| 词条 | Operation Prime Chance |
| 释义 |
|conflict=Operation Prime Chance |partof=Iran–Iraq War |image=PrimeChanceWimbrown7PatrolBoat.jpg |image_size=300px |caption=A U.S. Navy crewman stands atop the cabin of a PB Mark III patrol boat tied up to the oil rig service barge Wimbrown VII in the northern Persian Gulf. From lower to upper right, the barge is armed with a .50-caliber M2 machine gun, an 81 mm Mark 2 mortar, and a 40 mm Mk 19 grenade launcher. |date=August 1987 – June 1989 |place=Persian Gulf |casus=Mining of the U.S.-flagged Kuwaiti oil tanker Bridgeton. |territory= |result=United States victory |combatant1={{flagicon|United States}} United States |combatant2={{flagicon|Iran}} Iran |combatant3= |commander1= |commander2= |commander3= |strength1= |strength2= |strength3= |casualties1= None |casualties2= 5 killed, 26 captured (during raid on Iran Ajr only)[1] Other parts of the operation are not included in this number |casualties3= |notes= }}{{Campaignbox Iran-Iraq War}} Operation Prime Chance (August 1987 – June 1989) was a United States Special Operations Command operation intended to protect U.S.-flagged oil tankers from Iranian attack during the Iran–Iraq War. The operation took place roughly at the same time as Operation Earnest Will (July 1987 – December 1988), the largely naval effort to escort the tankers through the Persian Gulf. The operation was begun after the mining of the U.S.-flagged Kuwaiti oil tanker Bridgeton. OverviewThe two operations were intertwined—United States Army helicopters flew nighttime search-and-destroy missions from Navy frigates and destroyers and from two leased barges in the northern Persian Gulf. Navy SEALs and explosive ordnance disposal operated from the barges as well. But while Earnest Will was the widely publicized reaction to Kuwaiti pleas for help, Prime Chance was secret. The army helicopters flew at night, slipping to and from navy flight decks under cover of darkness. The helicopter pilots often flew some {{convert|30|ft|m}} above the water, and became the first to use night vision goggles and forward looking infrared devices in combat. Tactics included using MH-6 Little Birds as spotters for the more heavily armed AH-6s (for barge-launched missions), and using the warship's radar and that of their SH-60 Seahawk helicopters for the same purpose (on ship-launched efforts).[2] Planning{{refimprove section|date=January 2013}}Planning and preparation for Prime Chance was launched soon after a tanker on the very first Earnest Will convoy struck a mine, which made it clear that more forces would be necessary to assure the safety of the civilian vessels. The Joint Chiefs of Staff launched a search for helicopter pilots who could fly at night from navy ships, then set out to train them for the special requirements of the job. Helicopters from the army's 160th Special Operations Aviation Regiment (Airborne) reached the navy's command ship {{USS|La Salle|AGF-3|2}} in the Persian Gulf on 5 August 1987. The detachment was divided into two teams, with call sign SEABAT and one MH-6 Little Bird, two AH-6s, aircrew, and maintainers. On 8 August, one detachment participated in a convoy escort mission aboard La Salle. The other flew onto the frigate {{USS|Klakring|FFG-42|2}} to protect minesweepers operating in the narrow shipping channel west of Farsi Island. The following day, the La Salle detachment transferred to the frigate {{USS|Jarrett|FFG-33|2}} and escorted the convoy to the Gulf of Oman. ExecutionSoon afterward, operations began from the barges, dubbed Mobile Sea Bases (MSBs). They were set up as naval special warfare task units (NSWTU) run by a SEAL commander and answering to the regional naval special warfare task group. Their mission was to stop Iranian forces from mining the Persian Gulf or otherwise attacking shipping. Each mobile sea base had two detachments of Mark III patrol boats, a SEAL platoon, an EOD detachment, Marines to provide security, army MH-6 and AH-6 Little Bird helicopter gunships and Black Hawk rescue birds, and air force combat controllers. Mobile Sea Base Hercules was manned by east coast naval special warfare units, including Patrol Boats 777 and 758 from Special Boat Unit 20 and Special Boat Unit 24. Mobile Sea Base Wimbrown 7 was manned by West Coast units, including Patrol Boats 753 and 757 from Special Boat Unit 13 and Patrol Boats 775 and 776 from Special Boat Unit 12.[3] On 21 September 1987, Iran Ajr, an Iranian ship converted for use as a minelayer was attacked. Using night-vision devices, army gunship crews watched the Iranian vessel lay several mines, then swooped in firing miniguns and rockets. A SEAL team boarded the vessel and quickly seized it. During the attack, five Iranians were killed and 26 were captured. Several Iranian sailors were rescued from the waters of the Persian Gulf after jumping overboard during the attack. After collecting intelligence data the SEALs and EOD scuttled the vessel the following day.[4] In January 1988, Task Force 118 arrived with OH-58D Kiowa Warrior helicopters. Earnest Will ended about five months after the Iran-Iraq ceasefire began in July 1988. Wimbrown 7 soon returned to port, but Prime Chance patrols continued from Hercules until June 1989.[3] UnitsShips involved in Prime Chance include:
