| 词条 | Oranienburg | ||
| 释义 |
|name = Oranienburg |type = Stadt |image_photo = Schloss Oranienburg - Jan 2013.jpg |imagesize = 240px |image_caption = Schloss Oranienburg |image_coa = Oranienburg_Wappen.png |coordinates = {{coord|52|45|16|N|13|14|13|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Oranienburg in OHV.png |plantext = |state = Brandenburg |district = Oberhavel |elevation = 34 |area = 162.37 |population = 41194 |Stand = 2006-06-30 |postal_code = 16515 |area_code = 03301 |licence = OHV |Gemeindeschlüssel = 12 0 65 256 |divisions = 9 districts |Straße = Schloßplatz 2 |website = [https://www.oranienburg.de/ www.oranienburg.de] |mayor = Alexander Laesicke |party = partyless }} Oranienburg is a town in Brandenburg, Germany. It is the capital of the district of Oberhavel. GeographyOranienburg is a town located on the banks of the Havel river, 35 km north of the centre of Berlin. Division of the townOranienburg consists of 9 districts
HistoryOriginally named Bötzow, the town of Oranienburg dates from the 12th century and was first mentioned in 1216. Margrave Albert the Bear (ruled 1157-1170) allegedly ordered the construction of a castle on the banks of the Havel. Around the castle stood a settlement of traders and craftsmen. In 1646 Friedrich Wilhelm I of Brandenburg married Louise Henriette of Orange-Nassau (German: Oranien-Nassau). She was so attracted by the town of Bötzow that her husband presented the entire region to her. The princess ordered the construction of a new castle in the Dutch style and called it Oranienburg or Schloss Oranienburg. In 1653 the town of Bötzow was renamed Oranienburg. Silvio Gesell, the founder of Freiwirtschaft ("free economy"), lived in Oranienburg between 1911 and 1915, publishing his magazine, Der Physiocrat. He returned to the town in 1927 and lived there until his death in 1930. The town remained a center of the "free economy" movement until the Nazi régime outlawed it in 1933, and many of Gesell's followers ended up as prisoners in the town's concentration camp.{{citation needed|date=March 2015}} The Oranienburg concentration camp (established in March 1933) was one of the first Nazi concentration camps. In 1936 the Sachsenhausen concentration camp on the outskirts of Oranienburg replaced it; there 200,000 people were interned over the 9 years that the Nazis operated it. The Nazis murdered about 22,000 people there{{cn|date=December 2015}} before the liberation of the camp by the Soviet Red Army in 1945. Thereafter the site reopened in August 1945 as "Soviet Special Camp 7". A further 12,000 people (mostly Nazis not awaiting trial) died under the Soviets before the Special Camp closed in 1950. Their remains were not discovered until the 1990s.{{citation needed|date=March 2015}} Oranienburg became the center of Nazi Germany's nuclear-energy project; the town also had an armaments hub, aircraft plant, and railway junction, all of military importance. According to military historian Antony Beevor, Stalin's desire to acquire the nuclear facility motivated him to launch the Battle for Berlin[1] of April-May 1945. It has been claimed{{by whom?|date=December 2015}} that the pre-emptive destruction of these facilities by the USAAF Eighth Air Force on 15 March 1945 aimed to prevent them from falling into Soviet hands.[2] On 23 April 1945, during the Battle of Berlin, troops of the 1st Belorussian Front of the Red Army captured Oranienburg. Due to its heavy bombing, Oranienburg is the "most dangerous town in Germany"; it is the only city in Germany which pursues a systematic search for unexploded ordnance (UXO) based on postwar aerial photos and magnetic or radar underground measurements for metal. By 2017 about 200 had been disposed of, and 350 to 400 were estimated to remain.[3] It is estimated{{by whom?|date=December 2015}} that the search and disposal will continue throughout the rest of the century. In one case 12,000 residents had to be evacuated. The federal government does not finance the removal of foreign UXO.[4]{{qn|date=December 2015}} International relations{{Main|List of twin towns and sister cities in Germany}}Oranienburg is twinned with:
Public institutionsThe Zehlendorf transmission facility, a large facility for broadcasting in longwave, medium wave and FM-range, is located near Oranienburg, at Zehlendorf. TransportationThe city is served by the Berlin Northern Railway and provide a direct connection to Rostock. See also
Demography|align=none | cols=3 | percentages=pagr |title = Oranienburg: Population development within the current boundaries (2013)[5] | 1875 | 9514 | 1890 | 11568 | 1910 | 20179 | 1925 | 23656 | 1933 | 27043 | 1939 | 42982 | 1946 | 31893 | 1950 | 32781 | 1964 | 33379 | 1971 | 33426 | 1981 | 35433 | 1985 | 37234 | 1989 | 37544 | 1990 | 37113 | 1991 | 36909 | 1992 | 36777 | 1993 | 36885 | 1994 | 37138 | 1995 | 37577 | 1996 | 38151 | 1997 | 39001 | 1998 | 39541 | 1999 | 39949 | 2000 | 40148 | 2001 | 40403 | 2002 | 40378 | 2003 | 40593 | 2004 | 41055 | 2005 | 41115 | 2006 | 41267 | 2007 | 41488 | 2008 | 41577 | 2009 | 41590 | 2010 | 41810 | 2011 | 41370 | 2012 | 41621 | 2013 | 42028 | 2014 | 42894 | 2015 | 43526 | 2016 | 44079 | 2017 | 43982 }} Notable residents
Footnotes1. ^Antony Beevor The Downfall 1945, Penguin Books, 2002, {{ISBN|0-670-88695-5}} Preface xxxiv 2. ^Richard G. Davis,Bombing the European Axis Powers. A Historical Digest of the Combined Bomber Offensive 1939–1945. Alabama: Air University Press, 2006, page 518 3. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-41140949 |title=Frankfurt WW2 bomb: Mass evacuation completed|website=BBC News|date=3 September 2017|author= |accessdate=3 September 2017 }} 4. ^{{cite web|author1= Rundfunk Berlin-Brandenburg|title= Bombenjäger|url= http://www.ardmediathek.de/tv/Dokumentation-und-Reportage/Bombenj%C3%A4ger/rbb-Fernsehen/Video?documentId=26982496&bcastId=3822114|publisher= ARD.de|accessdate= 12 March 2015|date=10 March 2015}} 5. ^Detailed data sources are to be found in the Wikimedia Commons.Population Projection Brandenburg at Wikimedia Commons External links{{Commonscat-inline|Oranienburg}}
4 : Oranienburg|Localities in Oberhavel|Province of Brandenburg|Bezirk Potsdam |
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