“1936 in literature”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Events

January 8 – Jewish booksellers throughout Nazi Germany are ordered to turn in their Reich Publications Chamber membership cards, without which no one is permitted to sell books.^[2]

May – Greek poet and Communist activist Yiannis Ritsos is inspired to write his landmark poem Epitaphios by a photograph of a dead protester during a massive tobacco-workers demonstration in Thessaloniki; it is published soon afterwards. In August, the right-wing dictatorship of Ioannis Metaxas comes to power in Greece and copies are burned publicly at the foot of the Acropolis in Athens.^[3]

May 16-17 - About 30 left-wing writers of the Second Polish Republic gather to participate in the Lviv Anti-Fascist Congress of Cultural Workers.

August 18 – The 38-year-old Spanish dramatist, Federico García Lorca, is arrested by Francoist militia during the White Terror and is never seen alive again. His brother-in-law, Manuel Fernández-Montesinos, the leftist mayor of Granada, is shot the same day.^[4]^[5] Lorca's play The House of Bernarda Alba (La casa de Bernarda Alba), completed on June 19, will not be performed until 1945.

November 6 – Following its United States publication in 1934, the United Kingdom authorities decide they will not prosecute or seize copies of James Joyce's 1922 novel Ulysses.^[6]

November 23 – Life magazine begins publication as a weekly news magazine in the United States under the management of Henry Luce.

Scottish-born university teacher of English literature J. I. M. Stewart, writing as Michael Innes, publishes his first (lighthearted) crime novel Death at the President's Lodging, set in Oxford and introducing his long-running character Detective Inspector John Appleby of Scotland Yard.^[7]

The Carnegie Medal for excellence in children's literature is established by the Library Association in the United Kingdom. The first winner is Arthur Ransome for Pigeon Post.

New books

Fiction

Felipe Alfau – Locos: A Comedy of Gestures

Sutan Takdir Alisjahbana – Layar Terkembang (With Sails Unfurled)

Jorge Amado – Sea of Death (Mar Morto)

Eric Ambler – The Dark Frontier^[7]

Arturo Ambrogi – El Jetón

Djuna Barnes – Nightwood

Henry Bellamann – The Gray Man Walks

Stephen Vincent Benét – "The Devil and Daniel Webster" (short story, published in The Saturday Evening Post)

Georges Bernanos – The Diary of a Country Priest

Arna Bontemps – Black Thunder

Mary Borden - Action for Slander

Carol Ryrie Brink – Caddie Woodlawn

Edgar Rice Burroughs – Tarzan's Quest

James M. Cain – Double Indemnity

Morley Callaghan – Now that April's Here and Other Stories

Karel Čapek – War with the Newts (Válka s mloky)

John Dickson Carr

The Arabian Nights Murder
The Punch and Judy Murders (as by Carter Dickson)

Willa Cather – Not Under Forty

Louis-Ferdinand Céline – Death on the Installment Plan (Mort à crédit)

Peter Cheyney – This Man is Dangerous^[8]

Agatha Christie – Hercule Poirot novels

The A. B. C. Murders
Cards on the Table
Murder in Mesopotamia

Robert P. Tristram Coffin – John Dawn

Carmen de Icaza - Cristina Guzmán

John Dos Passos – The Big Money

William Pène du Bois – Otto at Sea

Daphne du Maurier – Jamaica Inn

Walter D. Edmonds – Drums Along the Mohawk

Mircea Eliade – Miss Christina (Domnișoara Christina)

William Faulkner – Absalom, Absalom!

Margaret Flint – The Old Ashburn Place^[9]

Gilbert Frankau – Farewell Romance

Konstantine Gamsakhurdia – Stealing the Moon({{lang-ka|მთვარის მოტაცება|tr}})

Jean Giono – Joy of Man's Desiring (Que ma joie demeure)

Graham Greene – A Gun for Sale

Winifred Holtby – South Riding

Aldous Huxley – Eyeless in Gaza

Michael Innes – Death at the President’s Lodging

C. L. R. James – Minty Alley

Mikheil Javakhishvili – A Woman's Burden({{lang-ka|ქალის ტვირთი}}, Qalis tvirti)

