| 词条 | Allison Macfarlane |
| 释义 |
|name = Allison M. Macfarlane |image =Chairman Allison M. Macfarlane.jpg |office = Chairwoman of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission |president = Barack Obama |term_start = July 9, 2012 |term_end = December 31, 2014 |predecessor = Gregory Jaczko |successor = Stephen G. Burns |birth_date = circa 1964 |birth_place = |death_date = |death_place = |alma_mater = University of Rochester Massachusetts Institute of Technology }} Allison M. Macfarlane directs the Institute for International Science and Technology Policy at George Washington University, where she is Professor of Science Policy and International Affairs. She was the chairman of the United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) from July 9, 2012, to December 31, 2014. Education and careerMacfarlane was educated at the University of Rochester, where she earned B.Sc. in Geological Sciences in 1987, and at Massachusetts Institute of Technology with a Ph.D. in Geology in 1992. She held fellowships at Radcliffe College, Harvard University, Stanford University, and MIT. She was also assistant professor of earth science and international affairs at Georgia Tech from 2003-4.[1] Prior to taking the top position at the NRC, Dr. Macfarlane was an associate professor of environmental science and policy at George Mason University.[1] While at GMU, Macfarlane was a member of the Blue Ribbon Commission on America's Nuclear Future from 2010 to 2012.[1] The panel was charged by the Secretary of Energy to examine the issues associated with nuclear waste disposal in the United States.[2] When NRC commission chair Gregory Jaczko was forced to step down before the end of his term[5] in May 2012, Macfarlane was appointed to complete the term.[1] She was then reconfirmed for a full five-year term by the United States Senate on July 1, 2013.[3] As Chairman of the NRC, Dr. Macfarlane prioritized the geological and operational lessons learned from the North Anna and Fukushima, as well as improving the NRC's communication with public stakeholders and paying more attention to the back end of the fuel cycle in an era when more U.S. nuclear power plants were being decommissioned than built. She also pushed to make the NRC a more family-friendly workplace. Given that she had raised questions a decade earlier about the suitability of the Yucca Mountain site for long-term geologic disposal of high-level nuclear waste, supporters of Yucca Mountain expected her to stall NRC licensing of Yucca Mountain, but she complied with a court order that ruled her predecessor's actions illegal and directed the NRC to continue its licensing review until it had spent down the funds made available for this purpose by Congress. After leaving the NRC, Dr. Macfarlane became the Director of the Institute for International Science and Technology Policy and a Professor of science policy and international affairs at Elliott School of International Affairs at the George Washington University.[4] in December 2014.[5] ViewsIn her 2006 book, Uncertainty Underground, Macfarlane critiqued plans to store spent nuclear fuel in a mountain near Las Vegas called Yucca Mountain.[6] She said the seismic and volcanic activity as well as oxidizing in the environment would make the nuclear waste unstable. Macfarlane has supported storing nuclear waste at reactor sites in dry casks and the allocation of billions to find a suitable geologic repository for storage over the next few decades.[7][8] Works"Déjà vu for U.S. nuclear waste". Science. 30 June 2017 [https://mitpress.mit.edu/books/uncertainty-underground Uncertainty Underground: Yucca Mountain and the Nation's High Level Nuclear Waste], MIT Press, 2006. {{ISBN|978-0-2626-3332-1}} Personal lifeMacfarlane is married to Hugh Gusterson, a professor of anthropology and author of works on nuclear culture, with whom she has two children.[9] {{commonscat}}References1. ^{{cite web|title=Allison Macfarlane Confirmed by U.S. Senate to Lead Nuclear Regulatory Commission|url=http://newsdesk.gmu.edu/2012/07/professor-allison-macfarlane-confirmed-u-s-senate-lead-nuclear-regulatory-commission|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121008160141/http://newsdesk.gmu.edu/2012/07/professor-allison-macfarlane-confirmed-u-s-senate-lead-nuclear-regulatory-commission/|dead-url=yes|archive-date=8 October 2012|publisher=GMU|accessdate=16 August 2013}} 2. ^{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/01/27/science/earth/nuclear-waste-panel-urges-consent-based-approach.html?ref=atomicenergy |title=Revamped Search Urged for a Nuclear Waste Site |first=Matthew |last=Wald |date=January 26, 2012 |work=New York Times }} 3. ^{{cite web|title=Chairman Allison M. Macfarlane|url=https://www.nrc.gov/about-nrc/organization/commission/macfarlane.html|publisher=NRC|accessdate=16 August 2013}} 4. ^1 Dixon, Darius, "NRC's Macfarlane to depart", Politico, October 21, 2014. Retrieved 2017-01-10. 5. ^[https://elliott.gwu.edu/macfarlane "Allison M. Macfarlane"], GWU Elliott School of International Affairs web bio. Retrieved 2017-01-10. 6. ^{{cite news|title=N.R.C. Nomination Shines Spotlight on Waste-Disposal|first=Matthew|last=Wald|date=June 10, 2013|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/06/11/science/earth/allison-macfarlane-nuclear-regulatory-commission-hearing-may-focus-on-waste.html?pagewanted=all&_r=1&|accessdate=July 31, 2013|work=The New York Times}} 7. ^{{cite news|title=Life after Yucca Mountain|url=http://www.technologyreview.com/qa/414029/life-after-yucca-mountain/|publisher=MIT Technology Review|first=David|last=Talbot|date=June 23, 2009|accessdate=July 31, 2013}} 8. ^{{Cite news|last=Mufson |first=Steven |title=Obama nominates George Mason professor Allison M. Macfarlane as NRC chairwoman |newspaper=Washington Post |date=May 24, 2012 |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/economy/obama-nominates-george-mason-professor-allison-m-macfarlane-as-nrc-chairman/2012/05/24/gJQAzCD6nU_story.html}} 9. ^1 2 3 {{cite web |title=Chair of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission: Who Is Allison Macfarlane?|url=http://www.allgov.com/Appointments_and_Resignations/ViewNews/Chair_of_the_Nuclear_Regulatory_Commission__Who_Is_Allison_Macfarlane_120611|publisher=AllGov|accessdate=1 August 2012}} External links
7 : Living people|George Washington University faculty|George Mason University faculty|Nuclear Regulatory Commission officials|People associated with nuclear power|University of Rochester alumni|Year of birth missing (living people) |
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