| 词条 | Operation Tupac |
| 释义 |
The designation is derived from Tupac Amaru II, the 18th-century revolutionary who led the war of liberation in Peru against the Spanish rule.[4] The program is thought to be active as the ISI is currently engaged in covertly supporting the Kashmiri separatist, Islamists and militants in their fight against the Indian authorities in Kashmir.[4] The objectives of Operation Tupac were; a) to disintegrate India; b) to utilize the spy network to act as an instrument of sabotage; c) to exploit porous borders with Nepal and Bangladesh to set up bases and conduct operations.[1][5] ISI was reported to have spent ₨. 2.4 crore per month to sponsor its activities in Kashmir.[1] Though all the militant groups received funding the Pro Pakistani groups were reportedly favored.[1] Under this program, the ISI helped create 6 militant groups in Kashmir including Lashkar-e-Taiba.[2][6] American Intelligence officials believe ISI continues to provide protection and share intelligence with Lashkar-e-Taiba.[6] See also
References1. ^1 2 3 {{cite web |url = https://fas.org/irp/world/pakistan/isi/ |title = Directorate for Inter-Services Intelligence |publisher = Federation of American Scientists |author = John Pike |date = 25 July 2002 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080515131913/http://www.fas.org/irp/world/pakistan/isi/ |archive-date=15 May 2008}} {{Kashmir conflict}}{{Inter-Services Intelligence}}{{Military of Pakistan}}{{mil-hist-stub}}2. ^1 {{citation |author=Juan Cole |url=http://www.salon.com/opinion/feature/2008/12/12/pakistan/index.html |title=Does Obama understand his biggest foreign-policy challenge? |newspaper=Salon |date=12 December 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090215102510/http://www.salon.com/opinion/feature/2008/12/12/pakistan/index.html |archive-date=2009-02-15}} 3. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.jamestown.org/fileadmin/JamestownContent/Book_Images/TM_007_1.pdf |title=India's Sikh Militants Forming Ties with Lashkar-e-Taiba and Pakistani Intelligence |author=Mukhtar Khan |publisher=The Jamestown Foundation |date=9 January 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120829024908/http://www.jamestown.org/fileadmin/JamestownContent/Book_Images/TM_007_1.pdf |archive-date=2012-08-29 |dead-url=no}} 4. ^1 {{cite web |url=http://www.globalsecurity.org/intell/world/pakistan/isi.htm |title=Directorate for Inter-Services Intelligence |accessdate=12 May 2008 |publisher=GlobalSecurity.org |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080515203133/https://www.globalsecurity.org/intell/world/pakistan/isi.htm |archive-date=2008-05-15 }} 5. ^{{citation |title=Pakistan's ISI: The Invisible Government |first=Sean P. |last=Winchell |journal=International Journal of Intelligence and CounterIntelligence |volume=16 |pages=374–388 |number=3 |year=2003 |doi=10.1080/713830449 |ref={{sfnref|Winchell, Pakistan's ISI: The Invisible Government|2003}}}} 6. ^1 {{citation |author1=Richard A. Oppel Jr. |author2=Salman Masood |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/01/01/world/asia/01pstan.html |title=Pakistani Militants Admit Role in Siege, Official Says |newspaper=The New York Times |date=1 January 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181215130506/https://www.nytimes.com/2009/01/01/world/asia/01pstan.html |archive-date=2018-12-15 }} 5 : Military operations involving Pakistan|Inter-Services Intelligence operations|Cold War conflicts|Kashmir conflict|India–Pakistan relations |
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