词条 | Ahmadiyya by country | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
释义 |
Ahmadiyya is an Islamic religious movement originating in 1889 in northern India around the teachings of Mirza Ghulam Ahmad (1835–1908), who claimed to have been divinely appointed as both the promised Mahdi and Messiah expected by Muslims to appear towards the end times. {{As of|2016}} the Community has been established in 209 countries and territories of the world.[1][2][3][4] with concentrations in South Asia, West Africa, East Africa and Indonesia. The Community is a minority Muslim group in almost every country of the world. On the other hand, it has spread to most countries of the world.[5][6] In some countries, it is practically illegal to be an Ahmadi Muslim. For instance, in Pakistan, following Ordinance XX, Ahmadis cannot call themselves Muslims, profess the Islamic creed publicly or call their places of worship mosques. Together, these factors make it difficult to estimate the Ahmadiyya population for both the Community itself and as well as independent organizations. For this reason, the Community gives a figure of "tens of millions";[7] however, most independent sources variously estimate the population to be at least 10 to 20 million[8] worldwide, thereby representing around 1% of the world's Muslim population.[9]According to the World Christian Encyclopedia, the Ahmadiyya movement is the fastest growing Islamic group as of the early 21st century.[10] The country with the largest Ahmadiyya population is Pakistan, with an estimated 4 million Ahmadi Muslims.[11] Excluding small nations, the country with the largest proportion of Ahmadi Muslims to the wider Muslim population is Ghana, standing at 16%. The country with the highest percentage of the overall population is Sierra Leone standing at over 8%. The population is almost entirely contained in the single, organized and united movement, commonly referred to as the Ahmadiyya Muslim Community (AMC), headed by the Khalifa. The other is the Lahore Ahmadiyya Movement, a separatist group which, though historically significant, has failed to attract a sizeable following representing less than 0.2% of the total Ahmadiyya population.[12] CountriesMapsThe following maps summarize the data presented in the table below. {{multiple image| width = 500 | align = center | footer = | image1 = Ahmadiyya population map.svg | caption1 = World Ahmadi Muslim population. (Sources are various. See table below.) | image2 = Ahmadi Muslim to Muslim population map.svg | caption2 = World Ahmadi Muslims as a percentage of Muslims. (Sources are various. See table below.) | footer_align = center }} TableThe following figures display estimates of the number of Ahmadi Muslims and their percentages by country. However, it does not list all the countries with the Ahmadiyya presence. In particular, it does not list a number of countries which have a large presence of Ahmadis. This includes Benin, Burkina Faso, Ivory Coast, Guinea, The Gambia and a number of Arab States.
See alsoIslam:
ReferencesNotes1. ^{{cite news | url=http://www.swlondoner.co.uk/584000-people-join-ahmadiyya-muslim-community-annual-convention-held/ | title=More than 584,000 people join Ahmadiyya Muslim Community as annual convention held | publisher=swlondener.co.uk | date=August 15, 2016 | accessdate=August 24, 2016}} Citations{{reflist|2|}}{{World topic|Ahmadiyya in}}{{Religions by country}}2. ^{{cite news | url=http://www.pressahmadiyya.com/2016/08/jalsa-salana-uk-50th.html | title=More than 584,000 people join the Ahmadiyya Muslim Community | publisher=Ahmadiyya Muslim Community Press and Media Office | date=August 18, 2016 | accessdate=August 24, 2016}} 3. ^{{cite news | url=https://www.pressandjournal.co.uk/fp/news/highlands/394216/argyll-christian-to-receive-muslim-peace-prize | title=Argyll’s Magnus MacFarlane-Barrow to receive Muslim peace