词条 | Albert Heard |
释义 |
Career in ChinaHeard was born on October{{nbsp}}4, 1833 in Ipswich, Massachusetts[2] and graduated from Yale University in 1853,[3] having submitted his thesis on the late medieval philosopher and reformer John Huss.[4] Thereafter he travelled to Canton (now known as Guangzhou), China to join the family firm of Augustine Heard & Co.[5] becoming a partner in 1856[6] and later managing partner. During his tenure as head of the firm, Heard fought off serious competition in the Yangtze River steamer trade from rival American firm Russell & Company.[7] Along with the three other Shanghai businessmen, R.C. Antrobus, James Whittal and Henry Dent, in 1860 Heard purchased 40 mu (about {{convert|24,000|m2}}) of land within the Shanghai Race Club for cricket and other sports.[8] He also later served as the Russian consul general in the city,[9] and as the representative of the Chinese government in Russia.[5] In 1887, he published The Russian church and Russian dissent, comprising orthodoxy, dissent, and erratic sects, covering multiple aspects of Russian orthodoxy.[10] In 1857, during the Second Opium War, Heard traveled from Shanghai to Hong Kong aboard the steamer Antelope.[5] Outside of business, Heard is known to have owned a collection of pictures by the early photographer Felice Beato.[11] Return to the USHeard left China in May 1873, having first conveyed a parcel of land at the corner of Aberdeen and Staunton Streets in Hong Kong to his "protected" Chinese woman,{{Cref2|A}} Lam Kew-fong.[12] Back in America, Heard married Mary Allen Livingstone.[13] He died on March{{nbsp}}26 1890 in Washington, D.C.[2] Notes{{Cnote2 Begin}}{{Cnote2|A|Defined as "a woman acquired by and living with a foreigner"[14]}}{{Cnote2 End}}References1. ^{{cite book |author=Liu Shiping |title=汇丰帝国 |trans-title=The HSBC Financial Empire |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=R4gXvgAACAAJ&pg=PT18 |year=2010 |publisher=Citic Publishing |isbn=978-7-5086-2035-0 |language=zh |pages=18–19}} {{Foreign trade in Imperial China}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Heard, Albert F.}}2. ^1 {{cite book|author=Yale University|title=Obituary Record of Graduates of Yale University ... Presented at the Annual Meeting of the Alumni|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jlcdAQAAIAAJ|year=1880|page=582}} 3. ^{{Cite web|url=http://oasis.lib.harvard.edu/oasis/deliver/~bak00166|title=Heard, Elizabeth, 1802–1865. Elizabeth Heard Papers, 1829–1864: A Finding Aid|publisher=OASIS, Harvard University|year=2011| accessdate=May 29, 2014}} 4. ^{{Cite book|title=Order of Exercises, Yale College, July 23, 1853|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zT9cAAAAcAAJ|year=1853|accessdate=June 2, 2014|last1=University|first1=Yale}} 5. ^1 2 {{Cite web|url=http://ee.stanford.edu/~gray/poisoning.pdf|title=Poisoning by Wholesale: A Reminiscence of China Life|author=Albert Farley Heard|publisher=Stanford University|accessdate=29 May 2014}} 6. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.library.hbs.edu/hc/heard/treaty-ports-compradors.html|title=After the Opium War: Treaty Ports and Compradores|publisher=Historical Collections Exhibit, Harvard Business School|accessdate=May 29, 2014}} 7. ^{{Cite journal|title=Administering a Steam-Navigation Company in China, 1862–1867|journal=The Business History Review|author=Kwang-Ching Liu|volume=29|pages=157–188|number=2|date=June 1955|publisher=Harvard College|jstor=3111385}} 8. ^{{Cite web|url=http://jds.cass.cn/Item/5713.aspx|title=A Short History of Shanghai|publisher=Institute of Chinese History, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences|date=4 March 2007}} 9. ^{{cite web | url=http://www.bris.ac.uk/history/customs/ancestors/1862chinadirectory.pdf | title=China Directory 1862 | publisher=Hong Kong: A. Shortrede & Co. | date=1862 | accessdate=29 May 2014 | page = 45}} 10. ^{{Cite web|url=https://archive.org/details/russianchurchan01heargoog|title=The Russian church and Russian dissent, comprising orthodoxy, dissent, and erratic sects|author=Albert Farley Heard|location=New York|publisher=Harper & Brothers|year=1887|accessdate=29 May 2014}} 11. ^{{cite book|author1=David Harris|author2=Felice Beato|title=Of battle and beauty: Felice Beato's photographs of China|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KvDbAAAAMAAJ|year=1999|publisher=Santa Barbara Museum of Art|page=132}} 12. ^{{cite book|author=Helen F. Siu|title=Merchants' Daughters: Women, Commerce, and Regional Culture in South China|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gM9cMIxjoVcC|year=2010|publisher=Hong Kong University Press|isbn=978-988-8083-48-0|page=135}} 13. ^{{Cite web|url=http://socialarchive.iath.virginia.edu/ark:/99166/w65f1hz0|title=Heard, Albert Farley, 1833-1890|publisher=Social Archive at the University of Virginia|accessdate=2 June 2014}} 14. ^{{cite journal|journal=The China Journal|volume=36|number=36|date=July 1996|title=Women & Chinese Patriarchy: Submission, Servitude and Escape|last1=Jaschok|first1=Maria|last2=Miers|first2=Suzanne|doi=10.2307/2950419|pages=232–234|jstor=2950419}} 7 : 1833 births|1890 deaths|People from Ipswich, Massachusetts|History of foreign trade in China|Yale University alumni|HSBC people|American expatriates in China |
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