Storm Jameson

None Turn Back (The Mirror in Darkness III)
In the Second Year

Arthur Joseph – Dark Metropolis

Leo Kiacheli – Gvadi Bigva

Jonathan Latimer – The Lady in the Morgue

Jean de La Varende – Leather-Nose (Nez-de-Cuir)

Haniel Long – Interlinear to Cabeza de Vaca

Clare Boothe Luce – The Women

Andrew Lytle – The Long Night

A. E. W. Mason – Fire Over England

Henry Miller – Black Spring

Margaret Mitchell – Gone with the Wind

Naomi Mitchison – The Fourth Pig

John A. Moroso – Nobody's Buddy

Anaïs Nin – House of Incest

George Orwell – Keep the Aspidistra Flying

John Cowper Powys – Maiden Castle

Premchand – Godaan ({{lang-hi|गोदान}}, Gōdān, The Gift of a Cow)

Ellery Queen – Halfway House

Ayn Rand – We the Living

Erich Maria Remarque – Three Comrades (Drei Kameraden)

Kate Roberts – Traed mewn cyffion (Feet in the Stocks)

Sim Hun – Sangnoksu ({{Korean|상록수|常綠樹}}; "Evergreen (Tree)"; serialization concludes and book publication)

Israel Joshua Singer – The Brothers Ashkenazi (Di brider Ashkenazy, in book format)

John Steinbeck – In Dubious Battle

Rex Stout – The Rubber Band

Phoebe Atwood Taylor

The Crimson Patch
Out of Order

Frank Thiess – Tsushima

Aleksey Tolstoy – «Золотой ключик, или Приключения Буратино» (The Golden Key, or The Adventures of Buratino)

S. S. Van Dine – The Kidnap Murder Case

Vũ Trọng Phụng – Số đỏ (Dumb Luck)

Sylvia Townsend Warner – Summer Will Show

Carolyn Wells – Murder in the Bookshop

Ethel Lina White – The Wheel Spins (later The Lady Vanishes)

Children and young people

Edward Ardizzone – Little Tim and the Brave Sea Captain (Journal d'un curé de campagne)

M. E. Atkinson – August Adventure

Carol Ryrie Brink – Caddie Woodlawn

Joanna Cannan – A Pony for Jean (first of nine Pony series books)

Noel Langley – The Tale of the Land of Green Ginger

Munro Leaf – The Story of Ferdinand

John A. Moroso – Nobody's Buddy

Carola Oman – Ferry the Fearless

Arthur Ransome – Pigeon Post

Ruth Sawyer – Roller Skates

Lester Basil Sinclair (as John Mystery) – Why Cows Moo

Noel Streatfeild – Ballet Shoes (illustrated by Ruth Gervis)

Barbara Euphan Todd – Worzel Gummidge (first in the Worzel Gummidge series of eleven books)

Aleksey Nikolayevich Tolstoy – The Golden Key, or the Adventures of Buratino

Drama

Pralhad Keshav Atre
- Lagnāchi Bedi
- Udyāchā Sansār
W. H. Auden and Christopher Isherwood – The Ascent of F6
S. N. Behrman – End of Summer
Bertolt Brecht – Round Heads and Pointed Heads (Die Rundköpfe und die Spitzköpfe)
Noël Coward
- Tonight at 8.30
- Present Laughter
Mazo de la Roche and Nancy Price – Whiteoaks
Harley Granville-Barker – Waste (first public performance, 1927 version; originally written 1906)
George S. Kaufman and Moss Hart – You Can't Take It with You
Sinclair Lewis and John C. Moffitt – It Can't Happen Here (dramatisation)
Federico García Lorca – The House of Bernarda Alba (La casa de Bernarda Alba; written)
Clare Boothe Luce – The Women
Terence Rattigan – French Without Tears
Irwin Shaw – Bury the Dead
Ödön von Horváth
- Don Juan kommt aus dem Krieg (Don Juan Comes Back From the War)
- Figaro läßt sich scheiden (Figaro Gets a Divorce)

