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词条 Operation Emery
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{{Use mdy dates|date=November 2018}}{{Infobox nuclear weapons test
|name = Operation Emery
|picture = Operation_Emery_-_Baneberry.jpg
|picture_description = Unexpected venting from the Baneberry nuclear test
|country = United States
|test_site = {{plainlist|
  • NTS Area 12, Rainier Mesa
  • NTS, Areas 1-4, 6-10, Yucca Flat}}

|period = 1970-1971
|number_of_tests = 16
|test_type = underground shaft, underground tunnel
|max_yield = {{convert|220|ktTNT|lk=in}}
|previous_series = Operation Mandrel
|next_series = Operation Grommet
}}{{GeoGroup|article=Operation Emery}}

The United States's Emery nuclear test series[1] was a group of 16 nuclear weapons tests conducted in 1970-1971. These tests [1] followed the Operation Mandrel series and preceded the Operation Grommet series.

The underground Baneberry test vented into the atmosphere. For descriptions, see Yucca Flat#Baneberry and List of military nuclear accidents#1970s

{{See also|List of nuclear weapons tests of the United States}}
United States' Emery series tests and detonations
Name [2]Date time (UT)Local time zone [3][4]Location [5]Elevation + height [6]Delivery [7]
Purpose [8]		Device [9]Yield [10]Fallout [11]ReferencesNotes
Scree-Acajou - 1{{anchor>Scree-Acajou1970|10|13}} 15:05:00.02PST (-8 hrs)
37.1374|-116.03491|name=Scree-Acajou - 1|display=inline}}001019|}}{{convert|1269|m|abbr=on}} - {{convert|249.33|m|abbr=on}} underground shaft,
weapons development		{{sort|000010000|1 kt}}11|Ci|GBq|abbr=on}} [1][14][15][16][17][18] Simultaneous, separate holes.
Scree-Alhambra - 2{{anchor>Scree-Alhambra1970|10|13}} 15:05:00.02PST (-8 hrs)
37.13406|-116.0324|name=Scree-Alhambra - 2|display=inline}}001081|}}{{convert|1273|m|abbr=on}} - {{convert|192|m|abbr=on}} underground shaft,
weapons development		{{sort|000020000|2 kt}} Venting detected on site [1][14][15][17][18][24] Simultaneous, separate holes.
Scree-Chamois - 3{{anchor>Scree-Chamois1970|10|13}} 15:05:00.02PST (-8 hrs)
37.13733|-116.03217|name=Scree-Chamois - 3|display=inline}}001275|}}{{convert|1275|m|abbr=on}} + underground shaft,
safety experiment		{{sort|000000000|less than 20 kt}} Venting detected on site [1][14][17][18] Simultaneous, separate holes.
Tijeras{{anchor>Tijeras1970|10|14}} 14:30:00.04PST (-8 hrs)
37.07085|-116.00566|name=Tijeras|display=inline}}000688|}}{{convert|1249|m|abbr=on}} - {{convert|560.62|m|abbr=on}} underground shaft,
weapons development		{{sort|000890000|89 kt}} [1][17][18][32][33]
Truchas-Chacon - 1{{anchor>Truchas-Chacon1970|10|28}} 14:30:00.03PST (-8 hrs)
37.01401|-116.01867|name=Truchas-Chacon - 1|display=inline}}001063|}}{{convert|1182|m|abbr=on}} - {{convert|118.38|m|abbr=on}} underground shaft,
safety experiment		{{sort|000000000|unknown yield}} Venting detected on site [1][14][17][18] Simultaneous, separate holes.
Truchas-Chamisal - 2{{anchor>Truchas-Chamisal1970|10|28}} 14:30:00.04PST (-8 hrs)
37.01398|-116.01799|name=Truchas-Chamisal - 2|display=inline}}001064|}}{{convert|1182|m|abbr=on}} - {{convert|118|m|abbr=on}} underground shaft,
safety experiment		{{sort|000000000|unknown yield}}3|Ci|GBq|abbr=on}} [1][14][15][17][18] Simultaneous, separate holes.
Truchas-Rodarte - 3{{anchor>Truchas-Rodarte1970|10|28}} 14:30:00.04PST (-8 hrs)
37.01479|-116.02007|name=Truchas-Rodarte - 3|display=inline}}001183|}}{{convert|1183|m|abbr=on}} + underground shaft,
weapons development		{{sort|000080000|8 kt}} Venting detected on site [1][14][17][18] Simultaneous, separate holes.
Abeytas{{anchor>Abeytas1970|11|5}} 15:00:00.04PST (-8 hrs)
37.02947|-116.01244|name=Abeytas|display=inline}}000794|}}{{convert|1188|m|abbr=on}} - {{convert|393.46|m|abbr=on}} underground shaft,
weapons development		{{sort|000200000|20 kt}} [1][17][18][32][33]
Penasco{{anchor>Penasco1970|11|19}} 15:00:00.04PST (-8 hrs)
37.01474|-116.01665|name=Penasco|display=inline}}000912|}}{{convert|1183|m|abbr=on}} - {{convert|270.92|m|abbr=on}} underground shaft,
