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词条 Open back rounded vowel
释义

  1. Features

  2. Occurrence

  3. See also

  4. Notes

  5. References

{{Infobox IPA
|ipa symbol=ɒ
|ipa symbol2=ɔ̞
|ipa number=313
|decimal=594
|x-sampa=Q
|kirshenbaum=A.
|imagefile=Open back rounded vowel (vector).svg
|imagesize=150px
|braille=256
|braille2=ch
}}

The open back rounded vowel, or low back rounded vowel,[1] is a type of vowel sound, used in some spoken languages. Acoustically, it is a near-open or near-low back rounded vowel.[2] The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is {{angle bracket|{{IPA|ɒ}}}}. It is called "turned script a", being a rotated version of "script (cursive) a", which is the variant of a that lacks the extra stroke on top of a "printed a".

Turned script a {{angle bracket|{{IPA|ɒ}}}} has its linear stroke on the left, whereas "script a" {{angle bracket|{{IPA|ɑ}}}} (for its unrounded counterpart) has its linear stroke on the right.

According to {{Harvcoltxt|Ladefoged|Maddieson|1996}}, Assamese has an "over-rounded" {{IPA|[ɒ̹]}}, with rounding as strong as that for {{IPA|[u]}}.{{sfnp|Ladefoged|Maddieson|1996|pp=293–294}}

According to the phonetician Geoff Lindsey, {{angle bracket|{{IPA|ɒ}}}} may be an entirely superfluous IPA symbol, as the sound it represents is far too similar to the open-mid back rounded vowel {{IPAblink|ɔ}}, which makes it unlikely that any language would contrast these two vowels phonemically. He also writes that the contemporary Standard Southern British (SSB) accent lacks {{IPA|[ɒ]}}, having replaced it with the more common {{IPAblink|ɔ}} (a realization that is also found in e.g. Australia,{{sfnp|Cox|Fletcher|2017|p=65}}{{sfnp|Horvath|2004|p=628}} New Zealand[3] and Scotland),[4]{{sfnp|Scobbie|Gordeeva|Matthews|2006|p=7}} and advocates for transcribing this vowel with the symbol {{angle bracket|{{IPA|ɔ}}}} in SSB.[4]

This is not to be understood as {{IPA|/ɒ/}} having the same quality as {{IPA|/ɔː/}} (which Lindsey transcribes with {{angle bracket|{{IPA|oː}}}}),[4] as the latter vowel is true-mid {{IPAblink|ɔ̝ː}} in SSB,{{sfnp|Gimson|2014|pp=128–129}} a pronunciation that was established decades ago.[5] Lindsey also says that more open variants of {{IPA|/ɒ/}} used formerly in SSB are satisfyingly represented by the symbols {{IPA|[ɔ̞]}} and {{IPAblink|ɑ}} in narrow phonetic transcription, and {{angle bracket|{{IPA|ɔ}}}} in phonemic/broad phonetic transcription. According to him, the endless repetition of the symbol {{angle bracket|{{IPA|ɒ}}}} in publications on BrE has given this vowel a familiarity out of all proportion to its scarcity in the world’s languages.[4]

Features

{{IPA vowels|class=floatright}}{{open vowel}}{{back vowel}}{{rounded vowel}}{{clear}}