prize | accessdate=February 15, 2015}} 4. ^Depending on the definition, there are 195 or 196 countries in the world, of which 193 are member states of the United Nations. Under the constitutive theory of statehood there are 206 sovereign states. There are dozens of territories and colonies that are sometimes erroneously called "countries". See*{{cite web | url=http://geography.about.com/cs/countries/a/numbercountries.htm | title=The Number of Countries in the World | accessdate=February 15, 2015}} 5. ^{{Cite book|title = Religions of the World: A Comprehensive Encyclopedia of Beliefs and Practices, 2nd Edition [6 volumes]: A Comprehensive Encyclopedia of Beliefs and Practices|last = Baumann|first = Martin|publisher = ABC-CLIO|year = 2010|isbn = 9781598842043|location = |pages = 58|url = https://books.google.com/?id=v2yiyLLOj88C&vq=Ahmadi|last2 = Melton|first2 = J. Gordon}} 6. ^{{Cite book|title = Salam + 50|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=Nl67CgAAQBAJ|publisher = World Scientific|date = 2008-07-31|isbn = 9781908978899|language = en|first = Michael|last = Duff}} 7. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.alislam.org/introduction/index.html | title=An Overview | accessdate=March 4, 2014 | date= | publisher=Al Islam}} 8. ^See*{{Cite book|title=Breach of Faith|quote=Estimates of around 20 million would be appropriate|volume=|publisher=Human Rights Watch|location=|isbn=|page=8|url=https://books.google.com/?id=yi8ONIe1fv4C&pg=PA8#v=onepage&q&f=false|accessdate=March 29, 2014 | date=June 2005}}*{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/?id=dgtgGhMUgIUC&pg=PA72#v=onepage&q&f=false|title=Asian Religions in British Columbia|quote=The community currently numbers around 15 million spread around the world|author1=Larry DeVries |author2=Don Baker |author3=Dan Overmyer |accessdate=March 29, 2014|isbn=978-0-7748-1662-5|publisher=University of Columbia Press|date=2011-01-01}}*{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/?id=OZbyz_Hr-eIC&pg=PA23#v=onepage&q&f=false|title=Encyclopedia of Islam|quote=The total size of the Ahmadiyya community in 2001 was estimated to be more than 10 million|author =Juan Eduardo Campo|publisher=|page=24|accessdate=March 29, 2014|isbn=0-8160-5454-1|year=2009}}*{{Cite web | url=https://www.pbs.org/wnet/religionandethics/2012/01/20/january-20-2012-ahmadiyya-muslims/10124/|title=Ahmadiyya Muslims | publisher=pbs.org | accessdate=6 October 2013}} 9. ^A figure of 10 to 20 million represents 0.62% to 1.25% of the worlds Muslim population. 10. ^The Ahmadiyya Movement has been the fastest growing Islamic group according to the World Christian Encyclopedia for a number of decades. For this, see earlier editions. The 2001 edition places the growth rate at 3.25%, which is the highest of all Islamic sects and schools of thought. See*{{cite book |date=February 15, 2001 |editor1=David B. Barrett |editor2=George Thomas Kurian |editor3=Todd M. Johnson |title=World Christian Encyclopedia |url= |location= |publisher=Oxford University Press USA |isbn=0195079639}} 11. ^The 1998 Pakistani census states that there are 291,000 (0.22%) Ahmadis in Pakistan. However, the Ahmadiyya Muslim Community has boycotted the census since 1974 which renders official Pakistani figures to be inaccurate. Independent groups have estimated the Pakistani Ahmadiyya population to be somewhere between 2 million and 5 million Ahmadis with the 4 million figure being the most quoted figure and accounting for approximately 2.2% of the country. See* over 2 million: {{cite web|url=http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/49913b5f2c.html|title=Pakistan: The situation of Ahmadis, including legal status and political, education and employment rights; societal attitudes toward Ahmadis (2006 - Nov. 2008)|date=2008-12-04|author=Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada|accessdate=2012-06-28}}* 3 million: International Federation for Human Rights: International Fact-Finding Mission. Freedoms of Expression, of Association and of Assembly in Pakistan. Ausgabe 408/2, Januar 2005, S. 61 (PDF)* 3–4 million: Commission on International Religious Freedom: Annual Report of the United States Commission on International Religious Freedom. 