weapons development		{{sort|000020000|2 kt}} [1][16][17][18][24]
Carrizozo - 1 (with Corazon){{anchor>Carrizozo1970|12|3}} 15:07:00.0PST (-8 hrs)
37.00608|-116.04079|name=Carrizozo - 1|display=inline}}001183|}}{{convert|1183|m|abbr=on}} + underground shaft,
weapons development		{{sort|000000000|less than 20 kt}} [1][17][18]
Corazon - 2 (with Corrizozo){{anchor>Corazon1970|12|3}} 15:07:00.04PST (-8 hrs)
37.00202|-116.03865|name=Corazon - 2|display=inline}}000938|}}{{convert|1180|m|abbr=on}} - {{convert|241.12|m|abbr=on}} underground shaft,
weapons development		{{sort|000001000|100 t}} [1][16][17][18]
Artesia{{anchor>Artesia1970|12|16}} 16:00:00.09PST (-8 hrs)
37.10012|-116.00881|name=Artesia|display=inline}}000817|}}{{convert|1302|m|abbr=on}} - {{convert|484.83|m|abbr=on}} underground shaft,
weapons development		{{sort|000450000|45 kt}} [1][17][18][33]
Avens-Alkermes - 2{{anchor>Avens-Alkermes1970|12|16}} 16:00:00.17PST (-8 hrs)
37.13737|-116.03903|name=Avens-Alkermes - 2|display=inline}}001262|}}{{convert|1262|m|abbr=on}} + underground shaft,
weapons development		{{sort|000040000|4 kt}} Venting detected on site [1][14][17][18] Simultaneous, separate holes.
Avens-Andorre - 1{{anchor>Avens-Andorre1970|12|16}} 16:00:00.17PST (-8 hrs)
37.14173|-116.04053|name=Avens-Andorre - 1|display=inline}}001264|}}{{convert|1264|m|abbr=on}} + underground shaft,
weapons development		{{sort|000040000|4 kt}} Venting detected on site [1][14][17][18] Simultaneous, separate holes.
Avens-Asamite - 3{{anchor>Avens-Asamite1970|12|16}} 16:00:00.17PST (-8 hrs)
37.13406|-116.03632|name=Avens-Asamite - 3|display=inline}}001264|}}{{convert|1264|m|abbr=on}} + underground shaft,
weapons development		{{sort|000040000|4 kt}} Venting detected on site [1][14][17][18] Simultaneous, separate holes.
Avens-Cream - 4{{anchor>Avens-Cream1970|12|16}} 16:00:00.17PST (-8 hrs)
37.1428|-116.03502|name=Avens-Cream - 4|display=inline}}000978|}}{{convert|1271|m|abbr=on}} - {{convert|292.91|m|abbr=on}} underground shaft,
weapons development		{{sort|000200000|20 kt}}66|Ci|GBq|abbr=on}} [1][14][15][17][18][33] Simultaneous, separate holes.
Canjilon{{anchor>Canjilon1970|12|16}} 16:00:00.05PST (-8 hrs)
37.07247|-116.02586|name=Canjilon|display=inline}}000924|}}{{convert|1227|m|abbr=on}} - {{convert|302.19|m|abbr=on}} underground shaft,
weapons development		{{sort|000000000|less than 20 kt}} [1][17][18]
Carpetbag{{anchor>Carpetbag1970|12|17}} 16:05:00.16PST (-8 hrs)
37.12931|-116.08365|name=Carpetbag|display=inline}}000622|}}{{convert|1284|m|abbr=on}} - {{convert|661.42|m|abbr=on}} underground shaft,
weapons development		{{sort|002200000|220 kt}}5|Ci|GBq|abbr=on}} [1][14][15][17][18][33]
Baneberry{{anchor>Baneberry1970|12|18}} 15:30:00.2PST (-8 hrs)
37.17309|-116.09973|name=Baneberry|display=inline}}001089|}}{{convert|1367|m|abbr=on}} - {{convert|277.98|m|abbr=on}} underground shaft,
weapons development		{{sort|000100000|10 kt}}6.7|MCi|PBq|abbr=on}} [1][14][15][17][18][33][101]6.7|MCi|abbr=on}} escaped radioactivity in this test.
Embudo{{anchor>Embudo1971|6|16}} 14:50:00.04PST (-8 hrs)
37.03318|-116.01435|name=Embudo|display=inline}}000887|}}{{convert|1191|m|abbr=on}} - {{convert|303.06|m|abbr=on}} underground shaft,
weapons development		{{sort|000180000|18 kt}} [1][16][17][18][33]
Dexter{{anchor>Dexter1971|6|23}} 14:00:00.04PST (-8 hrs)
37.01319|-116.01716|name=Dexter|display=inline}}001062|}}{{convert|1182|m|abbr=on}} - {{convert|119.94|m|abbr=on}} underground shaft,
safety experiment		{{sort|000000000|less than 20 kt}} [1][17][18]
Laguna{{anchor>Laguna1971|6|23}} 15:30:00.04PST (-8 hrs)
37.02195|-116.02345|name=Laguna|display=inline}}000731|}}{{convert|1186|m|abbr=on}} - {{convert|454.92|m|abbr=on}} underground shaft,
weapons development		{{sort|000200000|20 kt}} [1][17][18][32][33]
Harebell{{anchor>Harebell1971|6|24}} 14:00:00.16PST (-8 hrs)
37.14665|-116.0677|name=Harebell|display=inline}}000768|}}{{convert|1287|m|abbr=on}} - {{convert|518.77|m|abbr=on}} underground shaft,
