“Order of Mountjoy”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

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Order of Mountjoy

释义

Bibliography
Notes and references

{{more footnotes|date=February 2013}}{{Infobox order
|title=Order of Mountjoy
Orden de Monte Gaudio
|image=Cross of order of mountjoy.svg
|caption=The order emblem
|image2=
|caption2=
|type=Catholic military order
|date=1180
|battles = The Crusades, including:{{bulleted list|Battle of Hattin (1187)}}
|house=
|religion=Catholic
|head2_title=
|head2=
|notes=
}}

The Order of Mountjoy ({{lang-es|Orden de Monte Gaudio}}, also known as the Order of Trufac{{cn|date=November 2018}}) was a military order during the crusades.

The order of Montjoie is mentioned in the 13th century as having been founded for the purpose of protecting Christian pilgrims in Iberian Peninsula.{{cn|date=November 2018}} Established c. 1180, it was merged with the Order of Calatrava in 1221.{{cn|date=November 2018}}

The order was founded by Galician count Rodrigo Álvarez in the kingdom of Aragon, specifically in the castle of Alfambra in 1174,{{cn|date=November 2018}} and then established in the Holy Land at the time of the Third Crusade.{{dubious|date=November 2018}}

^[1]

Rodrigo was from the order of Santiago, and had already established the order in Castile and Aragon before establishing it in the kingdom of Jerusalem in the tower of Ascalon. The headquarters of the order in Jerusalem was situated on Montjoie, the hill where the original crusaders had first seen Jerusalem, hence its name ("mountain of joy", mons gaudii in Latin, Mont de joie in French, contracted in Montjoie{{dubious|date=November 2018}}).{{cn|date=November 2018}}

The rule of the order was adapted from the Cistercian rule, and was entirely a Spanish{{cn|date=November 2018}} order. The emblem of the order was a red and white cross.{{cn|date=November 2018}}

A number of knights from the order fought at the Battle of Hattin in 1187, but none of them survived.{{cn|date=November 2018}}

Discontentment with the leadership of the master Fralmo in 1196 led to the establishment of a new Order of Monfragüe in Castile while the Aragonese element of the order was merged with Templars. In 1221 Ferdinand III of Castile joined the order of Monfragüe to the Order of Calatrava.

The Order of Montesa, established 1317, was inspired partly by the suggestion to re-establish Montjoie after the suppression of the Templars.

Bibliography

Blázquez, A. (1917). "Bosquejo histórico de la Orden de Monte Gaudio". Boletín de la Real Academia de la Historia, 71:138–72.
Canal Sánchez-Pagín, José María (1983). "El conde don Rodrigo Álvarez de Sarria, fundador de la orden militar de Monte Gaudio". Compostellanum, 28:373–97.
Delaville Le Roulx, J. (1893). "L'Ordre de Monjoye". Revue de l'Orient Latin, 1:42–57.
Forey, Alan J. (1971). "The Order of Mountjoy". Speculum, 46(2):250–66.
O'Callaghan, Joseph F. (1969). "Hermandades between the Military Orders of Calatrava and Santiago during the Castilian Reconquest, 1158–1252". Speculum, 44(4):609–18.

Notes and references

1. ^"a society of gentlemen, who devoted themselves to the protection of Monte Gioia, or Mont Joie [...] According to some writers, the badge was a red cross, like that of the Knights Templars; others, that it was a red star of five points placed on a white mantle; but Palliott is positive that it was a white cross of five rays, and that their mantle was red."William Berry, Encyclopædia Heraldica: Or, Complete Dictionary of Heraldry (1828).

Montjoieli Annemizin Şövalyeleri

3 : Catholic chivalric orders|Orders of knighthood of Spain|Military orders (monastic society)

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