| 词条 | Alex Ibru |
| 释义 |
| name = Alex Ibru | image = | caption = | office1 = Minister of Internal Affairs | term_start1 = 1993 | term_end1 = 1995 | predecessor1 = | successor1 = | birth_date = {{birth date|df=yes|1945|3|1}} | birth_place = Agbhara-Otor, Delta State | death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|2011|11|20|1945|3|1}} | death_place = Nigeria Children = Sophia, Alexandra, Annabella, Anita, Toke, Ose, Tive, Uvie | party = }} Alex Ibru (1 March 1945 – 20 November 2011) was a Nigerian businessman, founder and publisher of The Guardian newspaper, who was Minister of Internal Affairs from 1993 to 1995 during the military regime of General Sani Abacha.{{sfn|Ekeh|2007|pp=670}} BackgroundAlex Ibru was a son of Chief Janet Omotogor Ibru and brother of Chief Michael Ibru, founder of the Ibru Organization.{{sfn|Ekeh|2007|pp=670}} Ibru was born on 1 March 1945 in Agbhara-Otor, in today's Delta State. He attended the Yaba Methodist Primary School (1951–1957), Ibadan Grammar School (1958–1960), Igbobi College, Lagos (1960–1963) and Trent Polytechnic in the United Kingdom (1967–1970), where he studied Business Economics.{{sfn|Alex Ibru is dead}} Business careerAlex Ibru was appointed chairman of Rutam Motors. In 1983 he met with newspapermen Stanley Mecebuh of Daily Times of Nigeria, Dele Cole also formerly of that paper and Segun Osoba, formerly of Nigerian Herald. With 55% funding from the Ibrus, they launched The Guardian in 1983, with Alex Ibru as chairman.{{sfn|Forrest|1994|pp=136}} The Guardian had various pro-left academics on its board, with a clear bias towards Obafemi Awolowo's Unity Party of Nigeria, and the first editor Lade Bonuola was held to strongly support the UPN. On the other hand, Ibru was from a millionaire business family and Stanley Macebuh was right wing in his views, so the paper tried to maintain a balance.{{sfn|Uko|2004|pp=55–56}} The stated goals of the paper were to provide an independent and balanced view.{{sfn|Agbese|2006|pp=49}} The success of The Guardian made it clear that there was an appetite for high quality journalism in Nigeria, and it was followed by news magazines such as Newswatch.{{sfn|Fuller|2004|pp=171}} The military regime did not appreciate the paper's independence, and it was persecuted under military ruler General Muhammadu Buhari (January 1984 – August 1985).{{sfn|Graybill|Thompson|1998|pp=134}} Ibru provided funding to the Civil Liberties Organization (CLO), established during the military regime of Buhari's successor, General Ibrahim Babangida.{{sfn|Okafor|2006|pp=146}} Ibru was Minister of Internal Affairs from 1993 to 1995 in the Sani Abacha government.{{sfn|Evwode|2006}} His appointment by Abacha was seen as a gesture of appeasement to the press.{{sfn|Olukotun|2004|pp=69}} In December 1993 there were violent clashes between the Ogoni and Okrika people in the slums of Port Harcourt in Rivers State. Alex Ibru led a committee to tour Ogoniland and investigate the causes of unrest. Other members were Don Etiebet, Minister of Petroleum Reserves and Melford Okilo, Minister of Tourism, The military administrator of the state, Dauda Musa Komo, escorted the group. Embarrassingly for the military regime, during the trip a large crowd demonstrated in Bori blaming Shell Oil pollution for their problems.{{sfn|Hunt|2006|pp=167}} Alex Ibru had told his staff on The Guardian that he would not get involved in partisan politics. Despite this, the respected newspaper was highly critical of the Abacha regime.{{sfn|Uko|2004|pp=27}} On 14 August 1994 The Guardian offices were raided and shut down by the government, although Alex Ibru retained his post. The newspapers were only allowed to reopen in October 1994 following an apology by Ibru for any offensive comments that may have appeared.{{sfn|Ayittey|1999|pp=352}} On 2 February 1996 his car was sprayed with machine gun fire from unidentified men who had trailed him in a deep-blue Peugeot. Both Ibru and the editor-in-chief Femi Kusa were flown to England for treatment of their injuries.{{sfn|Ayittey|1999|pp=352}} After Abacha's death in 1998, his Chief Security Officer Hamza Al-Mustapha and others were charged with the assassination attempt.{{sfn|US State Department 2008|pp=416}} Alex Ibru died on 20 November 2011, aged 66.{{sfn|Alex Ibru is dead}} References{{Interior Ministers of Nigeria}}Sources{{refbegin}}