weapons development		{{sort|000380000|38 kt}}840|Ci|GBq|abbr=on}} [1][14][15][17][18][33]
Camphor{{anchor>Camphor1971|6|29}} 18:30:00.16PST (-8 hrs)
37.17673|-116.21237|name=Camphor|display=inline}}001865|}}{{convert|2289|m|abbr=on}} - {{convert|423.67|m|abbr=on}} underground tunnel,
weapon effect		{{sort|000200000|20 kt}}220|Ci|GBq|abbr=on}} [1][14][15][17][18]
1. ^A bomb test may be a salvo test, defined as two or more explosions "where a period of time between successive individual explosions does not exceed 5 seconds and where the burial points of all explosive devices can be connected by segments of straight lines, each of them connecting two burial points and does not exceed 40 kilometers in length". {{cite journal|first=V. N., Editor in Chief|last=Mikhailov|title=Catalog of World Wide Nuclear Testing|publisher=Begell-Atom, LLC|url=http://www.iss-atom.ru/ksenia/catal_nt/1.htm|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140426102201/http://www.iss-atom.ru/ksenia/catal_nt/1.htm|archivedate=April 26, 2014|df=}}
2. ^The US, France and Great Britain have code-named their test events, while the USSR and China did not, and therefore have only test numbers (with some exceptions – Soviet peaceful explosions were named). Word translations into English in parentheses unless the name is a proper noun. A dash followed by a number indicates a member of a salvo event. The US also sometimes named the individual explosions in such a salvo test, which results in "name1 – 1(with name2)". If test is canceled or aborted, then the row data like date and location discloses the intended plans, where known.
3. ^To convert the UT time into standard local, add the number of hours in parentheses to the UT time; for local daylight saving time, add one additional hour. If the result is earlier than 00:00, add 24 hours and subtract 1 from the day; if it is 24:00 or later, subtract 24 hours and add 1 to the day. All historical timezone data are derived from here:
4. ^{{cite web |title=Timezone Historical Database |publisher=iana.com |url=http://www.ietf.org/timezones/ |accessdate=March 8, 2014}}
5. ^Rough place name and a latitude/longitude reference; for rocket-carried tests, the launch location is specified before the detonation location, if known. Some locations are extremely accurate; others (like airdrops and space blasts) may be quite inaccurate. "~" indicates a likely pro-forma rough location, shared with other tests in that same area.
6. ^Elevation is the ground level at the point directly below the explosion relative to sea level; height is the additional distance added or subtracted by tower, balloon, shaft, tunnel, air drop or other contrivance. For rocket bursts the ground level is "N/A". In some cases it is not clear if the height is absolute or relative to ground, for example, Plumbbob/John. No number or units indicates the value is unknown, while "0" means zero. Sorting on this column is by elevation and height added together.
7. ^Atmospheric, airdrop, balloon, gun, cruise missile, rocket, surface, tower, and barge are all disallowed by the Partial Nuclear Test Ban Treaty. Sealed shaft and tunnel are underground, and remained useful under the PTBT. Intentional cratering tests are borderline; they occurred under the treaty, were sometimes protested, and generally overlooked if the test was declared to be a peaceful use.
8. ^Include weapons development, weapon effects, safety test, transport safety test, war, science, joint verification and industrial/peaceful, which may be further broken down.
9. ^Designations for test items where known, "?" indicates some uncertainty about the preceding value, nicknames for particular devices in quotes. This category of information is often not officially disclosed.
10. ^Estimated energy yield in tons, kilotons, or megatons. A ton of TNT equivalent is defined as 4.184 gigajoules (1 gigacalorie).