Units involved in Prime Chance include:
References1. ^"Caught In The Act" TIME. 5 October 1987. 2. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.nightstalkers.com/history/4.html |title=Night Stalker History – Operations Earnest Will and Prime Chance |publisher=Nightstalkers.com |accessdate=19 May 2011}} 3. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.warboats.org/persiangulf.htm |title=The History of the boats in the Persian Gulf |publisher=Warboats.org |accessdate=19 May 2011}} 4. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.navybook.com/nohigherhonor/pic-iranajr.shtml |title=No Higher Honor: Photos: Capture of the Iran Ajr |publisher=Navybook.com |accessdate=19 May 2011}} 5. ^1 2 3 {{cite web |url= http://www.defensemedianetwork.com/stories/ussocoms-first-test-of-fire-operations-prime-chance-and-praying-mantis/ |title= Operations Prime Chance and Praying Mantis: USSOCOM’S First Test of Fire |first= Dwight Jon |last= Zimmerman |date= June 27, 2013 }} 6. ^{{cite book | title=No Higher Honor | publisher=Naval Institute Press | author=Peniston, Bradley | year=2006 | location=Annapolis | pages=99 | isbn=1-59114-661-5}} 7. ^1 2 {{cite journal | url=http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA403506 | title=Joint Special Operations in Support of Earnest Will | author=Crist, David M. | journal=Joint Forces Quarterly | date=Winter 2001–2002 | issue=29}} 8. ^{{Cite web |url=http://photos.usni.org/content/527882jpg |title=527882.jpg |date=2013 |website=U.S. Naval Institute Photo Archives |access-date=2017-09-23}} Further reading
| title= Better Lucky than Good: Operation Earnest Will as Gunboat Diplomacy | last= Kelley | first= Stephen Andrew | date= June 2007 | publisher=Naval Postgraduate School | location= Monterey, Calif. | oclc= 156993037 | url= https://calhoun.nps.edu/handle/10945/3463 }} Thesis paper.
| author=Magnuson, Ed | date = 19 October 1987 | title = We Engaged | journal=TIME | url = http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,965751-1,00.html | accessdate =22 July 2009}} About the "Battle of Farsi Island" engagements of early October 1987.
| title= Special Operations Forces in Operation EARNEST WILL/PRIME CHANCE I | last= Partin | first= John W. |author2=U.S. Special Operations Command |authorlink2=United States Special Operations Command | date= April 1998 | publisher=U.S. Special Operations Command, History and Research Office | location= MacDill AFB, Fla. | oclc= 39138636 }}
| author=Peniston, Bradley | title=No Higher Honor: Saving the USS Samuel B. Roberts in the Persian Gulf | url=http://www.navybook.com/nohigherhonor | location=Annapolis, Md. | publisher=Naval Institute Press | year=2006 |isbn=1-59114-661-5}} (Briefly discusses TF118 operations from a U.S. Navy frigate)
| title= Inside the Navy Seals | last= Stubblefield | first= Gary |author2=Hans Halberstadt | year= 1995 | publisher=Motorbooks International | location= Osceola, Wis. | isbn= 0-7603-0178-6 }}
| title= Mobile Sea Base Hercules In The Northern Persian Gulf: Beirut Barracks II? | last= Wikul | first= Commander Peter I. | url= http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/library/report/1995/WPI.htm | year= 1995 | publisher=United States Navy; Globalsecurity.org (reprint) | accessdate=23 July 2009}}
| author=Wise, Harold Lee | title=Inside the Danger Zone: The U.S. Military in the Persian Gulf 1987–88 | publisher=Naval Institute Press | location=Annapolis, Md. | year=2007 | isbn=1-59114-970-3 | url= http://www.insidethedangerzone.com}} External links{{commons category}}
10 : Conflicts in 1987|Conflicts in 1988|Conflicts in 1989|20th-century military history of the United States|Operations involving American special forces|Military operations involving the United States|Iran–United States relations|Military operations of the Iran–Iraq War|Naval battles of the Iran–Iraq War involving the United States|United States Marine Corps in the 20th century |
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