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词条 Oodnadatta
释义

  1. History

     European exploration  Central Australia Railway  Roebuck Bay railway  World War II 

  2. Life in Oodnadatta

  3. Oodnadatta elsewhere

  4. Climate

  5. References

  6. External links

{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2013}}{{Use Australian English|date=March 2013}}{{Infobox Australian place
| type = town
| name = Oodnadatta
| state = SA
| image = The-Pink-Roadhouse-Oodnadatta.JPG
| caption = The Pink Roadhouse at Oodnadatta
| image_alt =
| relief =
| coordinates = {{coord|27.54811|S|135.445432|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
| coord_ref = [1]
| pushpin_label_position =
| map_alt =
| pop = 166
| pop_year = {{CensusAU|2011}}
| pop_footnotes = [2]
| poprank =
| density =
| density_footnotes =
| established = 30 October 1890 (town)
8 February 2001 (locality)
| established_footnotes = [2][1]
| abolished =
| gazetted =
| postcode = 5734[3]
| elevation = 121
| elevation_footnotes = (railway station)[4]
| area =
| area_footnotes =
| timezone =
| utc =
| timezone-dst =
| utc-dst =
| dist1 = 873
| dir1 = N
| location1 = Adelaide
| dist2 = 544
| dir2 = N
| location2 = Port Augusta
| dist3 = 181
| dir3 = NW
| location3 = Coober Pedy
| lga = Pastoral Unincorporated Area[1]
| region = Far North[1]
| county =
| stategov = Giles[5]
| fedgov = Grey[6]
| maxtemp = 29.1
| maxtemp_footnotes = [11]
| mintemp = 14.6
| mintemp_footnotes = [11]
| rainfall = 174.7
| rainfall_footnotes = [11]
| near-n = Todmorden
| near-ne = Allandale Station
| near-e = Allandale Station
| near-se = Allandale Station
| near-s = Allandale Station
| near-sw = Allandale Station
| near-w = Todmorden
| near-nw = Todmorden
| near = Oodnadatta
| footnotes = Locations[1][3]
Adjoining localities[1]
}}Oodnadatta, in the Australian state of South Australia, is a small town surrounded by an area of {{convert|7800|km2|sqmi|sigfig=2}} with cattle stations in arid pastoral rangelands close to the Simpson Desert, {{convert|873|km}} north of the state capital of Adelaide and 112 m above sea level. It can be reached by an unsealed road from Coober Pedy or via the unsealed Oodnadatta Track from Marree to Marla or from the north via Finke, Northern Territory ("Old Ghan Heritage Trail"). The name is derived from Arrernte utnadata, meaning "mulga blossom".[7]

The population was 229 in 1976 and decreased to 160 in 1986.{{citation needed|date=January 2011}} The 2006 census reported a population of 277 (150 male, 127 female, including 103 indigenous Australians).[8]

History

European exploration

John McDouall Stuart explored the region in 1859. The route mapped by Stuart in his journeys of 1857 to 1862 was adopted as part of the Overland Telegraph Line route. There was no township at Oodnadatta when the telegraph was built. It was called the Yellow Waterhole, or Angle Pole (due to a sharp change in direction of the telegraph line), and later was known as Hookey's Waterhole.[9]Angle Pole ({{coord|27.50363071|S|135.41585261|E|format=dms|display=inline}}) is the point near Oodnadatta where the direction of the Telegraph Line changed to a more northerly direction.[10] It is near the Peake cattle station.[11][12]

By the 1880s the telegraph route was being used by camel trains, led by cameleers from Afghanistan, who were specially brought to Australia for the task of hauling goods into Central Australia for use by pioneer settlers. Camels were the only pack animals capable of taking on a six-week journey in often extreme heat, through sandy terrain. When train travel arrived, many of these camels were left to run wild in the outback where they number in the tens of thousands today. Many Afghan men and their families eventually settled in Oodnadatta and Maree, some marrying into the Aboriginal community.{{citation needed|date=May 2018}}

Central Australia Railway

Angle Pole was identified as the proposed terminus for the extension of the Great Northern Railway in the 1880s. When the railway was built, a town was established at the terminus, and named Oodnadatta.[13]

Oodnadatta became the terminus of the Great Northern Railway in 1890,[14] and remained so until the line was extended to Alice Springs in 1929. The line became known as the Central Australia Railway and the train service on the line was known as the Ghan in honour of the Afghan cameleers. The railway was built with narrow gauge ({{RailGauge|1067mm}}) tracks; train traffic was frequently disrupted by washouts and other damage to the trackbed leading to a slow and unreliable service. The Algebuckina Bridge is nearby. The railway through Oodnadatta was closed in 1981; a new standard gauge line was built to the west bypassing Oodnadatta.{{citation needed|date=May 2018}}

