| 词条 | Air Mata Mengalir di Tjitarum |
| 释义 |
| name = Air Mata Mengalir di Tjitarum | image = File:Not Rukiah but Sofia.jpg | image_size = | border = | alt = A black-and-white advertisement | caption = Advertisement | director = Roestam Sutan Palindih | producer = | screenplay = Roestam Sutan Palindih | story = | starring = {{plainlist|
}} | music = | cinematography = {{plainlist|
}} | editing = | studio = Wong & Tan Bros. | distributor = | released = {{Film date|1948|||df=yes}} | runtime = | country = {{Plainlist|
}} | language = Indonesian | budget = | gross = }} Air Mata Mengalir di Tjitarum ({{IPA-id|aiˈr maˈta meŋˈalɪr di tʃiˈtarum|}}; Perfected Spelling: Air Mata Mengalir di Citarum; Indonesian for Tears Flow in Citarum) is a 1949 film from what is now Indonesia,{{efn|The film was released during the Indonesian National Revolution, in which time Indonesia had declared itself independent while the Dutch East Indies was still formally in existence.}} written and directed by Roestam Sutan Palindih for the Tan & Wong Bros Film Company. ProductionFollowing the Japanese occupation of the Dutch East Indies in March 1942, Tan's Film was shut down. During the occupation all films produced were works of propaganda, and after the Indonesian National Revolution began in 1945 no new films were made. In 1948 the owners of Tan's Film, the brothers Tan Khoen Yauw and Khoen Hian, worked with brothers Joshua and Othniel Wong to establish the Tan & Wong Bros Film Company. They soon began production of their first film, Air Mata Mengalir di Tjitarum.{{sfn|Biran|2009|p=367}} The film was written and directed by Roestam Sutan Palindih,{{sfn|Filmindonesia.or.id, Air Mata Mengalir}} a journalist-cum-writer who had directed two short films during the Japanese occupation.{{sfn|Filmindonesia.or.id, Rustam Sutan Palindih}} Air Mata Mengalir di Tjitarum starred Sofia, her husband S Waldy (pseudonym of Waldemar Caerel Hunter), and Rd Endang all had had experience on stage during the Occupation. Air Mata Mengalir dari Tjitarum was the feature film debut of Sofia and Rd Endang.[1] The black-and-white film's sound and cinematography was split between the Wong brothers.{{sfn|Filmindonesia.or.id, Kredit Air Mata}} Release and receptionAir Mata Mengalir di Tjitarum was released in 1948,{{sfn|Filmindonesia.or.id, Air Mata Mengalir}} and at least one advertisement took advantage of the lasting star power of Roekiah, who had been the main draw of Tan's Film; the advertisement included the line "Roekiah? No! But Sofia in a new Indonesian film, Air Mata Mengalir di Tjitarum".{{sfn|Imanjaya|2006|p=111}} The film was the second domestic feature production since the end of the occupation, following Andjar Asmara's Djaoeh Dimata for the South Pacific Film Corporation.{{sfn|Said|McGlynn|Heider|1991|p=3}} Both films had similar themes, but ultimately Air Mata dari Tjitarum was the bigger box-office hit.{{sfn|Biran|2009|p=367}} LegacyRoestam did not direct Tan & Wong Bros next production, Bengawan Solo (1949),{{sfn|Biran|2009|p=367}} and only wrote one further film, Terang Bulan (1950). He spent much of his later life as documentarian.{{sfn|Filmindonesia.or.id, Rustam Sutan Palindih}} Sofia and Waldy acted in several further films together, including Bengawan Solo, and both later went into directing; they divorced in 1964.{{sfn|Biran|1979|pp=459, 488}} Rd Endang remained a popular star until 1956, when he left the film industry.{{sfn|Biran|1979|p=39}} Tan & Wong Bros produced several further films after the release of Air Mata Mengalir di Tjitarum; in 1955 they changed the company's name to Tjendrawasih Film.{{sfn|Filmindonesia.or.id, Tan & Wong Bros}} The film is probably lost. Movies in the Indies were recorded on highly flammable nitrate film, and after a fire destroyed much of Produksi Film Negara's warehouse in 1952, old films shot on nitrate were deliberately destroyed.{{sfn|Biran|2012|p=291}} As such, American visual anthropologist Karl G. Heider suggests that all Indonesian films from before 1950 are lost.{{sfn|Heider|1991|p=14}} However, J.B. Kristanto's Katalog Film Indonesia records several as having survived at Sinematek Indonesia's archives, and the film historian Misbach Yusa Biran writes that several Japanese propaganda films have survived at the Netherlands Government Information Service.{{sfn|Biran|2009|p=351}} Explanatory notes{{notelist}}References1. ^{{harvnb|Filmindonesia.or.id, Air Mata Mengalir}}; {{harvnb|Biran|1979|pp=459, 488}}. Works cited{{refbegin|40em}}
