| 词条 | Opisthoteuthis californiana |
| 释义 |
| name = Flapjack octopus | status = DD | status_system = IUCN3.1 | status_ref = [1] | image = Opisthoteuthis californiana.jpg | taxon = Opisthoteuthis californiana | authority = Berry, 1949[2] }} Opisthoteuthis californiana, also known as the flapjack octopus,[3] is a species of umbrella octopus. DescriptionThe flapjack octopus usually appears as transparent to dark red.[4] Their maximum size is {{convert|20|cm|in}} mantle length.[4] They have eight jointed legs which are affixed together in an umbrella shape.[5] They have a gelatinous body, which spreads into a parachute shape when maneuvering through dimly lit water.[5] The flapjack preys on small fishes and planktonic crustaceans.[4] They swim by moving their fins, pulsing their webbed arms, pushing water through their funnel for jet propulsion, or all three at once.[6] Their depth range is: Para-larvae {{convert|200|m|ft}}, adults {{convert|500|-|1500|m|ft}}.[4] DistributionThis species has been reported off Eureka Bar, California, at {{convert|350|m|ft}}. It is also known from Japan, off Kashima-Nada, at {{convert|530|-|560|m|ft}}.[7] Nesis (1982/87) reports it from the Bering Sea to the Sea of Okhotsk to off central Honshū in the northwestern Pacific and to off southern California in the northeastern Pacific. ClassificationThe Opisthoteuthis californiana is one of 14 species in the genus Opisthoteuthis. These species are also collectively known as the flapjack devilfishes.[8] Species of Opisthoteuthis are the most compressed, in the anterior-posterior axis, of any cephalopod. This flattened appearance gives them the common name of flapjack or pancake devilfish. Species are thought to be primarily benthic although they are capable of swimming and in some species the swimming may be an important component of their pouncing on minute prey. As in other cirrates, most species are poorly known. References1. ^{{cite journal | author1 = Lyons, G. | author2 = Allcock, L. | year = 2014 | title = Opisthoteuthis californiana | journal = The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species | volume = 2014 | page = e.T163065A968048 | doi = 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2014-3.RLTS.T163065A968048.en}} Downloaded on 07 February 2018. 2. ^{{cite web | url = http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=342092 | title = Opisthoteuthis californiana Berry, 1949 | accessdate = 7 February 2018 | publisher = Flanders Marine Institute | author = Philippe Bouchet | year = 2018 | work = World Register of Marine Species}} 3. ^{{cite web|url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=7zY3AQAAMAAJ&pg=SA3-PA66&dq=flapjack+octopus+californiana&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjkz6_E4dLXAhWSJlAKHW_aA8cQuwUIKDAA#v=onepage&q&f=false|title=Steller Sea Lion and Northern Fur Seal Research: Environmental Impact Statement|date=22 November 2017|accessdate=22 November 2017|via=Google Books}} 4. ^1 2 3 {{cite book|last1=Jorgensen|first1=Elaina|title=Field Guide to Squids and Octopods of the Eastern North Pacific and Bering Sea|date=2009|publisher=Alaska Sea Grant College|location=Fairbanks, Alaska|isbn=978-1-56612-139-2|pages=69–70}} 5. ^1 {{cite web|last1=Dodrill|first1=Tara|title=Flapjack Octopus|url=http://www.inquisitr.com/2177230/flapjack-octopus-newly-discovered-pink-octopus-deemed-adorable/|website=Inquisitr.com|date=June 16, 2015|access-date=June 28, 2016}} 6. ^{{cite web|title=Flapjack Octopus|url=http://www.mbari.org/news/feature-image/opisthoteuthis.html|website=Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute|access-date=November 20, 2015}} 7. ^{{cite web|url=http://tolweb.org/tree?group=Opisthoteuthis_californiana|title=Opisthoteuthis californiana|website=Tolweb.org|accessdate=22 November 2017}} 8. ^{{cite web|url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=5e4aah3VXZQC&pg=PA140&dq=flapjack+devilfish+californiana&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjrtbD74NLXAhUBIVAKHQ16ClYQ6AEIJjAA#v=onepage&q&f=false|title=Mollusca: Aplacophora, Polyplacophora, Scaphopoda, Cephalopoda|first1=K. L.|last1=Lamprell|first2=A. M.|last2=Scheltema|first3=J. M.|last3=Healy|date=22 November 2017|publisher=Csiro Publishing|accessdate=22 November 2017|via=Google Books}} External links{{CephBase Species|463}}
8 : Cephalopods of Oceania|Molluscs of the Pacific Ocean|Marine molluscs of Asia|Molluscs of North America|Molluscs of Japan|Western North American coastal fauna|Fauna of California|Molluscs described in 1949 |
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