Poetry

W. H. Auden – Look, Stranger!^[10]
Gottfried Benn – Ausgewählte Gedichte (Selected Poems)
T. S. Eliot – Collected Poems 1909–35^[10] including "Burnt Norton", first of the Four Quartets
Patrick Kavanagh – Ploughman, and Other Poems
Michael Roberts (ed.) – The Faber Book of Modern Verse
Dylan Thomas – Twenty-five Poems^[10]
W. B. Yeats (ed.) – The Oxford Book of Modern Verse 1892–1935

Non-fiction

A. J. Ayer – Language, Truth, and Logic
John Dickson Carr – The Murder of Sir Edmund Godfrey
Graham Greene – Journey Without Maps
Richard Foster Jones – Ancients and Moderns: A Study of the Background of The Battle of the Books
Carl Gustav Jung – The Idea of Redemption in Alchemy (Die Erlösungsvorstellungen in der Alchemie)
John Maynard Keynes – The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money
Osbert Lancaster – Progress at Pelvis Bay
F. R. Leavis – Revaluation: Tradition and Development in English Poetry
C. S. Lewis – The Allegory of Love
Edwin Muir – Scott and Scotland
George Orwell – "Bookshop Memories"
Olavi Paavolainen – Kolmannen valtakunnan vieraana (Guest of the Third Reich)
J. R. R. Tolkien – "Beowulf: The Monsters and the Critics" (version of a lecture)

Births

January 10 – Stephen E. Ambrose, American historian (died 2002)
January 28 – Ismail Kadare, Albanian novelist and poet
February 18 – Jean M. Auel, American historical novelist
March 1 – Jean-René Huguenin, French novelist and literary critic (died in 1962)
March 7 – Georges Perec, French novelist, filmmaker and essayist (died 1982)
March 28 – Peter Mayer, English-born publisher (died 2018)
April 30 – Viktor Likhonosov, Soviet Russian writer and editor
May 10 – Anthea Bell, English translator (died 2018)
May 23 – Ian Kennedy Martin, English scriptwriter and novelist
May 27 – Ivo Brešan, Croatian playwright, novelist, screenwriter and satirist (died 2016)
June 3
- Duff Hart-Davis, English biographer and journalist
- Larry McMurtry, American novelist, essayist and screenwriter
June 9 – Nell Dunn, English playwright and author
June 23 – Richard Bach, American novelist and non-fiction writer
June 24 – J. H. Prynne, English poet
June 29 – David Rudkin, English playwright
July 22 – Tom Robbins, American novelist
August 24 – A. S. Byatt, English novelist
September 20 – Andrew Davies, Welsh novelist and screenwriter
September 26 – Victor Watson, English children's writer and academic
October 5 – Václav Havel, Czech dramatist and first president of Czech Republic (died 2011)
November 17 – John Wells, English satirical writer and actor (died 1998)
November 20 – Don DeLillo, American novelist
November 25 – William McIlvanney, Scottish novelist, short story writer and poet (died 2015)
November 27 – Dahlia Ravikovitch, Israeli poet (died 2005)
December 1 – Ma Văn Kháng, Vietnamese writer
December 5 – Lewis Nkosi, Zulu writer (died 2010)
December 11 – Ingvar Moe, Norwegian poet, novelist and children's writer (died 1993)
December 17 – Frank Martinus Arion, Curaçaoan novelist and poet (died 2015)