11. ^Radioactive emission to the atmosphere aside from prompt neutrons, where known. The measured species is only iodine-131 if mentioned, otherwise it is all species. No entry means unknown, probably none if underground and "all" if not; otherwise notation for whether measured on the site only or off the site, where known, and the measured amount of radioactivity released.
12. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 {{citation |last1=Yang |first1=Xiaoping |first2=Robert |last2=North |first3=Carl |last3=Romney |date=August 2000 |title=CMR Nuclear Explosion Database (Revision 3) |publisher=SMDC Monitoring Research}}
13. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 {{citation |publisher=Sandia National Laboratories |date=July 1, 1994 |title=Official list of underground nuclear explosions |url=http://nuclearweaponarchive.org/Usa/Tests/Nevada.html |accessdate=December 18, 2013}}
14. ^1 2 3 4 {{citation |last1=Norris |first1=Robert Standish |first2=Thomas B. |last2=Cochran |date=February 1, 1994 |title=United States nuclear tests, July 1945 to 31 December 1992 (NWD 94-1) |journal=Nuclear Weapons Databook Working Paper |publisher=Natural Resources Defense Council |location=Washington, DC |url=http://docs.nrdc.org/nuclear/files/nuc_02019401a_121.pdf |accessdate=October 26, 2013 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131029194805/http://docs.nrdc.org/nuclear/files/nuc_02019401a_121.pdf |archivedate=October 29, 2013 |df=}}
15. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 {{citation |publisher=DOE Nevada Operations Office |date=August 1996 |title=Radiological Effluents Released from U.S. Continental Tests 1961 Through 1992 (DOE/NV-317 Rev. 1) |url=http://www.nv.doe.gov/library/publications/historical/DOENV_317.pdf |accessdate=October 31, 2013 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131103041622/http://www.nv.doe.gov/library/publications/historical/DOENV_317.pdf |archivedate=November 3, 2013 |df=}}
16. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 {{citation |url=http://www.cancer.gov/i131/fallout/Chapter2.pdf |accessdate=January 5, 2014 |title=Estimated exposures and thyroid doses received by the American people from Iodine-131 in fallout following Nevada atmospheric nuclear bomb tests, Chapter 2 |publisher=National Cancer Institute |year=1997}}
17. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 {{citation |publisher=Department of Energy, Nevada Operations Office |date=December 1, 2000 |title=United States Nuclear Tests: July 1945 through September 1992 |type=DOE/NV-209 REV15 |location=Las Vegas, NV |url=http://www.nv.doe.gov/library/publications/historical/DOENV_209_REV15.pdf |accessdate=December 18, 2013 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20061012160826/http://www.nv.doe.gov/library/publications/historical/DOENV_209_REV15.pdf |archivedate=October 12, 2006 |df=}}
18. ^1 2 {{citation |publisher=Defense Nuclear Agency, Department of Defense |location=Washington, DC |title=Operation Argus, 1958 |type=DNA6039F |url=http://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uiug.30112075683737;view=1up;seq=11 |accessdate=November 26, 2013}}
19. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 {{citation |last=Bolt |first=Bruce A. |year=1976 |title=Nuclear Explosions and Earthquakes: The Parted Veil |publisher=W.H. Freeman and Co. |location=San Francisco, CA}}
20. ^1 2 3 {{citation |last1=Hechanova |first1=Anthony E. |first2=James E. |last2=O'Donnell |date=September 25, 1998 |title=Estimates of yield for nuclear tests impacting the groundwater at the Nevada Test Site |publisher=Nuclear Science and Technology Division}}
21. ^1 {{citation |url=http://www.nuclearweaponarchive.org/Usa/Tests |accessdate=January 6, 2014 |last=Sublette |first=Carey |title=Nuclear Weapons Archive}}

References

{{Reflist|25em|refs=[12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21]
}}{{Nuclear weapons tests of the United States}}

6 : Nevada Test Site nuclear explosive tests|1970 in military history|1971 in military history|1970 in Nevada|1971 in Nevada|1971 in the environment
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