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词条 Order of the Red Star
释义

  1. Award statute

  2. Long service award

  3. Award description

  4. Noteworthy recipients (partial list)

     Six times  Five times  Four times  Three times  Twice  Singles   Units  

  5. References

  6. External links

{{Infobox military award
|name=Order of the Red Star
|image=Order of the Red Star.jpg
|image_size=200px
|caption=The Order of the Red Star (obverse)
|awarded_by=the {{flag|Soviet Union}}
|type=Single-grade order
|eligibility=Soviet military personnel
|for=Great contribution to the defense of the USSR in war and in peacetime and for ensuring public safety
|campaign=
|status=No longer awarded
|description=
|clasps=
|established=6 April 1930
|first_award=September 1930
|last_award= 19 December 1991
|total=3,876,740
|posthumous=
|recipients=
|individual=
|higher=
|same=
|lower=
|related=
|image2=
|caption2=Ribbon of the Order of the Red Star
}}

The Order of the Red Star ({{lang-ru|Орден Краснoй Звезды}}) was a military decoration of the Soviet Union. It was established by decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of 6 April 1930[1] but its statute was only defined in decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of 5 May 1930.[2] That statute was amended by decrees of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of 7 May 1936,[3] of 19 June 1943,[4] of 26 February 1946, of 15 October 1947, of 16 December 1947[5] and by decree No 1803-X of 28 March 1980.[6]

Award statute

The Order of the Red Star was awarded to soldiers of the Soviet Army, Navy, border and internal security forces, employees of the State Security Committee of the USSR, as well as NCOs and officers of the bodies of internal affairs; to units, warships, associations, enterprises, institutions and organizations; as well as to military personnel of foreign countries:[6]

  • for personal courage and bravery in battle, for the excellent organization and leadership in combat that contributed to the success of our troops;
  • for successful operations of military units and formations which resulted in the enemy suffering considerable casualties or damage;
  • for outstanding service in ensuring public safety and the security of the State Border of the USSR;
  • for courage and valour displayed during the performance of military duties, or, in circumstances involving a risk to life;
  • for exemplary performance of special command tasks and other outstanding deeds committed in peacetime;
  • for great contribution in maintaining the high combat readiness of troops, excellent performance in combat and political training, in the mastery of new combat equipment and other services associated with strengthening the defensive might of the USSR;
  • for merit in the development of military science and technologies used in training of the Armed Forces of the USSR;
  • for merit in strengthening the defence capabilities of the socialist community.[6]

The Order of the Red Star is worn on the right side of the chest and when in the presence of other orders of the USSR, placed immediately after the Order of the Patriotic War 2nd class.[4] If worn in the presence of Orders or medals of the Russian Federation, the latter have precedence.[7]

Long service award

The Order of the Red Star was also used as a long service award from 1944 to 1958 to mark fifteen years of service in the military, state security, or police. Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of 14 September 1957[8] emphasised the devaluation of certain Soviet high military Orders used as long service awards instead of their originally intended criteria. This led to the joint 25 January 1958 decree of the Ministers of Defence, of Internal Affairs and of the Chairman of the Committee on State Security of the USSR establishing the Medal "For Impeccable Service" putting an end to the practice.{{fact|date=February 2017}}

Award description

The Order of the Red Star is a red enamelled 47mm to 50mm wide (depending on the variant) silver five pointed star. In the center of the obverse, an oxydised silver shield bearing the image of an erect soldier wearing an overcoat and carrying a rifle, along the shield's entire circumference, a narrow band bearing the Communist motto in relief, "Workers of the world, unite!" ({{lang-ru|«Пролетарии всех стран, соединяйтесь!»}}), the band below the soldier bore the relief inscription "USSR" ({{lang-ru|«СССР»}}). Below the shield, the hammer and sickle also of oxydised silver. The otherwise plain reverse bore the maker's mark and the award serial number. The Order was attached to clothing by a threaded stud and screw attachment.[2]

When the order wasn't worn, a ribbon could be worn in its stead on the ribbon bar on the left side of the chest. The ribbon of the Order of the red Star was a 24mm wide silk moiré dark red with a 5mm wide central silver stripe.[4]