Occurrence

Language Word IPA Meaning Notes
Afrikaans Wissing|2016|loc=section "The unrounded low-central vowel {{IPA|/a/}}"}}af|daar|italic=yes}}[dɒːr]}} 'there' [{{IPAplink|ɑː}} ~ {{IPAplink|ɑ|ɑ̟ː}}]}}.{{sfnp|Wissing|2016|loc=section "The unrounded low-central vowel {{IPA|/a/}}"}} See Afrikaans phonology
Assamese{{sfnp|Ladefoged|Maddieson|1996|pp=293–294}} পোট্ [pɒ̹t]}} 'to bury' ʊ|ʊ̞}}.{{sfnp|Mahanta|2012|p=220}}
CatalanRecasens|1996|pp=81, 130–131}}{{sfnp|Rafel|1999|p=14}}{{lang|ca|soc|italic=yes}}{{IPA|[ˈsɒk]}}'clog'Typically transcribed in IPA with {{angle bracket|{{IPA|ɔ}}}}. See Catalan phonology
Recasens|1996|pp=81, 130–131}}{{sfnp|Rafel|1999|p=14}}
Recasens|1996|pp=81, 130–131}}{{sfnp|Rafel|1999|p=14}}
Saborit|2009|pp=25–26}}ca|taula|italic=yes}}[ˈt̪ɑ̟wɫɒ̝]}} 'table' ɑ}}.
DutchCollins|Mees|2003|p=131}}{{lang|nl|bad|italic=yes}}{{IPA|[bɒ̝t]}}'bath'Near-open fully back; may be unrounded {{IPAblink|ɑ|ɑ̝}} instead.{{sfnp|Collins|Mees|2003|p=131}} It corresponds to {{IPAblink|ɑ}} in standard Dutch.
Collins|Mees|2003|p=131}}
Collins|Mees|2003|p=132}}nl|bot|italic=yes}}[bɒt]}} 'bone' Collins|Mees|2003|p=132}} for example those of Den Bosch and Groningen. It is open-mid {{IPAblink|ɔ}} in standard Dutch.
EnglishRoach|2004|p=242}}not{{IPA|[nɒt]}}'not'ɔ}}. See English phonology
Lodge|2009|p=163}}Lodge|2009|p=163}}
Lass|2002|p=115}}[nɒ̜̈t]}}Lass|2002|p=115}} Some younger speakers of the General variety may actually have a higher and fully unrounded vowel {{IPAblink|ʌ|ʌ̈}}.{{sfnp|Lass|2002|p=115}} See South African English phonology
General Americanthought{{Audio-IPA|En-us-thought.ogg|[θɒt]}}'thought'Vowel /ɔ(:)/ is lowered (Phonetic realization of /ɔ(:)/ is much lower in GA than in RP).

However "Short o" before r before a vowel (a short o sound followed by r and then another vowel, as in orange, forest, moral, and warrant) is realized as [oɹ~ɔɹ].

