| 词条 | Oral, Kazakhstan | ||||
| 释义 |
| settlement_type = City | official_name = Uralsk/Ural'sk | native_name = Уральск {{ru icon}} Оral {{kk icon}} | motto = | image_skyline = Уральсквид.jpg | imagesize = 270px | image_caption = View from the air | image_flag = | image_seal = Oral seal.svg | image_map = | map_caption = | pushpin_map = Kazakhstan | pushpin_label_position = bottom | pushpin_mapsize = 280 | pushpin_map_caption = Location in Kazakhstan | subdivision_type = Country | subdivision_type1 = Region | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name = Kazakhstan | subdivision_name1 = West Kazakhstan Region | subdivision_name2 = | established_title = First Settled | established_date = | established_title2 = Founded | established_date2 = 1584 | established_title3 = Incorporated (city) | established_date3 = 1613 | government_type = | leader_title = Akim (mayor) | leader_name = Nariman Toregaliyev (Нариман Төреғалиев)[1] | area_magnitude = | area_total_sq_mi = | area_total_km2 = 700 | area_land_sq_mi = | area_land_km2 = | area_water_sq_mi = | area_water_km2 = | area_urban_sq_mi = | area_urban_km2 = | area_metro_km2 = | area_metro_sq_mi = | population_as_of = 2012 | population_footnotes = | population_total = 300 128 | population_urban = 202,161 | population_metro = | population_density_sq_mi = | population_density_km2 = 300 | timezone = UTC+5 | utc_offset = +5 | timezone_DST = | utc_offset_DST = | coordinates = {{coord|51|14|0|N|51|22|0|E|region:KZ|display=inline}} | elevation_footnotes = | elevation_m = 35 | elevation_ft = | postal_code_type = Postal code | postal_code = 090000 - 090013 | area_code = +7 7112 [2] | registration_plate = L | website = {{URL|http://uralsk.gov.kz/}} | footnotes = }} Oral ({{lang-kz|Орал|translit=Oral}}), Ural'sk ({{lang-ru|Уральск}}) in Russian, formerly known as Yaitsk (Russian: Яицк, until 1775), is a city in northwestern Kazakhstan, at the confluence of the Ural and Chogan rivers close to the Russian border. As it is located on the western bank of the Ural river, it is considered geographically in Europe. It is the capital of the West Kazakhstan Region. The ethnic composition is dominated by Kazakhs (60%) and Russians. Population: {{Kz-census2009|271,900|punct=;}} {{Kz-census1999|194,905|punct=.}} Oral is an agricultural and industrial centre, and has been an important trade stop since its founding. Barge traffic has passed up and down the Ural River between the Caspian Sea and the Ural Mountains for centuries. Today it is one of the major entry points for rail traffic from Europe to Siberia, servicing the many new oil fields in the Caspian basin and the industrial cities of the southern Urals. It is served by Oral Ak Zhol Airport. HistoryOral was founded in 1613 by Cossacks, and was originally named Yaitsk, after the Yaik river, the name of the Ural river at the time. In 1773 there occurred the first Cossack rebellion against the local Russian commander General Traubenberg, led by Yemelyan Pugachev. Traubenberg was murdered along with several other officers. The city was captured by Pugachev, and its fortress besieged from 30 December 1773 to 17 April 1774. Tsarist troops under Commander Mantsurov re took the city after Golytsin had taken the city of Orenburg from the rebel forces. As a punishment for the Yaik Cossacks siding with the insurrectionists , Empress Catherine II declared on 15 January 1775 that the Yaik river would henceforth be renamed the Ural River and Yaitsk would be known as Ural'sk. Alexander Pushkin visited the city with his friend Vladimir Dahl in September 1833 while doing research for his book The History of Pugachev (1834) and his novel The Captain's Daughter. (1836)[3] The city was under siege imposed by Cossaks during the Russian Civil War or 1917 to 1922. Mikhail Frunze, Vasily Chapaev and Georgy Zhukov participated in the defence. Ural'sk was renamed Oral, though never officially, (Oral is simply a Kazakh translation of Ural'sk) after the independence of Kazakhstan in 1991. GeographyClimateThe climate of Oral is continental with