| 词条 | Alinja Tower |
| 释义 |
|name = Alinja Tower |native_name = {{lang-az|Əlincə qalası}} |image = Əlincə qalası.jpg |image_size = |caption = |former_names = Alenjik or Alinje |building_type = |architectural_style = |structural_system = |location = To the west of Khanega village, not far from Julfa city, Azerbaijan |owner = |current_tenants = |landlord = |coordinates = |start_date = |completion_date = |demolition_date = |height = |diameter = |other_dimensions = |floor_count = |floor_area = |main_contractor = |architect = |structural_engineer = |services_engineer = |civil_engineer = |other_designers = |quantity_surveyor = |awards = }}Alinjagala,[1] Alinja-gala[2][3][4] or Alinja tower[5] ({{lang-az|Əlincə qalası}}), earlier, up to the 14th century, the fortress was known as an Armenian fortress Yernjak[6][7] ({{lang-hy|Երնջակ}}[8]) – is a tower is located to the west of Khanega village, not far from Julfa city of Azerbaijan, on the right coast of the Alinja River (Alinjachay), higher of the Armenian monastery St.Karapet,[9] on the top of Alinja Mountain.[10] The tower was one of the most strongest defensive buildings of that times.[2] HistoryThe first mentions are in sources from the 1st century. The tower was founded and belonged to the Armenian lords of Syunik.[6] It was one of the important fortress in Armenia.[11] Вy the 10th century the tower was in the hands of the Bagratuni dynasty. In 914 Yusuf ibn Abi'l-Saj occupied Duin and took captivity King of Armenia Smbat I. After that Yusuf wanted to occupy the Armenian citadel, which resisted to Arabian army too long. He killed Smbat I in front of Yernjak with the purpose to force to hand the fortress.[12][13] Yernjak was captured to Arab emir of Gokhtan a short time later. In the 13th century fortress pass into the hands of the Armenian Orbelean family, who were lords this part of Syunik.[6] Perhaps the tower was their residence.[14] In the 14th century the tower already belonged to the Turkic dynasty of Ildegizids. Since then, Yernjak became called Alinja.[6] The main treasury of Iraq Seljuks was kept in the tower of the Ildegizids.[3] Defenders of the tower made strong resistance to occupants during the epoch of Timur’s invasion to this region. During 14 years beleaguered soldiers defended the tower from Timur’s army and his son Miran Shah with the help of Georgians. ConstructionThere are many hydrotechnical, defensive, residential and palatial buildings in the tower, which were on the top of the mountain and in its slopes. Strong rows of stone walls led from the outskirts of the mountain to the top in a few lines. Cistern-pools once keeping rain and melt water remained in the shadow. The main treasury of Azerbaijani Atabeys was kept in Alinjagala tower. References1. ^{{Cite book| title = История СССР с древнейших времен до наших дней| author = Под ред. Б. Н. Пономарева| publisher=Наука| location=Академия наук СССР| year = 1966| pages=518| isbn=| accessdate= }} {{coord|39.194414|N|45.696859|E|type:landmark_scale:100000_source:ruwiki|display=title}}2. ^1 {{Cite book| title = Зодчество Азербайджана XII-XV вв. и его место в архитектуре Переднего Востока| author = Л. С. Бретаницкий| publisher=Наука| location=| year = 1966| pages=556| isbn=| accessdate= }} 3. ^1 {{Cite book| title = Палестинский сборник, Выпуск 21. Ближний Восток и Иран| author = Российское палестинское общество.| publisher=Наука| location=Ленинград| year = 1970| pages=193| isbn=| accessdate= }} 4. ^{{Cite book| title = Г. А. Мадатов.