2005, S. 130* 4.910.000: James Minahan: Encyclopedia of the stateless nations. Ethnic and national groups around the world. Greenwood Press . Westport 2002, page 52* {{cite web|url=http://www.refworld.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/rwmain?page=country&category=&publisher=IRBC&type=QUERYRESPONSE&coi=PAK&rid=&docid=45f1478f20&skip=0|title=Pakistan: Situation of members of the Lahori Ahmadiyya Movement in Pakistan|accessdate=April 30, 2014}} 12. ^The Lahore Ahmadiyya Movement has unofficially stated its total population to be up to 30,000, of which 5,000 to 10,000 live in Pakistan. On this basis, the Lahore Ahmadiyya Movement represents approximately 0.2% of the total Ahmadiyya population.See: *{{cite book| author = Simon Ross Valentine| title = Islam and the Ahmadiyya Jamaʻat: History, Belief, Practice| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=Q78O1mjX2tMC&pg=PA61| date = 2008-10-06| publisher = Columbia University Press| isbn = 978-0-231-70094-8| page = 61 }}*{{cite web|url=http://www.refworld.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/rwmain?page=country&category=&publisher=IRBC&type=QUERYRESPONSE&coi=PAK&rid=&docid=45f1478f20&skip=0 | title=Pakistan: Situation of members of the Lahori Ahmadiyya Movement in Pakistan | accessdate=April 30, 2014 }} 13. ^{{cite news | url = https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2017/06/algeria-wave-of-arrests-and-prosecutions-of-hundreds-of-ahmadis/ | work=Amnesty International | title= Algeria: Wave of arrests and prosecutions of hundreds of Ahmadis| date=19 June 2017| accessdate=12 October 2017}} 14. ^{{cite news | url = http://jordantimes.com/news/region/algeria-finds-sect-leader-guilty-offending-islam%E2%80%99 | work=The Jordan Times | title= Algeria finds sect leader guilty of ‘offending Islam’| date=13 September 2017| accessdate=12 October 2017}} 15. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.infoban.com.ar/despachos.asp?cod_des=57230&ID_Seccion=42 | title=El Islam en Argentina | accessdate=February 15, 2015 | date=September 15, 2015}} 16. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.smh.com.au/world/a-good-muslims-better-life-cut-short-by-extremists-20120310-1ur12.html | title=A good Muslim's better life cut short by extremists | accessdate=February 22, 2014 | date=March 11, 2012 | publisher=Sydney Morning Herald}} 17. ^{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ia5AAQAAQBAJ&lpg=PA55&pg=PA55#v=onepage&q&f=false | title=Yearbook of Muslims in Europe, Volume 5 | accessdate=February 25, 2014 | page=55 |author1=Jørgen Nielsen |author2=Samim Akgönül |author3=Ahmet Alibašić |author4=Egdunas Raciu | isbn=9789004255869 | date=2013-09-19 }} 18. ^{{cite web|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/south_asia/3382931.stm | title=Bangladesh bans Islam sect books | accessdate=February 22, 2014 | date=January 9, 2004 | publisher=BBC News}} 19. ^There is also an upper estimate of 200,000 Ahmadi Muslims in Bangladesh. 20. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.refworld.org/docid/468918540.html | title=Ahmadiyya Muslims among Banned Religious Organisations | accessdate=May 2, 2014 | date=November 4, 2003 | publisher=UNHCR}} 21. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.ethesis.net/Ahmadiyya/Ahmadiyya.pdf | title=Social and Economic Influence of Ahmadiyya Muslim Community in Flanders-Belgium | accessdate=April 30, 2014 | date= | author=Khalid Saifullah}} 22. ^{{cite web|url=http://7newsbelize.com/sstory.php?nid=31445 | title=Spreading The Message Of Islam in Belize | accessdate=February 14, 2015}} 23. ^{{cite web | url=http://islamismobr.blogspot.com.br/2013/02/comunidade-ahmadia-no-brasil.html | title=Comunidade Ahmadia No Brasil}} 24. ^{{cite web | url=http://www.refworld.org/docid/468919c80.html | title=Bulgaria: Ahmadis barred "because it is against the religions that people follow here" | accessdate=May 31, 2014}} 25. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 {{cite web | url=http://www.pewforum.org/uploadedFiles/Topics/Religious_Affiliation/Muslim/the-worlds-muslims-full-report.pdf | title=The World's Muslims: Unity and Diversity | accessdate=February 22, 2014 | date=August 9, 2012 | publisher=Pew Forum on Religious & Public life | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121024125551/http://www.pewforum.org/uploadedFiles/Topics/Religious_Affiliation/Muslim/the-worlds-muslims-full-report.pdf | archive-date=2012-10-24 | dead-url=yes | df= }} 26. ^{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dgtgGhMUgIUC&lpg=PA73&pg=PA73#v=onepage&q&f=false | title=Asian Religions in British Columbia | accessdate=February 22, 2014 | date=August 9, 2012 |page=73 |author1=Don Baker |author2=Daniel L. Overmyer |author3=Larry DeVries | publisher=UCB Press| isbn=9780774859424 }} 27. ^{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/?id=-WdFAAAAQBAJ&lpg=PA14&pg=PA14#v=onepage&q&f=false| title=Family Upheaval: Generation, Mobility and Relatedness among Pakistani | author=Mikkel Rytter | accessdate=February 23, 2014 | page=14 | publisher=Berghahn Books| isbn=9780857459404 | date=2013-06-30 }} 28. ^{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PmgkD3Hel5IC&lpg=PA309&pg=PA297#v=onepage&q&f=false| title=Between Heaven and Hell: Islam, Salvation, and the Fate of Others | author=Mohammad Hassan Khalil | accessdate=March 1, 2014 | page=297 | publisher=Oxford University Press| isbn=9780199945412 | date=2013-01-31 }} 29. ^The actual figure as stated in the 1996 census is 1,976. 30. ^{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=a-NTBQAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false | title=Yearbook of Muslims in Europe | volume=6 |author1=Jørgen Nielsen |author2=Samim Akgönül |author3=Ahmet Alibašić |author4=Egdunas Racius | page=229| isbn=9789004283053 | date=2014-10-31 }} 31. ^"Mitgliederzahlen: Islam", in: Religionswissenschaftlicher Medien- und Informationsdienst|Religionswissenschaftliche Medien- und Informationsdienst e. V. (Abbreviation: REMID), Retrieved 3 January 2016 32. ^"Anzahl der Muslime in Deutschland nach Glaubensrichtung im Jahr 2015* (in 1.000)", in: Statista GmbH, Retrieved 3 January 2016 33. ^"Mosque construction continues with community support: Ahmadi Muslim leader, Retrieved 22 July 2016 34. ^Ghana's Muslims have previously raised concern over the census figures which states that 17% of Ghanaians belong to the Muslim faith. It is claimed that Muslims represent somewhere between 30 and 45% of Ghana. Under this, the Ahmadiyya population would number almost 2 million. The Ahmadiyya Muslim Community itself gives an estimate of over 2 million Ahmadis in Ghana. See*{{cite web|url=http://www.newsfromafrica.org/newsfromafrica/articles/art_7902.html |title=Muslims cry foul over population figures |accessdate=April 30, 2014 |publisher=News From Africa |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140502031906/http://www.newsfromafrica.org/newsfromafrica/articles/art_7902.html |archivedate=May 2, 2014 }}*{{cite book|title=Ahmadiyya Muslim Mosques Around the World – A Pictorical Presentation|date=2008|publisher=Ahmadiyya Muslim Community; Khilafat Centenary Edition|isbn=978-1882494514|page=70}} 35. ^{{cite news | url=http://www.elperiodico.com.gt/es/20111205/pais/204585/ | title=Ahmadía, el ala pacífi ca del Islam, atrae a guatemaltecos | accessdate=June 2, 2014}} 36. ^There are over 200 members of the Ahmadiyya Muslim Community in Guyana. However, the Lahore Ahmadiyya movement is also active in Guyana, for which figures are unavailable at the moment. Thus, a figure of 200 is unlikely to be representative of the total Ahmadiyya population. See*{{cite news | url=http://guyanachronicle.com/facing-persecution-in-pakistan-ahmadiyya-muslim-community-finds-sanctuary-in-guyana/ | title=Facing Persecution in Pakistan….Ahmadiyya Muslim Community finds sanctuary in Guyana | date=February 2, 2014}} 37. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.outlookindia.com/article/wretched-of-the-land/265665|title=Wretched Of The Land}} 38. ^{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/?id=nvTeAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA88&dq#v=onepage&q&f=false | title=South Asia in the World: An Introduction | publisher=M.E. Sharpe Inc. | page=88 | author=Susan Snow Wadley| isbn=9780765639684 | date=2013-12-27 }} 39. ^{{cite web| url=http://www.thearda.com/internationalData/countries/Country_109_2.asp | title=Indonesia | publisher=The Association of Religious Data | accessdate=April 26, 2014}} 40. ^{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/?id=N2qFtlLja8gC&lpg=PA20&pg=PA20#v=onepage&q&f=false| title=Indonesia: Domestic Politics, Strategic Dynamics, and American Interests | accessdate=February 22, 2014 | author=Bruce Vaughn | page=20 | publisher=Diane Publishing Co.| isbn=9781437927559 | date=November 2010 }} 41. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.irishtimes.com/news/ireland/irish-news/persecuted-muslims-build-first-irish-mosque-in-galway-1.1935635| title=Persecuted Muslims build first Irish mosque in Galway | accessdate=September 20, 2014 | author=Lorna Siggins | date=September 20, 2014 | publisher=Irish Times}} 42. ^Estimate*Kababir only (2,200):{{cite web|url=http://www.israelandyou.com/kababir/ |title=Kababir |publisher=Israel and You |accessdate=26 January 2015 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150130170337/http://www.israelandyou.com/kababir/ |archivedate=30 January 2015 }}*1990s Estimate (1,000):{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=t7Ao8dYsCskC&lpg=PA45&pg=PA45#v=onepage&q&f=false |title=The Arabs in Israel |accessdate=March 4, 2014 |author=Ori Stendel |page=45 |publisher=Sussex Academic Press |isbn=1898723249 |year=1996 }} 43. ^{{cite web | url=http://www.cesnur.com/lislam-e-i-movimenti-di-matrice-islamica-in-italia/gli-ahmadi/ | title=Gli Ahmadi | accessdate=February 14, 2015}} 44. ^{{cite web | url=http://www.oldharbournews.com/index.php/feature/item/1119-old-harbour-muslim-community-fighting-crime-through-youth-programmes-and-sports | title=Old Harbour Muslim community fighting crime through youth programmes and sports | accessdate=October 28, 2016 | date=April 22, 2015}} 45. ^{{cite journal | url=http://www.i-repository.net/contents/outemon/ir/402/402100006.pdf | journal=Otemon Gakuin University Sociology Bulletin | title=World Religion Crossing The Border : The Future of Gods in the Era of Globalization | first=Masayuki |last=Numajiri | language=Japanese | page=64 | publisher=Otemon Gakuin University | date=March 29, 2010}} 46. ^1 {{cite web | url=http://www.keston.org.uk/_russianreview/edition64/03%20Tsurkan%20about%20Ahmadiya.htm | title=Альтернативный ислам на постсоветском пространстве: особенности распространения ахмадиййата. | language=Russian | author=Anna Tsurkan | publisher=Keston Institute | accessdate=October 1, 2016}} 47. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.rferl.org/content/kyrgyz_officials_reject_muslim_sect/24438562.html |title=Kyrgyz Officials Reject Muslim Sect |accessdate=February 24, 2014 |date=January 6, 2012 |publisher=RFE/RL |deadurl=yes |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/64Ua7IB5t?url=http://www.rferl.org/content/kyrgyz_officials_reject_muslim_sect/24438562.html |archivedate=January 6, 2012 |df= }} 48. ^1 {{cite book|title=Ahmadiyya Muslim Mosques Around The World – A Pictorical Presentation|date=2008|publisher=Ahmadiyya Muslim Community; Khilafat Centenary Edition|isbn=978-1882494514}} 49. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/category/nation/2011/11/08/malaysias-ahmadis-living-dangerously/ | title=Malaysia’s Ahmadis living dangerously | accessdate=April 30, 2014 | date=November 8, 2011}} 50. ^[https://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/irf/2009/127278.htm International Religious Freedom Report 2009: Marshall Islands]. United States Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights and Labor (September 14, 2007). 51. ^{{cite journal | journal=Ethnology | volume=35 | issue=4 | title=Islamic Revivalism and Political Opposition among Minority Muslims in Mauritius | year=1996 | first=Oddvar | last=Hollup}} 52. ^{{cite web | url=http://www.yucatanliving.com/print.php?article=17827 | title=Islam Comes to Merida | publisher=Yucatan Living | accessdate=February 14, 2015}} 53. ^{{cite web | url=http://www.andaluspress.com/ar/news/18373.html | archiveurl=http://www.yucatanliving.com/print.php?article=17827 | title=القادياناية تغزو المغرب ووزارة الأوقاف تدق ناقوس الخطر | language=Arabic | accessdate=October 26, 2016 | archive-date=October 26, 2016 | date=November 18, 2013}} 54. ^{{cite web | url=http://www.dichtbij.nl/almere/regionaal-nieuws/artikel/2567273/poort-krijgt-nieuwe-moskee.aspx | title=Poort krijgt nieuwe moskee | date=December 13, 2013 | accessdate=April 26, 2014 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140426215007/http://www.dichtbij.nl/almere/regionaal-nieuws/artikel/2567273/poort-krijgt-nieuwe-moskee.aspx | archive-date=2014-04-26 | dead-url=yes | df= }} 55. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.stuff.co.nz/auckland/local-news/manukau-courier/9341648/Prayers-for-opening | title=Prayers for Opening | accessdate=March 4, 2014 | date=October 31, 2013 | publisher=stuff.co.nz}} 56. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.aftenbladet.no/nyheter/innenriks/Omstridt-mosk-pnes-p-Furuset-2872580.html#.UxYoSPl_tp0 | title=Omstridt moské åpnes på Furuset | accessdate=March 4, 2014 | date=September 29, 2011 | publisher=aftenbladet.no}} 57. ^The 1998 Pakistani census states that there are 291,000 (0.22%) Ahmadis in Pakistan. However, the Ahmadiyya Muslim Community has boycotted the census since 1974 which renders official Pakistani figures to be inaccurate. Independent groups have estimated the Pakistani Ahmadiyya population to be somewhere between 2 million and 5 million Ahmadis. However, the 4 million figure is the most quoted figure. See*600,000: {{cite web | author= Freedom House|title=The Impact of Blasphemy Laws on Human Rights|page=120}}*over 2 million: {{cite web | author= Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada | title= Pakistan: The situation of Ahmadis, including legal status and political, education and employment rights; societal attitudes toward Ahmadis (2006 – Nov. 2008) | date= 2008-12-04 |url=http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/49913b5f2c.html | accessdate= 2012-06-28}}*3 million: International Federation for Human Rights: International Fact-Finding Mission. Freedoms of Expression, of Association and of Assembly in Pakistan. Ausgabe 408/2, Januar 2005, S. 61 (PDF)*3–4 million: Commission on International Religious Freedom: Annual Report of the United States Commission on International Religious Freedom. 2005, S. 130*4.910.000: James Minahan: Encyclopedia of the stateless nations. Ethnic and national groups around the world. Greenwood Press . Westport 2002, page 52*{{cite web|url=http://www.refworld.