long cold winters and warm, often hot summers. Under the Köppen climate classification, Oral has a hot summer humid continental climate (Köppen Dfa). Summers are extremely hot considering its position north of the 51st parallel, but winters are more reminiscent of continental climates further east rather than Europe. Oral is considered to be one of the cleanest cities in Kazakhstan. {{Weather box|location=Oral |metric first=yes |single line=yes |Jan record high C = 6.6 |Feb record high C = 5.6 |Mar record high C = 21.6 |Apr record high C = 31.1 |May record high C = 35.4 |Jun record high C = 40.6 |Jul record high C = 41.6 |Aug record high C = 40.8 |Sep record high C = 38.8 |Oct record high C = 28.0 |Nov record high C = 18.0 |Dec record high C = 8.7 |year record high C = 41.6 |Jan high C = −6.5 |Feb high C = −6.2 |Mar high C = 0.4 |Apr high C = 14.1 |May high C = 22.7 |Jun high C = 28.1 |Jul high C = 29.9 |Aug high C = 28.2 |Sep high C = 21.6 |Oct high C = 12.0 |Nov high C = 1.5 |Dec high C = −4.7 |year high C = 11.8 |Jan mean C = -10.4 |Feb mean C = -10.6 |Mar mean C = -4.1 |Apr mean C = 7.9 |May mean C = 15.7 |Jun mean C = 21.0 |Jul mean C = 22.9 |Aug mean C = 20.9 |Sep mean C = 14.4 |Oct mean C = 6.3 |Nov mean C = -2.0 |Dec mean C = -8.2 |year mean C = 6.2 |Jan low C = −14.2 |Feb low C = −14.8 |Mar low C = −8.2 |Apr low C = 2.4 |May low C = 8.8 |Jun low C = 14.0 |Jul low C = 16.1 |Aug low C = 14.1 |Sep low C = 8.2 |Oct low C = 1.9 |Nov low C = −5.1 |Dec low C = −11.7 |year low C = 1.0 |Jan record low C = −43.1 |Feb record low C = −40.5 |Mar record low C = −35.2 |Apr record low C = −24.3 |May record low C = −6.8 |Jun record low C = −1.1 |Jul record low C = 4.3 |Aug record low C = 0.4 |Sep record low C = −7.6 |Oct record low C = −19.2 |Nov record low C = −32.6 |Dec record low C = −39.2 |year record low C = −43.1 |precipitation colour = green |Jan precipitation mm = 28 |Feb precipitation mm = 20 |Mar precipitation mm = 24 |Apr precipitation mm = 21 |May precipitation mm = 29 |Jun precipitation mm = 32 |Jul precipitation mm = 43 |Aug precipitation mm = 26 |Sep precipitation mm = 28 |Oct precipitation mm = 40 |Nov precipitation mm = 29 |Dec precipitation mm = 29 |year precipitation mm = 349 |Jan rain days = 5 |Feb rain days = 4 |Mar rain days = 6 |Apr rain days = 9 |May rain days = 10 |Jun rain days = 11 |Jul rain days = 10 |Aug rain days = 9 |Sep rain days = 10 |Oct rain days = 12 |Nov rain days = 10 |Dec rain days = 7 |year rain days = 103 |Jan snow days = 20 |Feb snow days = 16 |Mar snow days = 10 |Apr snow days = 2 |May snow days = 0.2 |Jun snow days = 0 |Jul snow days = 0 |Aug snow days = 0 |Sep snow days = 0.1 |Oct snow days = 3 |Nov snow days = 11 |Dec snow days = 18 |year snow days = 80 |Jan humidity = 83 |Feb humidity = 81 |Mar humidity = 81 |Apr humidity = 65 |May humidity = 55 |Jun humidity = 57 |Jul humidity = 58 |Aug humidity = 57 |Sep humidity = 61 |Oct humidity = 73 |Nov humidity = 83 |Dec humidity = 83 |year humidity = 70 |Jan sun = 84 |Feb sun = 120 |Mar sun = 165 |Apr sun = 227 |May sun = 314 |Jun sun = 304 |Jul sun = 324 |Aug sun = 293 |Sep sun = 220 |Oct sun = 136 |Nov sun = 64 |Dec sun = 65 |year sun = 2316 |source 1 = Pogoda.ru.net[4] |source 2 = NOAA (sun, 1961–1990)[5] |date=May 2012 }} SportFC Akzhaiyk are a Kazakhstani football club based in Petr Atoyan Stadium[https://www.google.kz/maps/@51.2121891,51.3510981,251m/data=!3m1!1e3] in Oral. BandyBandy is the principal sport in the city. Akzhayik Sports Club, based in the Yunost' Stadium, is the only professional team in the country and plays in the 2nd highest division of Russia.[6] In September 2017 Kazakhstan Bandy Federation bought the club.[7]The city sent a team to the Spartakiade 2009 and the finished 2nd.[8] All the players of the Under 23s' national team in the 2013/14 season came from Oral.[9] After the Kazakhstan national bandy team took the gold medal at the 2011 Asian Winter Games, the team came back to Oral in triumph.[10] A few former residents now live in Germany and play for the German national team.