| author = Нахичеванская Автономная Советская Социалистическая Республика| url=http://dic.academic.ru/dic.nsf/sie/11841/%D0%9D%D0%90%D0%A5%D0%98%D0%A7%D0%95%D0%92%D0%90%D0%9D%D0%A1%D0%9A%D0%90%D0%AF| publisher=Советская энциклопедия| location=Советская историческая энциклопедия, Москва| year = 1967| pages=| isbn=| accessdate= }} 5. ^{{Cite book| title = Нахичеванская Республика| author = | url=http://dic.academic.ru/dic.nsf/enc_geo/3407/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F| publisher=У-Фактория| location=Словарь современных географических названий. Екатеринбург| year = 2006| pages=| isbn=| accessdate= }} 6. ^1 2 3 «Крепость Ернджак (Алинджа-кала)» /Бюллетень Кавказского историко-археологицкского института в Тифлисе, Выпуски 1-8 / p.16 – Изд-во Академия наук СССР, 1928 7. ^{{Cite book|author = Иван Шопен|title = Исторический памятник состояния Армянской-области в эпоху ея присоединения к Российской-Империи |url=https://books.google.com/books?ei=FulxT-2lIYSUOomLxaUI&hl=ru&id=uzIpAAAAYAAJ&dq=%D0%95%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%BA+%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B0&q=+%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B0#v=snippet&q=%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B0&f=false|location = |publisher = Имп. Академии наук|year = 1852 |pages = 324}} Ханъ-ага. Выше селенія этого имени возвышается неприступная гора на вершинѣ котороіі находится извѣстная крѣпость Ернджакъ, нынѣ Алинджа 8. ^Словарь топонимов Армении: Том 2. Pages 246-247. 9. ^Обозрение российских владений за Кавказом, в статистическом, этногафическом, топографическом и финансовом отношениях / Directmedia, 2013{{ISBN|5446026128}}, 9785446026128 - p.336 10. ^Карта J-38-32. Издание 1975 г. 11. ^Robert H. Hewsen. Armenia: A Historical Atlas. — University of Chicago Press, 2001. — 341 p. — {{ISBN|0226332284}}, {{ISBN|9780226332284}}. P. 121. 12. ^Lynn Jones {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150104134451/http://arthistory.fsu.edu/People/Faculty/Faculty-Folder/Lynn-Jones |date=2015-01-04 }}. Between Islam and Byzantium: Aght’amar and the Visual Construction of Medieval Armenian Rulership. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd., 2007, P. 66 «In 913 Yusuf again stormed Duin; this time he took Smbat prisoner. Smbat remained at Duin until 914, when Yusuf, unable to take the Bagratuni fortress of Emjak» 13. ^Щеблыкин И. П. Памятники азербайджанского зодчества эпохи Низами (материалы) / Под ред. И. Джафарзаде. — Б.: Издательство АзФАН, 1943. 14. ^{{cite book| author = Steven Runciman | title = The Emperor Romanus Lecapenus and his reign: a study of tenth-century Byzantium| year = 1988| publisher = Cambridge University Press| pages = 160—161}}: The third great family of Armenia was the Orbelians of Siounia. Siounia was the large canton to the east of the country, which stretched from Lake Sevan to the southernmost bend of the Araxes. Siounia was subdivided among various members of the princely house, and possessions seem to have changed hands among them fairly frequently. There were main branches of the family; of the elder the head at the time of Sembat’s martyrdom was the Grand Ischkan Sembat whose possessions lay on the west of Siounia, including Vaiotzor and Sisagan (which he apparently acquired from his cousins of the younger branch) and extending down to Nakhidchevan. He had married an Ardzrouni princess, Sophie, Gagic’s sister, and was one of the most prominent figures in Armenia. His brother Sahac owned the districts of Siounia on the east, with his capital probably at Erendchac; a third brother Papgen, the villain of the family, owned a town or two on the east and was jealous of his richer brothers; a fourth, Vasac, had already been killed in the interminable civil wars. The possessions of the younger branch clustered round Lake Sevan. 2 : Towers in Azerbaijan|Monuments and memorials in Azerbaijan |
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