| 词条 | Alternative R&B |
| 释义 |
|name = Alternative R&B |stylistic_origins = {{hlist|Contemporary R&B|indie rock[1]|electronic music|neo soul|hip hop|alternative rock}} |cultural_origins = Mid-2000s (decade), United States and Canada |instruments = |derivatives = |subgenres = |fusiongenres = |regional_scenes = |other_topics = {{hlist|African-American music|alternative dance|alternative hip hop}} |bgcolor = #0000E1 |color = white |subgenrelist = }}Alternative R&B (also referred to as PBR&B, indie R&B, experimental R&B, hipster R&B and emo R&B[2][1][2]) is a term used by music journalists to describe a stylistic alternative to contemporary R&B.[3][4][5][6] Etymology"Alternative R&B" was once used by the music industry during the late 1990s{{original research inline|date=October 2018}} to market neo soul artists, such as D'Angelo, Erykah Badu, and Maxwell.[7] There has been a variety of discussion about the differing genre terms, with several critics describing the music under the broad category of "alternative R&B" or "indie R&B".[8][9] The term "hipster R&B" has been commonly used, as has the term "PBR&B"—a combination of "PBR" (the abbreviation for Pabst Blue Ribbon, a beer most recently associated with the hipster subculture)[12] and R&B. The first use of "PBR&B" was on Twitter by Sound of the City writer Eric Harvey on a March 22, 2011, post.[10][11][12] Three years later, amazed and distressed at how far the term—meant as a joke—had traveled, Harvey wrote an extensive essay about it for Pitchfork.[13] Slate suggests the name "R-Neg-B", as a reference to "negging".[14] The genre has sometimes been called "noir&B".[15][16] However, the terms are often criticized for "pigeonholing" artists into hipster subculture and being used in a derisive manner.[17][18] CharacteristicsBarry Walters of Spin characterizes the unconventional style as an "exchange between EDM, rock, hip hop and R&B's commercial avant-garde", and cites The Weeknd's House of Balloons, Thursday and Echoes of Silence, Miguel's Kaleidoscope Dream, Kelela's Hallucinogen, Holy Other's With U, Drake's Take Care and Kenna's Make Sure They See My Face are works associated with alternative R&B.[19] Brandon Neasman of The Grio observes a "changing of the guard in R&B, from the smooth, cool heartthrobs to these vulnerable, off-kilter personalities" amid the prevalence of social media in society.[20] Neasman finds the subject matter of "these new-wave artists" to be more "relatable" and writes of alternative R&B's characteristics: {{quote|[A] lot of the production is echo-laden and lofty, often using a lot of synthesizers and filtered drums—sonically giving a nod to Prince's vintage '80s sound. Additionally, for the most part, it doesn't feel as if these artists are selling sex as their main entrée. Granted, they still sing about the topic, and in explicit detail, but it's in equal proportion to drugs, spirituality and personal philosophies. You don't get that same diversity in subject matter from the majority of modern R&B singers.[20]}}Hermione Hoby of The Guardian writes that "the music is quietly radical" and observes "an ongoing, mutually enriching dialogue between indie and electronic musicians and R&B artists."[21] Gerrick D. Kennedy of the Los Angeles Times feels that "the new movement feels like the most significant stylistic change in R&B since neo soul rolled around in the 1990s."[22] Janet Jackson's sixth studio album The Velvet Rope (1997) is cited as one of the genre's stylistic origins.[23] ResponseThere are two predominating opinions regarding alternative R&B as a classifier of sonic and lyrical characteristics within the larger R&B genre, the first of the two being a reluctant acceptance of its existence – if only for the sake of marketability. Stereogum described the genre as a group of "co-conspirators, not a unified movement."