[https://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&sl=ru&u=http://sk-sport.kz/ru/news/5325&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dhttp://www.rusbandy.ru/news/5325/%26biw%3D1366%26bih%3D705] The first international bandy championships in Kazakhstan was held in the city in the 1990s, World Championship for Under 15s' boys. Oral hosted the 2nd Republican Youth Winter Games in 2015, with competitions in bandy and ice hockey.[https://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&sl=ru&tl=en&u=http%3A%2F%2Furalsk.gov.kz%2Fru%2Fposlednie-novosti%2Fposlednie-novosti%2Farticle%2Fzimnie-igry-po-khokkeju-s-mjachom.html] The Yunost' Stadium is in the process of becoming equipped with artificial ice.[https://translate.google.co.uk/translate?hl=en&sl=ru&u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rusbandy.ru%2Fnews%2F10867%2F] The plan was to open the renewed arena the 16th of December 2017.[https://translate.google.co.uk/translate?hl=en&sl=ru&u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rusbandy.ru%2Fnews%2F11219%2F] However, after many earlier broken promises, it yet again was postponed to a later date, unclear when.[11] GalleryTwin towns – sister cities
References1. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.inform.kz/en/nariman-turegaliev-appointed-mayor-of-uralsk-photo_a2889150 |title=nariman-turegaliev-appointed-mayor-of-uralsk |accessdate=2017-11-13 }} 2. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.almaly.almaty.kz/page.php?page_id=93&lang=2&news_id=483|title=Алматы қаласыАлмалы ауданыӘкімінің аппараты|website=www.almaly.almaty.kz}} 3. ^{{cite web|url=https://caravanistan.com/kazakhstan/west/uralsk/|title=Uralsk City Guide {{!}} Caravanistan|website=Caravanistan|language=en-US|access-date=2018-06-22}} 4. ^{{cite web| archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20161125150356/http://www.pogodaiklimat.ru/climate/35108.htm| archivedate = 25 November 2016| url = http://www.pogodaiklimat.ru/climate/35108.htm| title = Weather and Climate - The Climate of Uralsk/Oral| accessdate = 25 November 2016| publisher = Weather and Climate (Погода и климат)| language = Russian}} 5. ^{{cite web| url = ftp://ftp.atdd.noaa.gov/pub/GCOS/WMO-Normals/TABLES/REG_II/KS/35108.TXT| title = Uralsk (Oral) Climate Normals 1961-1990| publisher = National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration| accessdate = 25 November 2016}} 6. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.livetv.ru/en/matchstory/06728rhjjfjyiijbkjj/11/|title=Akzhayik / LiveTV|author=|date=|website=www.livetv.ru|accessdate=16 April 2018}} 7. ^{{cite web|url=https://translate.google.co.uk/translate?hl=en&sl=ru&u=http://www.rusbandy.ru/news/11104|title=Google Translate|author=|date=|website=translate.google.co.uk|accessdate=16 April 2018}} 8. ^ {{dead link|date=September 2018}} 9. ^{{cite web|url=https://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&sl=ru&u=http://www.rusbandy.ru/nationalteam/388/roster/1056/&prev=/search?q=http://www.rusbandy.ru/nationalteam/388/roster/1056/&biw=1093&bih=552|title=Google Translate|author=|date=|website=translate.google.com|accessdate=16 April 2018}} 10. ^Video from the triumphant homecoming {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131202223201/http://kaztrk.kz/kaz/news/sport/Dopti_hokkej_sheberleri_Oralga_oraldi.html |date=2013-12-02 }} 11. ^{{cite web|url=https://translate.google.co.uk/translate?hl=en&sl=ru&u=http://nadezhda.kz/2018/01/24/%25D1%2581%25D1%2582%25D0%25B0%25D0%25B4%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BD%25D1%258B-%25D0%25BF%25D1%2580%25D0%25B5%25D1%2582%25D0%25BA%25D0%25BD%25D0%25BE%25D0%25B2%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B8%25D1%258F/|title=Google Translate|website=translate.google.co.uk}} External links{{Wikivoyage|Oral}}
6 : Oral, Kazakhstan|Cities and towns in Kazakhstan|Populated places in West Kazakhstan Region|Ural Oblast (Russian Empire)|Populated places established in 1613|1613 establishments in Russia |
||||
| 随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。