|title=Air Mata Mengalir di Tjitarum |language=Indonesian |url=http://filmindonesia.or.id/movie/title/lf-a025-48-840416_air-mata-mengalir-di-tjitarum |work=filmindonesia.or.id |publisher=Konfiden Foundation |location=Jakarta |accessdate=23 August 2012 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6A7ge4yir?url=http://filmindonesia.or.id/movie/title/lf-a025-48-840416_air-mata-mengalir-di-tjitarum |archivedate=23 August 2012 |ref={{sfnRef|Filmindonesia.or.id, Air Mata Mengalir}} |deadurl=no |df= }}
|title=Apa Siapa Orang Film Indonesia 1926–1978 |trans-title=What and Who: Film Figures in Indonesia, 1926–1978 |year=1979 |oclc=6655859 |ref=harv |publisher=Sinematek Indonesia |editor-last=Biran |editor-first=Misbach Yusa }}
| title = Bikin Film di Jawa |trans-title=History of Film 1900–1950: Making Films in Java | language = Indonesian | last = Biran | first = Misbach Yusa | authorlink = Misbach Yusa Biran | location = Jakarta | publisher = Komunitas Bamboo working with the Jakarta Art Council | year = 2009 | isbn = 978-979-3731-58-2 | ref = harv
|title=Indonesia dalam Arus Sejarah: Masa Pergerakan Kebangsaan |trans-title=Indonesia in the Flow of Time: The Nationalist Movement |language=Indonesian |last=Biran |first=Misbach Yusa |chapter=Film di Masa Kolonial |trans-chapter=Film in the Colonial Period |publisher=Ministry of Education and Culture |year=2012 |volume=V |pages=268–93 |isbn=978-979-9226-97-6 |ref=harv }}
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=m4DVrBo91lEC |title=Indonesian Cinema: National Culture on Screen |isbn=978-0-8248-1367-3 |author1=Heider |first1=Karl G |year=1991 |publisher=University of Hawaii Press |location=Honolulu |ref=harv }}
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sl92GYNaKJIC |title=A to Z about Indonesian Film |language=Indonesian |isbn=978-979-752-367-1 |last=Imanjaya |first=Ekky |ref=harv |publisher=Mizan |location=Bandung |year=2006 }}
|title=Kredit Air Mata Mengalir di Tjitarum |trans-title=Credits for Air Mata Mengalir di Tjitarum |language=Indonesian |url=http://filmindonesia.or.id/movie/title/lf-a025-48-840416_air-mata-mengalir-di-tjitarum |work=filmindonesia.or.id |publisher=Konfiden Foundation |location=Jakarta |accessdate=16 February 2014 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6NQOnwhR7?url=http://filmindonesia.or.id/movie/title/lf-a025-48-840416_air-mata-mengalir-di-tjitarum/credit |archivedate=16 February 2014 |ref={{sfnRef|Filmindonesia.or.id, Kredit Air Mata}} |deadurl=no |df= }}
|title=Rustam Sutan Palindih |language=Indonesian |url=http://filmindonesia.or.id/movie/name/nmp4b9bad3d03627_Rustam-Sutan-Palindih |work=filmindonesia.or.id |publisher=Konfidan Foundation |location=Jakarta |accessdate=3 September 2012 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6B8W4CDzR?url=http://filmindonesia.or.id/movie/name/nmp4b9bad3d03627_Rustam-Sutan-Palindih |archivedate=3 October 2012 |ref={{sfnRef|Filmindonesia.or.id, Rustam Sutan Palindih}} |deadurl=no |df= }}
|title=Cinema of Indonesia: Eleven Indonesian Films, Notes & Synopses |last1=Said |first1=Salim |last2=McGlynn |first2=John H. |author2-link=John H. McGlynn |last3=Heider |first3=Karl G |author3-link=Karl G. Heider |publisher=Festival of Indonesia Foundation |location=New York |year=1991 |isbn=978-1-879578-00-5 |ref=harv }}
|title=Tan & Wong Bros |language=Indonesian |url=http://filmindonesia.or.id/movie/name/nmo4b9bcde442682_tan-wong-bros |work=filmindonesia.or.id |publisher=Konfiden Foundation |location=Jakarta |accessdate=16 February 2014 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6NQcbVXG6?url=http://filmindonesia.or.id/movie/name/nmo4b9bcde442682_tan-wong-bros |archivedate=16 February 2014 |ref={{sfnRef|Filmindonesia.or.id, Tan & Wong Bros}} |deadurl=no |df= }}{{refend}} 4 : Films of the Dutch East Indies|Indonesian films|Indonesian black-and-white films|Lost Indonesian films |
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