Inland Northern American[6] See Northern cities vowel shift
Sailaja|2009|pp=24–25}}[t̪ʰɒʈ]}}/ɒ/}} and {{IPA|/ɔː/}} differ entirely by length in Indian English.
Connolly|1990|p=125}}{{sfnp|Tench|1990|p=135}}[θɒːt]}}oː}} in northern dialects.
GermanDudenredaktion|Kleiner|Knöbl|2015|p=38}}de|Gourmand|italic=yes}}[ɡ̊ʊʁˈmɒ̃ː]}} 'gourmand' ɑ|ɑ̃ː}}.{{sfnp|Dudenredaktion|Kleiner|Knöbl|2015|p=38}} See Standard German phonology
Krech et al.|2009|p=263}}gsw|mane|italic=yes}}[ˈmɒːnə]}} 'remind' [ɒː]}} is in free variation with the unrounded {{IPAblink|ɑː}}.{{sfnp|Fleischer|Schmid|2006|p=248}}
Hungarian Szende|1994|p=92}}hu|magyar|italic=yes}}[ˈmɒ̜̽ɟɒ̜̽r]}} 'Hungarian'{{IPA|ɔ}}}}. Unrounded {{IPAblink|ɑ}} in some dialects.{{sfnp|Vago|1980|p=1}} See Hungarian phonology
Ibibio{{sfnp|Urua|2004|p=106}} dọ [dɒ̝́]}} 'marry' Urua|2004|p=106}} typically transcribed in IPA with {{angle bracket|{{IPA|ɔ}}}}.
Irish Ní Chasaide|1999|p=114}} ólann [ɒ̝ːɫ̪ən̪ˠ]}} '(he) drinks' Ní Chasaide|1999|p=114}} may be transcribed in IPA with {{angle bracket|{{IPA|ɔː}}}}.
Lehali{{sfnp|François|2011|p=194}}tql|dön̄|italic=yes}}[ⁿdɒ̝ŋ]}} 'yam' æ}} in a symmetrical vowel inventory.{{sfnp|François|2011|p=194}}
Lemerig{{sfnp|François|2011|pp=195, 208}}lrz|‘ān̄sār|italic=yes}}[ʔɒ̝ŋsɒ̝r]}} 'person' æ}} in a symmetrical vowel inventory.{{sfnp|François|2011|pp=195, 208}}
Limburgish Gussenhoven|Aarts|1999|pp=158–159}}li|plaots|italic=yes}}[plɒ̝ːts]}} 'place' {{IPA|ɔː}}}}.{{sfnp|Gussenhoven|Aarts|1999|pp=158–159}} Corresponds to {{IPAblink|ɔː}} in other dialects.
NorwegianVanvik|1979|pp=13, 17}}{{sfnp|Kvifte|Gude-Husken|2005|p=2}}no|topp|italic=yes}}[tʰɒ̝pː]}} 'top' Vanvik|1979|pp=13, 17}}{{sfnp|Kvifte|Gude-Husken|2005|p=2}} also described as close-mid back {{IPAblink|o}}.{{sfnp|Kristoffersen|2000|pp=16–17}} Typically transcribed in IPA with {{angle bracket|{{IPA|ɔ}}}}. See Norwegian phonology
Popperwell|2010|p=23}}no|hat|italic=yes}}[hɒ̜ːt]}} 'hate' Popperwell|2010|p=23}} See Norwegian phonology
Persianفارسی[fɒːɾˈsiː]'Persian'
Romanian Pop|1938|p=29}}ruo|cap}}[kɒp]}} 'head' ä}} in standard Romanian. See Romanian phonology
Slovak Kráľ|1988|p=54}}sk|a|italic=yes}}[ɒ]}} 'and' /a/}} as rounded.{{sfnp|Kráľ|1988|p=54}} See Slovak phonology
SwedishEngstrand|1999|pp=140–141}}{{sfnp|Riad|2014|pp=35–36}}{{lang|sv|jаg|italic=yes}}[jɒ̝ːɡ]}}'I'Engstrand|1999|pp=140–141}} Typically transcribed in IPA with {{angle bracket|{{IPA|ɑː}}}}. See Swedish phonology
Riad|2014|pp=35–36}}[jɒːɡ]}}Riad|2014|pp=35–36}}
Uzbek Standard[7]uz|choy|italic=yes}}[t͡ʃɒj]}} 'tea'
Vastese[8]date=November 2016}}
Yoruba{{sfnp|Bamgboṣe|1969|p=166}}date=July 2015}}{{IPA|ɔ}}}}.

See also

  • Turned a
  • Index of phonetics articles

Notes

1. ^{{Vowel terminology}}
2. ^Geoff Lindsey (2013) The vowel space, Speech Talk
3. ^{{Harvcoltxt|Hay|Maclagan|Gordon|2008|p=21}}. Note that some sources (e.g. {{Harvcoltxt|Bauer|Warren|Bardsley|Kennedy|2007|p=98}}) describe it as more central {{IPAblink|ɞ}} than back.
4. ^1 2 3 Geoff Lindsey (2012) Morgen — a suitable case for treatment, Speech Talk
5. ^{{Harvcoltxt|Wells|1982|p=293}}. According to this source, open-mid {{IPAblink|ɔː}} was the standard pronunciation in the 1930s.
6. ^{{citation |author=W. Labov, S. Ash and C. Boberg|year=1997|title=A national map of the regional dialects of American English|publisher=Department of Linguistics, University of Pennsylvania|url=http://www.ling.upenn.edu/phono_atlas/NationalMap/NationalMap.html|accessdate=May 27, 2013}}
7. ^{{cite book|last1=Sjoberg|first1=Andrée F.|title=Uzbek Structural Grammar|series=Uralic and Altaic Series|volume=18|date=1963|publisher=Indiana University|location=Bloomington|pages=17}}
8. ^{{cite web|title=Vastesi Language - Vastesi in the World|url=http://vastesiworld.org/culture/vastesi-language/|website=Vastesi in the World|accessdate=21 November 2016}}

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}}{{refend}}{{IPA navigation}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Open Back Rounded Vowel}}

3 : Open vowels|Back vowels|Rounded vowels
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