|ref={{harvid|Alex Ibru is dead}} |url=http://www.thenationonlineng.net/2011/index.php/news-update/26928-alex-ibru-is-dead.html |title=Alex Ibru is dead |work=The Nation (Nigeria) |date=20 November 2011 |accessdate=20 November 2011 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111122072721/http://www.thenationonlineng.net/2011/index.php/news-update/26928-alex-ibru-is-dead.html |archivedate=22 November 2011 }}
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UUtYqVNNhEwC&pg=PA49 |title=The role of the press and communication technology in democratization: the Nigerian story |first=Aje-Ori |last=Agbese |publisher=Routledge |year=2006 |isbn=0-415-98149-2}}
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5HtUn_dUmSYC&pg=PA352 |title=Africa in chaos |first=George B. N. |last=Ayittey |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan |year=1999 |isbn=0-312-21787-0}}
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fFdeYB1lIPwC&pg=PA670 |title=History of the Urhobo people of Niger Delta |first=Peter Palmer |last=Ekeh |publisher=Urhobo Historical Society |year=2007 |isbn=978-077-288-X}}
|url=http://www.waado.org/Biographies/Memorials/Janet_Omotogor_Ibru.htm |title=The Matriarch Extraordinaire Goes Home |first=Oghenevware |last=Evwode |year=2006 |publisher=Urhobu Historical Society |accessdate=25 June 2011}}
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i0NinkShiHYC&pg=PA131 |title=The advance of African capital: the growth of Nigerian private enterprise |first=Tom G. |last=Forrest |publisher=Edinburgh University Press |year=1994 |isbn=0-7486-0492-8}}
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=llmCOvtWcUcC&pg=PA171 |title=National days/national ways: historical, political, and religious celebrations around the world |first=Linda K. |last=Fuller |publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group |year=2004 |isbn=0-275-97270-4}}
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=V0FYXwY2sc8C&pg=PA134 |title=Africa's second wave of freedom: development, democracy, and rights |first1=Lyn S. |last1=Graybill |first2=Kenneth W. |last2=Thompson |publisher=University Press of America |year=1998 |isbn=0-7618-1071-4}}
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dQj9tQduiuwC&pg=PA167 |title=The Politics of Bones: Dr. Owens Wiwa and the Struggle for Nigeria's Oil |first=J. Timothy |last=Hunt |publisher=McClelland & Stewart |year=2006 |isbn=0-7710-4158-6}}
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2uw79zvQu04C&pg=PA146 |title=Legitimizing human rights NGOs: lessons from Nigeria |first=Obiora Chinedu |last=Okafor |publisher=Africa World Press |year=2006 |isbn=1-59221-286-7}}
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qz9BlWO7ExwC&pg=PA69 |title=Repressive state and resurgent media under Nigeria's military dictatorship, 1988–98 |first=Ayo |last=Olukotun |publisher=Nordic Africa Institute |year=2004 |isbn=91-7106-524-5}}
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Abm-v6wGWOQC&pg=PA27 |title=Romancing the gun: the press as promoter of military rule |first=Ndaeyo |last=Uko |publisher=Africa World Press |year=2004 |isbn=1-59221-189-5}}
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=O5rs8UkMj64C&pg=PA416 |title=Country Reports on Human Rights Practices for 2007 |author=US State Department |publisher=Government Printing Office |year=2008|isbn=9780160813993{{refend}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Ibru, Alex}} 9 : 1945 births|2011 deaths|Alumni of Nottingham Trent University|Nigerian newspaper founders|20th-century Nigerian businesspeople|Ibadan Grammar School alumni|Shooting survivors|Igbobi College alumni|Ibru family |
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