Both the historic Oodnadatta railway station, now a museum, and the nearby Algebuckina Bridge are listed on the South Australian Heritage Register.[15][16]

Roebuck Bay railway

Angle Pole was also proposed as the southeastern terminus of a still-born land grant railway from Roebuck Bay in Western Australia across the border to Angle Pole. This railway was proposed by a London syndicate around 1889 and would have been about 1000 miles (1600 km) long.[11]

While one or two land grant railways in Australia did succeed, this one was still-born.{{citation needed|date=May 2018}}

The Roebuck Bay railway was proposed to be {{RailGauge|1600mm}} gauge, presumably to link up with railways of that gauge between Terowie and Hamley Bridge to the colonial (later State) capital cities of Adelaide and Melbourne, implying that existing narrow railways of {{RailGauge|1067mm}} north of Terowie and Hamley Bridge would have to be bypassed or converted as South Australian Railways had built its railway line as {{RailGauge|1067mm}}.{{citation needed|date=May 2018}}

World War II

Oodnadatta's busiest era was World War II when the Australian Army and the Royal Australian Air Force set up local facilities to service troop trains and fighter aircraft en route to Darwin. Following the closure of the railway line in 1981, Oodnadatta, formerly a government service centre and supply depot for surrounding pastoral properties, became a residential freehold town for Indigenous Australians who, moving from cattle work, bought empty houses as railway workers left. Increasing tourist traffic along the Oodnadatta Track and an emerging mining industry keep the village alive. The Aboriginal school is the biggest employer.[7]

Life in Oodnadatta

The Pink Roadhouse (so-called because it is painted bright pink) is a focal point for the town, providing petrol, a general store, meals, post office facilities and canoe hire. Although they really do have canoes (also painted bright pink), it is not clear where to use them in the surrounding area unless the local waterholes are recently filled.{{citation needed|date=May 2018}}

Oodnadatta is serviced twice weekly by the Coober Pedy Oodnadatta One Day Mail Run. The OKA mail truck also carries some general freight and passengers.[17] Road trains bring weekly supplies of food and fuel etc. from Adelaide. Royal Flying Doctor Service and charter flights use the Oodnadatta Progress Associations' local all-weather Second World War airstrip which houses an automatic weather station.{{citation needed|date=May 2018}}

There is a museum in the old Ghan railway station, and a medical centre. The railway station comprises a large and imposing Victorian-era home built for the stationmaster's family, with verandahs on three sides, very high ceilings for coolness, and a cellar. Abutting the stationmaster's residence is the railway station office itself. The whole precinct has been kept in very good condition since the line closed.{{citation needed|date=May 2018}}

Oodnadatta elsewhere

The name Oodnadatta has been used as a name for a crater on the planet Mars.[18]

Climate

Oodnadatta has a hot desert climate (Köppen climate classification BWh) and has also recorded the highest reliably measured maximum temperature in Australia: 50.7 °C (123.3 F) on 2 January 1960. A higher temperature was recorded at Cloncurry in 1889; however, this has since been shown to have been recorded in a non-standard enclosure and likely to have been considerably cooler than first believed.[19] There is a large sign in Oodnadatta claiming the town is "The driest town, the driest state of the driest Continent".[20]