Noteworthy recipients (partial list)

The Order of the Red Star was awarded 6 times to 5 people, 5 times to more than 15 people, four times to more than 150 people, three times to more than 1,000 people. Below is a short partial list of such multiple recipients:

Six times

  • Colonel Philip Petrovich Onoprienko
  • Colonel Peter Petrovich Panchenko
  • Lieutenant Colonel Vasily Vasilevich Silantyev

Five times

  • Colonel Konstantin Ivanovich Malkhasyan
  • Major General Ivan Nikiforovich Stepanenko
  • Colonel Alexey Petrovich Yakimov

Four times

  • Lieutenant General Galaktion Alpaidze
  • Colonel General Georgy Baydukov
  • Colonel General Alexander Ivanovich Babaev
  • Colonel Valentin Gavrilov

Three times

  • Lieutenant Colonel Naum Shusterman
  • Lieutenant Colonel Anatoly Lebed
  • Army General Alexei Yepishev
  • Army General Gennady Ivanovich Obaturov
  • Captain (navy) Asaf Abdrakhmanov
  • Lieutenant General Alexander Vasilyevich Belyakov
  • Rear Admiral Aksel Berg
  • Admiral Nikolai Sergeyev
  • Aviator Olga Yamshchikova
  • Major Marina Chechneva

Twice

  • Marshal of the Soviet Union Sergey Akhromeyev
  • Marshal of the Soviet Union Nikolai Bulganin
  • Major General Georgy Beregovoy
  • Colonel General Igor Rodionov
  • Sergey Ilyushin
  • Semyon Nomokonov
  • Colonel Ivan Kozhedub
  • Colonel Dmitry Loza
  • Marshal of Aviation Alexander Pokryshkin
  • Marshal of the Soviet Union Boris Shaposhnikov
  • Senior Sergeant Yakov Pavlov
  • Admiral Arseniy Golovko
  • Rear Admiral Vladimir Konovalov
  • Admiral Gordey Levchenko
  • Admiral Ivan Stepanovich Yumashev
  • Army General Ivan Yefimovich Petrov

Singles

{{div col |colwidth=22em}}
  • Admiral Nikolay Gerasimovich Kuznetsov
  • Astronaut Vladimir Komarov
  • Ivan Gevorkian, famous Soviet Armenian surgeon and scientist.
  • Pavel Sukhoi
  • Natalya Kovshova, Red Army sniper. First Woman to receive the Red Star.
  • Andrei Tupolev
  • Astronaut Andriyan Nikolayev
  • Astronaut Pavel Popovich
  • Philosopher Grigori Pomerants
  • Major General Valery Bykovsky
  • Major Pavel Belyayev
  • Major General Alexei Leonov
  • Senior Lieutenant Simon Alexandrovich Marcus[9]
  • Mikhail Mil
  • Heydar Aliyev
  • Astronaut Vladimir Dzhanibekov
  • Pilot Khiuaz Dospanova
  • Lieutenant General Alexander Lebed
  • Vasily Degtyaryov
  • Marshal of the Soviet Union Vasily Chuikov
  • Manhattan Project spy Harry Gold (secret)[10]
  • World War II Soviet spy Elizabeth Bentley (secret)[11]
  • Cold War Nuclear Submariner, Seaman Sergei Preminin
  • Guards Sergeant Mariya Borovichenko
  • Vice Admiral Vasili Arkhipov
  • Tamara Pamyatnykh, female fighter pilot
  • Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn commander of a sound-ranging battery in the Red Army [12] and Nobel laureate for literature. [13]
{{div col end}}

Units

  • Alexandrov Ensemble
  • 89th Rifle Division
  • 9th Infantry Division
  • 80th Airmobile Regiment
  • 8th Army Corps
  • 7th Guards Airborne Division
  • 10th Guards Motor Rifle Division

In 2015 the Order of the Red Star award awarded to Ukrainian army units were removed as part of a removal of Soviet awards and decorations from Ukrainian military units.[14]