[24] Similarly in thought, How to Dress Well, while not offended by the term "PBR&B", finds it "tacky;" in an interview with Complex he points out that "if you put records [released by other alternative R&B artists] side-by-side, me and whoever, like you're just not going to [hear] the same sounds, period," before proceeding to cite Miguel as an example.[25] Miguel himself has said that he is "comfortable” with the term "indie R&B" because it "insinuates a higher art. Or a deeper or somehow more artistic delivery of rhythm and blues music. It suggest there's more artistry within a genre that has become more of a cliché of itself."[26]The latter opinion, however, does not approve of such ambiguous terminology, and points out the not only restrictive, but discriminatory nature of the moniker. Frank Ocean, when first asked in an interview with The Quietus, whether he considers "Novacane" to be an R&B song, responded, "You're limiting it. And that's why I always say that about the genre thing, because that's what it does. When you say 'it's that', you listen to it in a certain way. And you might not necessarily miss it, but it's just inaccurate, and you'll miss a couple of things, contextually."[27] He proceeds to point out that race and vocal delivery are stereotypical signifiers of R&B music, in turn forcing himself and his peers into a category they may not identify within; when considering Nostalgia, Ultra Oceans argues that if he were a different complexion and "people would listen to it and be like 'Yeah, he borrowed from R&B but it's just not R&B – it's a lot of things, and you can't just call it 'R&B.'"[27]In an interview with The Guardian, FKA Twigs rejected the term by declaring, "Fuck alternative R&B!" She further explained: "It's just because I'm mixed race. When I first released music and no one knew what I looked like, I would read comments like: 'I've never heard anything like this before, it's not a genre.' And then my picture came out six months later, now she's an R&B singer.'"[28] The Fader echoes her sentiment, stating "By adding the prefix, it sidelines R&B itself by implying it's not experimental, boundary-pushing or intellectual. It throws side-eye at the genre, while at the same time claiming to have discovered something worthy within it."[29] See also
References1. ^{{cite news |last=Phull |first=Hardeep |url=https://nypost.com/2012/11/25/whats-that-racket/ |title=What's that Racket? |newspaper=New York Post |date=November 25, 2012 |accessdate=July 25, 2017}} 2. ^{{Cite news|url=https://singersroom.com/content/2013-11-16/emonew-wave-songs-from-jordin-sparks-mariah-carey-jhene-aiko-lead-top-10-most-popular-rb-singles-of-the-week/amp/|title=Emo/New Wave Songs from Jordin Sparks, Mariah Carey & Jhene Aiko Lead Top 10 Most Popular R&B Singles of the Week. - Singersroom.com|date=2013-11-16|work=Singersroom.com|access-date=2018-10-19|language=en-US}} 3. ^{{cite web |last=Abebe |first=Nitsuh |url=http://nymag.com/arts/popmusic/features/indie-r-and-b-albums-2011-8/ |title=PBR&B Ten Pack |work=New York |date=August 14, 2011 |accessdate=January 29, 2013}} 4. ^{{cite web |last=Murray |first=Nick |url=https://www.villagevoice.com/2011/12/21/underwhelmed-and-overstimulated-part-iv-the-joys-of-nicola-roberts-and-the-problem-with-odd-future/ |title=Underwhelmed And Overstimulated, Part IV: The Joys Of Nicola Roberts And The Problem With Odd Future |work=The Village Voice |date=December 21, 2011 |accessdate=July 25, 2017}} 5. ^{{cite web |last=Beasley |first=Corey |url=http://www.popmatters.com/feature/152141-best-producers-of-2011/ |title=The Best Producers of 2011 |work=PopMatters |date=December 8, 2011 |accessdate=July 25, 2017}} 6. ^{{cite web |last=Asaph |first=Katherine St |url=https://www.villagevoice.com/2011/12/23/underwhelmed-and-overstimulated-part-seven-the-sorrows-and-fantastic-sound-system-of-young-drake/ |title=Underwhelmed And Overstimulated, Part Seven: The Sorrows (And Fantastic Sound System) Of Young Drake |work=The Village Voice |date=December 23, 2011 |accessdate=July 25, 2017}} 7. ^{{cite magazine |last=Mitchell |first=Gail |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mQ8EAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA42 |title=Reinventing The Real: R&B Gets Its Groove |magazine=Billboard |volume=112 |issue=23 |date=June 3, 2000 |page=42 |issn=0006-2510 |accessdate=July 25, 2017}} 8. ^{{cite web |last=Richards |first=M.T. |url=https://www.vibe.com/2013/08/10-unconventional-rb-acts-know-listen/ |title=10 Unconventional R&B Acts You Should Listen To |work=Vibe |date=August 19, 2013}} 9. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.thisisrnb.com/2011/04/discussion-hipster-rb-or-alternative-rb-should-the-genre-exist/ |title=Discussion: Hipster R&B Or Alternative R&B – Should The Genre Exist? |publisher=ThisIsRnB |date=April 6, 2011 |accessdate=January 29, 2013}} 10. ^{{cite web |last=Fennessey |first=Sean |url=https://www.villagevoice.com/2011/03/23/love-vs-money-the-weeknd-frank-ocean-and-rbs-future-shock/ |title=Love vs. Money: The Weeknd, Frank Ocean, and R&B's Future Shock |work=The Village Voice |date=March 23, 2011 |accessdate=July 25, 2017}} 11. ^{{cite tweet |last=Harvey |first=Eric |user=ericdharvey |number=50357404524752896 |date=March 22, 2011 |title=Okay, so out of the nascent PBR&B thing of Weeknd, How to Dress Well, Frank Ocean, it's not even a question that Ocean is the best, right? |accessdate=July 25, 2017}} 12. ^{{cite web |last=Barshad |first=Amos |url=http://www.vulture.com/2011/03/hilarious_new_subgenre_alert.html |title=Hilarious New Subgenre Alert! |publisher=Vulture |date=March 24, 2011 |accessdate=January 29, 2013}} 13. ^{{cite web |last=Harvey |first=Eric |url=http://pitchfork.com/thepitch/95-i-started-a-joke-pbrb-and-what-genres-mean-now/ |title=I Started a Joke: "PBR&B" and What Genres Mean Now |work=Pitchfork |date=October 7, 2013 |accessdate=July 25, 2017}} 14. ^{{cite web |last=Wilson |first=Carl |url=http://www.slate.com/articles/arts/the_music_club/features/2011/music_club_2011/best_music_2011_bon_iver_is_unlistenable_.html |title=Why was there so much whistling in pop this year? |work=Slate |date=December 28, 2011 |accessdate=January 29, 2013}} 15. ^{{cite web |last=Merchand |first=Francois |url=https://vancouversun.com/news/polygamy/Weekend+Extra+road+again+summer+music+festivals/11151074/story.html |title=Weekend Extra: On the road again to B.C.'s summer music festivals |work=The Vancouver Sun |date=June 22, 2015}} 16. ^{{cite web |last=Hudson |first=Alex |url=http://exclaim.ca/Music/article/weeknd-beauty_behind_madness_album_stream |title=The Weeknd 'Beauty Behind the Madness' (album stream) |work=Exclaim! |date=August 28, 2015}} 17. ^{{cite web |last=Cummings |first=Jozen |url=https://theawl.com/you-say-hipster-r-b-i-say-nappy-headed-pop-either-way-its-offensive-584bd39a3068 |title=You Say Hipster R&B, I Say Nappy-Headed Pop. Either Way, It's Offensive. |publisher=The Awl |date=March 30, 2011 |accessdate=July 25, 2017}} 18. ^{{cite web |last=Macpherson |first=Alex |url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/musicblog/2011/mar/29/the-weeknd-rnb |title=Ready for the Weeknd? Most R&B fans have better things to listen to |work=The Guardian |date=March 29, 2011 |accessdate=January 29, 2013}} 19. ^1 {{cite web |last=Walters |first=Barry |url=http://www.spin.com/2012/08/frank-ocean-miguel-and-holy-other-usher-in-pbrb-20/ |title=Frank Ocean, Miguel, and Holy Other Usher in PBR&B 2.0 |work=Spin |date=August 22, 2012 |accessdate=July 25, 2017}} 20. ^1 {{cite web |last=Neasman |first=Brandon |date=October 4, 2012 |url=http://thegrio.com/2012/10/04/changing-of-the-guard-how-frank-ocean-miguel-and-more-helped-rb-find-its-soul-again/ |title=Changing of the guard: How Frank Ocean, Miguel and more helped R&B find its soul again |publisher=The Grio |accessdate=October 25, 2012 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6BhQcnx4c?url=http://thegrio.com/2012/10/04/changing-of-the-guard-how-frank-ocean-miguel-and-more-helped-rb-find-its-soul-again/ |archivedate=October 26, 2012 |deadurl=no}} 21. ^1 {{cite news |last=Hoby |first=Hermione |date=November 8, 2012 |url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/2012/nov/08/the-weeknd-sense-and-sensibility |title=The Weeknd: Sounds and sensibility |newspaper=The Guardian |location=London |at=section G2, p. 12 |accessdate=November 8, 2012}} 22. ^{{cite news |last=Kennedy |first=Gerrick D. |url=http://www.latimes.com/entertainment/music/posts/la-et-ms-rb-renaissance-miguel-20121111,0,3483680.story |title=Miguel helps lead the charge for an edgier kind of R&B artist |newspaper=Los Angeles Times |date=November 11, 2012 |accessdate=November 10, 2012}} 23. ^{{cite web |author=DJ Louie XIV |url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/dj-louie-xiv/can-janet-get-a-hit_b_7589492.html |title=Can Janet Get a Hit? |work=The Huffington Post |date=June 16, 2015 |accessdate=February 25, 2016}} 24. ^1 {{cite web |last=DeVille |first=Chris |url=http://www.stereogum.com/1678647/indie-rocks-rb-movement-reaches-its-saturation-point/franchises/essay/ |title=Indie Rock's R&B Movement Reaches Its Saturation Point |publisher=Stereogum |date=April 30, 2014}} 25. ^{{cite web |last=Diep |first=Eric |url=http://www.complex.com/music/2012/09/who-is-how-to-dress-well/his-thoughts-on-the-term-pbrb |title=His Thoughts on the Term "PBR&B" – Who is How To Dress Well? |work=Complex |date=September 18, 2012 |accessdate=November 12, 2018}} 26. ^{{cite news |last=Jonze |first=Tim |date=February 8, 2013 |url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/2013/feb/09/miguel-kaleidoscope-dream |title=Miguel: the slow-burn success of a new R&B superstar |work=The Guardian |location=London |at=The Guide section, p. 10 |accessdate=November 12, 2018 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6EJ0C8V70?url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/music/2013/feb/09/miguel-kaleidoscope-dream |archivedate=February 9, 2013 |deadurl=no}} 27. ^1 {{cite web |last=Bradshaw |first=Melissa |url=http://thequietus.com/articles/07450-frank-ocean-interview |title='Imagery, And A Little Bit Of Satire': An Interview With Frank Ocean |publisher=The Quietus |date=November 22, 2011 |accessdate=November 12, 2018}} 28. ^{{cite web |last=Beaumont-Thomas |first=Ben |url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/2014/aug/09/fka-twigs-two-weeks-lp1 |title=FKA twigs: 'Weird things can be sexy' |work=The Guardian |date=August 9, 2014 |accessdate=November 12, 2018}} 29. ^{{cite web |last=Cliff |first=Aimee |url=http://www.thefader.com/2014/09/12/popping-off-fka-twigs-beyonce-alt-r-and-b |title=FKA Twigs Is Right, "Alternative R&B" Must Die |work=The Fader |date=September 12, 2014 |accessdate=November 12, 2018}} Further reading
2 : African-American music|Contemporary R&B genres |
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