{{Weather box
|width = auto
|location = Oodnadatta (Airport 1939–2016)
|metric first = Yes
|single line = Yes
|Jan record high C = 50.7
|Feb record high C = 46.8
|Mar record high C = 44.9
|Apr record high C = 42.1
|May record high C = 35.0
|Jun record high C = 32.8
|Jul record high C = 32.2
|Aug record high C = 36.5
|Sep record high C = 40.7
|Oct record high C = 45.4
|Nov record high C = 47.3
|Dec record high C = 48.3
|year record high C = 50.7
|Jan high C = 37.8
|Feb high C = 36.6
|Mar high C = 33.7
|Apr high C = 28.5
|May high C = 23.2
|Jun high C = 19.9
|Jul high C = 19.6
|Aug high C = 22.1
|Sep high C = 26.6
|Oct high C = 30.2
|Nov high C = 33.7
|Dec high C = 36.3
|year high C = 29.0
|Jan mean C = 30.4
|Feb mean C = 29.5
|Mar mean C = 26.5
|Apr mean C = 21.5
|May mean C = 16.5
|Jun mean C = 13.2
|Jul mean C = 12.7
|Aug mean C = 14.8
|Sep mean C = 19.0
|Oct mean C = 22.7
|Nov mean C = 26.1
|Dec mean C = 29.3
|year mean C = 21.9
|Jan low C = 23.0
|Feb low C = 22.3
|Mar low C = 19.2
|Apr low C = 14.4
|May low C = 9.7
|Jun low C = 6.5
|Jul low C = 5.8
|Aug low C = 7.4
|Sep low C = 11.4
|Oct low C = 15.1
|Nov low C = 18.5
|Dec low C = 21.2
|year low C = 14.5
|Jan record low C = 11.7
|Feb record low C = 12.8
|Mar record low C = 9.5
|Apr record low C = 3.8
|May record low C = 0.9
|Jun record low C = -2.6
|Jul record low C = -2.2
|Aug record low C = -0.3
|Sep record low C = 2.2
|Oct record low C = 5.1
|Nov record low C = 9.6
|Dec record low C = 11.3
|year record low C = -2.6
|Jan precipitation mm = 22.9
|Feb precipitation mm = 32.2
|Mar precipitation mm = 14.1
|Apr precipitation mm = 11.1
|May precipitation mm = 12.8
|Jun precipitation mm = 11.8
|Jul precipitation mm = 10.0
|Aug precipitation mm = 8.1
|Sep precipitation mm = 9.9
|Oct precipitation mm = 13.9
|Nov precipitation mm = 13.0
|Dec precipitation mm = 17.1
|year precipitation mm = 177.1
|unit precipitation days = 0.2 mm
|Jan precipitation days = 2.9
|Feb precipitation days = 2.8
|Mar precipitation days = 2.3
|Apr precipitation days = 2.3
|May precipitation days = 2.7
|Jun precipitation days = 3.0
|Jul precipitation days = 2.5
|Aug precipitation days = 2.4
|Sep precipitation days = 2.7
|Oct precipitation days = 3.6
|Nov precipitation days = 3.6
|Dec precipitation days = 3.5
|year precipitation days = 34.3
|Jan sun = 337.9
|Feb sun = 315.0
|Mar sun = 313.1
|Apr sun = 273.0
|May sun = 244.9
|Jun sun = 231.0
|Jul sun = 254.2
|Aug sun = 275.9
|Sep sun = 291.0
|Oct sun = 316.2
|Nov sun = 321.0
|Dec sun = 341.0
|year sun = 3514.2
|source 1 = Bureau of Meteorology [21]
|date=August 2010
}}