References

1. ^{{cite web | authorlink = Russian Government | title = Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of April 6, 1930 | publisher = Legal Library of the USSR | date= 1930-04-06 | url = http://www.libussr.ru/doc_ussr/ussr_3637.htm | language = Russian | accessdate =2012-03-27}}
2. ^1 {{cite web | authorlink = Russian Government | title = Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of May 5, 1930 | publisher = Legal Library of the USSR | date= 1930-05-05 | url = http://www.libussr.ru/doc_ussr/ussr_3646.htm | language = Russian | accessdate =2012-03-27}}
3. ^{{cite web | authorlink = Russian Government | title = Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of May 7, 1936 | publisher = Legal Library of the USSR | date= 1936-05-07 | url = http://www.libussr.ru/doc_ussr/ussr_4077.htm | language = Russian | accessdate =2012-03-27}}
4. ^1 2 {{cite web | authorlink = Russian Government | title = Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of June 19, 1943 | publisher = Legal Library of the USSR | date= 1943-06-19 | url = http://www.libussr.ru/doc_ussr/ussr_4435.htm | language = Russian | accessdate =2012-03-27}}
5. ^{{cite web | authorlink = Russian Government | title = Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of December 16, 1947 | publisher = Legal Library of the USSR | date= 1947-12-16 | url = http://www.libussr.ru/doc_ussr/ussr_4667.htm | language = Russian | accessdate =2012-03-27}}
6. ^1 2 {{cite web | authorlink = Russian Government | title = Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of March 28, 1980 No 1803-X | publisher = Legal Library of the USSR | date= 1980-03-28 | url = http://www.libussr.ru/doc_ussr/usr_10277.htm | language = Russian | accessdate =2012-03-27}}
7. ^{{cite web | authorlink = Russian Government | title = Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of September 7, 2010 No 1099 | publisher = Russian Gazette | date = 2010-09-07 | url = http://www.rg.ru/2010/09/15/nagrady-dok.html | language = Russian | accessdate =2012-03-27}}
8. ^{{cite web | authorlink = Russian Government | title = Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of September 14, 1957 | publisher = Legal Library of the USSR | date= 1957-09-14 | url = http://www.libussr.ru/doc_ussr/ussr_5225.htm | language = Russian | accessdate =2012-03-27}}
9. ^{{cite web |url=http://podvignaroda.ru/?#id=34828102&tab=navDetailManAward |title=Marcus Simon A. 1912g.r. |publisher=Ministry of Defence - Russian Federation |access-date=24 March 2017}}
10. ^{{cite book|last=Rhodes| first=Richard| title=Dark Star - The Making of the Hydrogen Bomb| publisher=Simon and Schuster| place=New York| ISBN=978-0684824147| year=1996| page=93}}
11. ^{{cite book|last=Rhodes| first=Richard| title=Dark Star - The Making of the Hydrogen Bomb| publisher=Simon and Schuster| place=New York| ISBN=978-0684824147| year=1996| page=388}}
12. ^{{cite web|url=https://pamyat-naroda.ru/heroes/podvig-chelovek_nagrazhdenie19998084/|title=Солженицын Александр Исаевич, Орден Красной Звезды :: Документ о награде :: Память народа|author=|date=|website=pamyat-naroda.ru}}
13. ^{{cite web|url= http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/literature/laureates/1970/ |title=Nobel Prize in Literature 1970|publisher=Nobel Foundation | accessdate =17 October 2008}}
14. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.president.gov.ua/documents/6462015-19568|title=УКАЗ ПРЕЗИДЕНТА УКРАЇНИ №646/2015|last=|first=|date=21 November 2015|website=|publisher=President of Ukraine|language=Ukrainian|trans-title=Ukaz President of Ukraine No. 646/2015|access-date=14 August 2016}}

External links

  • Legal Library of the USSR
  • Soviet-Awards.com A non-commercial website
  • Russian language, non-commercial website
{{Soviet awards}}{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2010}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Star, Order of The Red}}

4 : Awards established in 1930|Awards disestablished in 1991|1991 disestablishments in the Soviet Union|Military awards and decorations of the Soviet Union
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