| 词条 | Operation Danny | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
| conflict = Operation Dani | partof = 1948 Arab–Israeli War | image=LyddaAirportCapture.png | image_size=300px | caption=The strategically important airport at Lydda following its capture by the IDF in July 1948 | date= July 9–19, 1948 | coordinates = | place = East of Tel Aviv | result = IDF succeed in capturing Ramle, Lydda and surrounding villages. Failed to capture Latrun | combatant1 = {{flag|Israel}} (IDF) | combatant2 = {{flagicon|Jordan}} Transjordan (Arab Legion) | commander1 ={{flagicon|Israel}} Yigal Alon {{flagicon|Israel}} Yitzhak Rabin | commander2 = {{flagicon|Jordan}} Glubb Pasha | strength1 = 6,000 | strength2 = | casualties1 = | casualties2 = }}Operation Danny ({{lang-he-n|מבצע דני}}, Mivtza Dani) was an Israeli military offensive launched at the end of the first truce of the 1948 Arab–Israeli War. The objectives were to capture territory east of Tel Aviv and then to push inland and relieve the Jewish population and forces in Jerusalem. The main forces fighting against the IDF were the Arab Legion and Palestinian irregulars[1] It took place on July 9–19, 1948, being launched at the end of the first truce. On 10 July, Glubb Pasha ordered the defending Arab Legion troops to "make arrangements...for a phony war".[2] The operation commander was Yigal Allon and his deputy was Yitzhak Rabin. The total force numbered around 6,000 soldiers.[3] NameThe operation was named after Palmach officer Daniel "Dani" Mass, who had fallen on January 16, 1948 while commanding a relief action known as "Convoy of 35".{{Citation needed|date=August 2018}} ObjectivesThe first phase of Operation Dani was to capture the cities of Lydda and Ramle, located on the road to Jerusalem, southeast of Tel Aviv. Ramle was one of the main obstacles blocking Jewish transportation.[4] From the start of the war, Lydda and Ramle militiamen had attacked Jewish traffic on nearby roads.[5] Ramle became a focal point for blocking Jewish transportation, forcing traffic from Jerusalem to Tel Aviv to a southern bypass.[6] The second phase was to capture the fort at Latrun and break through Ramallah. The operation was carried out under Palmach command using the Yiftach Brigade, the Harel Brigade, the 8th Armored Brigade and two battalions from the Kiryati and Alexandroni brigades. Lydda and Ramle{{main article|1948 Palestinian exodus from Lydda and Ramle}}On 9 July units from the Yiftach Brigade began approaching Ramle from the south. At the same time troops from the other brigades began attacking villages north of Lydda. Caught in a pincer movement and with only a token Arab Legion presence the two towns were captured the following day. This put Lydda airport and the strategic railway station at Ramle in Israeli hands. Two days after the capture of Lydda and Ramle only a few hundred of the 50,000 to 70,000 residents remained in the two towns. Latrun{{main article|Battles of Latrun (1948)}}The second phase of the operation failed after several costly attacks on Arab Legion positions at Latrun and the threat of a UN-imposed cease-fire.[7] CasualtiesThe Palmach record the names of ninety-one of its members killed during this Operation. Forty-four were killed at Khirbet Kurikur on 18 July 1948. Seven were killed in the capture of Lydda.[8] Palestinian Arab communities captured(Most of the villages were systematically destroyed shortly after capture){{citation needed|date=May 2015}}
Units
See also
References1. ^Chaim Herzog, 'The Arab-Israeli Wars' {{ISBN|0-85368-367-0}} (1982). page 80: 'A blow against the Arab Legion was the essence of Operation 'Danny' planned as the main Israeli offensive to be mounted on the resumption of hostilities.' 2. ^{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CC7381HrLqcC&pg=PA287|title=1948|publisher=}} 3. ^Kimche, Jon and David (1960) A Clash of Destinies. The Arab-Jewish War and the Founding of the State of Israel. Frederick A. Praeger. Library of Congress number 60-6996. Page 225:"largest force yet assembled under one Israeli." 4. ^Golan, Arnon. "Lydda and Ramle: from Palestinian-Arab to Israeli towns, 1948-67," Middle Eastern Studies, October 1, 2003 5. ^Morris 2004, p. 424 6. ^[https://web.archive.org/web/20121105040320/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-111203784.html Lydda and Ramle: from Palestinian-Arab to Israeli towns, 1948-67]. by Golan, Arnon 7. ^Herzog, page 82. 8. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.palmach.org.il/show_item.asp?itemId=8519&levelId=42855&itemType=0|title=פלמ"ח|publisher=}} 9. ^Herzog, page 80. 10. ^Moshe Dayan, 'My Life.' {{ISBN|0-688-03076-9}} (1976). Page 103. External links{{commonscatinline}}{{Israeli operations in the 1948 war}} 2 : Battles and operations of the 1948 Arab–Israeli War|July 1948 events |
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