References

1. ^1 2 3 4 5 {{cite web|title= Search results for 'Oodnadatta, LOCB' with the following datasets selected – 'Suburbs and Localities', "Counties', 'Government Towns', 'Local Government Areas', 'SA Government Regions' and 'Gazetteer' |url=http://location.sa.gov.au/viewer/?map=roads&x=135.47497&y=-27.54678&z=12&uids=19,2,115,11,20,105&pinx=135.446730&piny=-27.546650&pinTitle=Location&pinText=Oodnadatta,+Locb |website=Location SA Map Viewer |publisher=Government of South Australian Government |accessdate=13 May 2018}}
2. ^{{cite web|last1=Bray|first1=J.C.|title=Untitled proclamation (Town of Oodnadatta)|url=http://www9.austlii.edu.au/au/other/sa_gazette/1890/49/1068.pdf|website=The South Australian Government Gazette|publisher=South Australian Government|accessdate=13 May 2018|page=1068|date=30 October 1890}}
3. ^1 {{cite web|title= Postcode for Oodnadatta, South Australia|url= https://postcodes-australia.com/areas/sa/country+south+australia/oodnadatta | publisher=Postcodes Australia|accessdate=13 May 2018}}
4. ^{{cite web|title= Search results for 'Oodnadatta Railway Station' with the following datasets selected – ‘Suburbs and Localities’, ‘Government Towns‘ and 'Gazetteer’ |url=http://location.sa.gov.au/viewer/?map=roads&x=135.44817&y=-27.54886&z=15&uids=19,2,115,11,20,105&pinx=135.447710&piny=-27.545880&pinTitle=Location&pinText=Oodnadatta+Railway+Station,+Rsta |website=Location SA Map Viewer |publisher=Government of South Australian Government |accessdate=13 May 2018}}
5. ^{{cite web|title=District of Giles Background Profile|url= https://www.ecsa.sa.gov.au/electoral-districts/electoral-district-profiles?view=article&id=831:giles |publisher=Electoral Commission SA|accessdate=12 February 2018}}
6. ^{{cite web|title=Federal electoral division of Grey |url=http://www.aec.gov.au/profiles/sa/files/2011/2011-aec-a4-map-sa-grey.pdf |publisher=Australian Electoral Commission|accessdate=12 February 2018}}
7. ^1 {{cite web|url = http://www.mynrma.com.au/cps/rde/xchg/mynrma/hs.xsl/oodnadatta_track.htm|title = Outback: The Oodnadatta Track|publisher = National Roads and Motorists' Association (NRMA)|accessdate = 2008-06-24|deadurl = yes|archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20080806034533/http://www.mynrma.com.au/cps/rde/xchg/mynrma/hs.xsl/oodnadatta_track.htm|archivedate = 6 August 2008|df = dmy-all}}
8. ^1 {{Census 2006 AUS | id = SSC44476 | name = Oodnadatta (State Suburb) | quick = on | accessdate=2008-02-28}}
9. ^{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article58566067 |title=Alfred Giles – Enjoying Life at 80. |newspaper=The Mail |location=Adelaide |date=22 September 1928 |accessdate=30 January 2013 |page=3 |publisher=National Library of Australia}}
10. ^http://www.exploroz.com/Places/77748/SA/The_Angle_Pole_Memorial.aspx
11. ^1 {{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article13714154 |title=RAILWAY CONSTRUCTION IN WESTERN AUSTRALIA. |newspaper=The Sydney Morning Herald |date=14 February 1889 |accessdate=28 December 2012 |page=7 |publisher=National Library of Australia}}
12. ^{{cite web|title=Search result for "Angle Pole" (Record No. SA0001492) |url=http://maps.sa.gov.au/plb/ |publisher=Department of Planning Transport and infrastructure |accessdate=29 October 2015 |date=1 July 2004 }}
13. ^{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article91275396 |title=PUBLIC WORKS AND RAILWAYS. |newspaper=South Australian Chronicle |volume=XXXII, |issue=1,637 |location=South Australia |date=4 January 1890 |accessdate=22 March 2017 |page=9 |via=National Library of Australia}}
14. ^Great Northern to Government Gums – A Mineral Railway Callaghan, W.H. Australian Railway History, September;October, 2008 pp283-301;323-336
15. ^{{cite web | url=http://apps.planning.sa.gov.au/HeritageSearch/HeritageItem.aspx?p_heritageno=11 | title=Museum (former Oodnadatta Railway Complex, including Station/Residence, Goods Shed and Crane) | publisher=Department of Environment, Water and Natural Resources | work=South Australian Heritage Register | accessdate=12 February 2016}}
16. ^{{cite web | url=http://apps.planning.sa.gov.au/HeritageSearch/HeritageItem.aspx?p_heritageno=12 | title=Algebuckina Railway Bridge over the Neales River [Metal Truss] | publisher=South Australian Heritage Register | work=Department of Environment, Water and Natural Resources | accessdate=12 February 2016}}
17. ^{{cite web | url=http://www.desertdiversity.com/mail.htm | title=Coober Pedy Oodnadatta One Day Mail Run | deadurl=yes | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060503153324/http://www.desertdiversity.com/mail.htm | archivedate=3 May 2006 | df=dmy-all }}
18. ^Categories for Naming Features on Planets and Satellites, Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature, USGS Astrogeology Science Center, NASA
19. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.abc.net.au/am/content/2003/s1015670.htm|title=Queensland to bake on Christmas Day|publisher=Australian Broadcasting Corporation|work=AM|date=24 December 2003|accessdate=17 November 2009}}
20. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.adelaidenow.com.au/news/national/too-hot-to-refuel-as-town-bakes/story-fncz7kyc-1226549873359|title=Too Hot to Refuel as Town Bakes|publisher=Adelaide Now |date=9 January 2013|accessdate=9 January 2013}}
21. ^1 2 3 {{cite web| url = http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/cw_017043_All.shtml| title = Climate Statistics for Oodnadatta Airport| publisher = Bureau of Meteorology| work = Climate statistics for Australian locations| accessdate = March 31, 2013}}

External links

  • Tracking History to Oodnadatta by Roderick Eime
  • Pink Roadhouse Iconic landmark of Oodnadatta
  • Oodnadatta Pioneer Cemetery with photos of headstones
  • [https://web.archive.org/web/20060503153324/http://www.desertdiversity.com/mail.htm Coober Pedy Oodnadatta One Day Mail Run]
{{OACDT}}

4 : Towns in South Australia|Aboriginal communities in South Australia|Far North (South Australia)|Places in the unincorporated areas of South Australia
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