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/rwmain?page=country&category=&publisher=IRBC&type=QUERYRESPONSE&coi=PAK&rid=&docid=45f1478f20&skip=0 | title=Pakistan: Situation of members of the Lahori Ahmadiyya Movement in Pakistan | accessdate=April 30, 2014 }} 58. ^{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/?id=rMoVAQAAIAAJ&q | title=The role of borderlands in united Europe: historical, ethnic and geopolitical problems of borderlands | page=142| isbn=9788371261992 | author1=Sobczyński | first1=Marek | last2=Of Political Geography And Regional Studies | first2=Uniwersytet Łódzki. Dept | last3=Opolu | first3=Państwowy Instytut Naukowy-Instytut Śląski W | last4=(Poland) | first4=Silesian Institute Society | year=2005 }} 59. ^{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tVO2RR6ymjoC&lpg=PA147&pg=PA147#v=onepage&q&f=false | title=Muslim Puritans: Reformist Psychology in Southeast Asian Islam | page=147 | accessdate=February 25, 2014 | author=James L. Peacock| isbn=9780520034037 | year=1978 }} 60. ^It is estimated that there are 1,000 Ahmadis in the country. However, Sunni Muslims claim to have more followers in the country. Taking a lower bound, it can be stipulated that Ahmadis represent 50% of the country's Muslims. See*{{cite journal | journal=Australian Journal of International Affairs | title=Muslims in Melanesia: putting security issues in perspective | publisher=Taylor & Francis | volume=62 | issue=3 | date=September 2008 | pages=408–429}} 61. ^{{cite news | url=http://www.hoy.es/sociedad/201406/26/islam-amor-20140626003342-v.html | title=El Islam del amor | language=Spanish | author=Gerardo Elorriaga | date=June 24, 2014 | accessdate=August 4, 2015}} 62. ^The exact figure as stated in the 2012 census is 14,161 63. ^ Estimates range from 500 to 1,100. See*{{Cite book|title=Handbook of Nordic New Religions|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3tfaCQAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false|first=James R. |last=Lewis|publisher=Brill|year=2015|page=362}} 64. ^{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dQmxAgAAQBAJ&lpg=PA103&pg=PA102#v=onepage&q&f=false | title=Islamic Organizations in Europe and the USA: A Multidisciplinary Perspective | accessdate=February 23, 2014 |author1=Matthias Kortmann |author2=Kerstin Rosenow-Williams | page=102}} 65. ^{{cite magazine | title= Monthly Sinar Islam | volume=2 | date=May 2015 | edition=5}} 66. ^There are over 500 members of the Ahmadiyya Muslim Community. However, there is also a large presence of the Lahore Ahmadiyya movement, for which figures are unavailable. Thus, a figure of 500 is unlikely to be representative of the total Ahmadiyya population. See*{{cite encyclopaedia | encyclopaedia=The Encyclopedia of Caribbean Religions: Volume 1: A-L; Volume 2: M-Z | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XOyYCgAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false | page=33–38}} 67. ^{{cite book | title=Religious Diversity in Southeast Asia and the Pacific |author1=Gary D. Bouma |author2=Rodney Ling |author3=Douglas Pratt | page=198 | date=2010}} 68. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.thisislocallondon.co.uk/news/10458761.VIDEO__Ahmadiyya_Muslim_Community_celebrate_100_years_since_first_missionary_came_to_UK/ | title=Ahmadiyya Muslim Community celebrates 100 years since first missionary came to UK | publisher=This is Local London| accessdate=May 2, 2014| date=June 3, 2013}} 69. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2014/feb/27/small-muslim-offshoot-to-get-own-caucus-on-capitol/| title=Muslim group to get own caucus on Capitol Hill | accessdate=March 1, 2014 | date=February 27, 2014 | publisher=Washington Times}} 70. ^{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/?id=sbElAQAAIAAJ&q&dq|title=Some basics of religious education in Zambia|accessdate=March 30, 2014}} 1 : Ahmadiyya by country |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识,基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识,是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。