Deaths

January 5 – Ramón del Valle-Inclán, Spanish dramatist and novelist (born 1866)
January 17 – Mateiu Caragiale, Romanian novelist and poet (stroke, born 1885)
January 18 – Rudyard Kipling, English writer and Nobel laureate (born 1865)
February 7 – Elizabeth Robins Pennell, American biographer and critic based in London (born 1855)
February 8 – Rahel Sanzara, German dancer, actress and novelist (cancer, born 1894)
February 23 – Lidia Veselitskaya (V. Mikulich), Russian novelist, memoirist and translator (born 1857)
March 1 – Mikhail Kuzmin, Russian poet, musician and novelist (born 1872)
March 9 – A. de Herz, Romanian playwright and journalist (hemoptysis, born 1887)
March 16 – Marguerite Durand, French actress and journalist (born 1864)
April 30 – A. E. Housman, English poet (born 1859)
June 11 – Robert E. Howard, American fantasy writer (suicide, born 1906)
June 12 – M. R. James, English ghost story writer and scholar (born 1862)
June 14
- G. K. Chesterton, English novelist, poet and Catholic apologist (born 1874)
- Maxim Gorky, Russian dramatist (born 1868)
July 25 – Donald Maxwell, English travel writer and illustrator (born 1877)
July 26 – F. J. Harvey Darton English children's literature historian and publisher (born 1878)
August 8 – Mourning Dove, Native American writer (born 1884)
August 15 – Grazia Deledda, Sardinian-born novelist and Nobel laureate (born 1871)
August 19 – Federico García Lorca, Spanish dramatist and poet (shot, born 1898)
October 5 – J. Slauerhoff, Dutch poet and novelist (born 1898)
November 12 – Stefan Grabiński, Polish horror writer (born 1887)
December 10 – Luigi Pirandello, Italian dramatist and novelist (born 1867)
December 24 – Frances Garnet Wolseley, 2nd Viscountess Wolseley, English horticulturist and garden writer (born 1872)
December 27 – Kristína Royová, Slovak novelist, religious writer and poet (born 1860)
December 28 – John Cornford, English poet (killed in action, born 1915)^[11]
December 31 – Miguel de Unamuno, Spanish novelist, poet and scholar (born 1864)

Awards

Carnegie Medal for children's literature: Arthur Ransome, Pigeon Post
James Tait Black Memorial Prize for fiction: Winifred Holtby, South Riding
James Tait Black Memorial Prize for biography: Edward Sackville West, A Flame in Sunlight: The Life and Work of Thomas de Quincey
Newbery Medal for children's literature: Carol Ryrie Brink, Caddie Woodlawn
Nobel Prize for literature: Eugene Gladstone O'Neill
Pulitzer Prize for Drama: Robert E. Sherwood, Idiot's Delight
Pulitzer Prize for Poetry: Robert P. Tristram Coffin: Strange Holiness
Pulitzer Prize for the Novel: Harold L. Davis – Honey in the Horn

In fiction

William Boyd – The Blue Afternoon (1993)
Sebastian Faulks – The Girl at the Lion d'Or (1989)
Brian Friel – Dancing at Lughnasa (play, 1990)
Philip Kerr – March Violets (1989)
Anthony Powell – Casanova's Chinese Restaurant (1960)

References

1. ^{{cite book |last=Gibson |first=Ian |authorlink=Ian Gibson (author) |title=Lorca's Granada |isbn=0-571-16489-7|year=1992}}
2. ^{{cite news |last=Schultz |first=Sigrid |authorlink=Sigrid Schultz |date=1936-01-09 |title=Beef Shortage Drives Germany to Frozen Meat |work=Chicago Daily Tribune |page=13}}
3. ^{{cite book |authorlink=Kenneth Baker, Baron Baker of Dorking |first=Kenneth |last=Baker |title=On the Burning of Books |location=London |publisher=Unicorn |year=2016 |isbn=978-1-910787-11-3 |pages=66-8}}
4. ^{{cite book |title=The Assassination of Federico García Lorca |last=Gibson |first=Ian |year=1983 |publisher=Penguin Books |location=London |page=164}}
5. ^{{cite book |title=El assasinato de García Lorca |last=Gibson |first=Ian |year=1996 |publisher=Plaza & Janes |location=Barcelona |isbn=978-84-663-1314-8 |page=255 |language=Spanish}}
6. ^{{cite book |title=The most dangerous book: the battle for James Joyce's Ulysses |first=Kevin |last=Birmingham |location=London |publisher=Head of Zeus |year=2014 |isbn=9781784080723}}
7. ^¹{{cite book |first=H. R. F. |last=Keating |authorlink=H. R. F. Keating |title=Whodunit? – a guide to crime, suspense and spy fiction |location=London |publisher=Windward |year=1982 |isbn=0-7112-0249-4}}
8. ^{{cite book |first=John |last=Sutherland |authorlink=John Sutherland (author) |title=Bestsellers: a very short introduction |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2007 |isbn=978-0-19-921489-1 |page=94}}
9. ^[https://web.archive.org/web/20111007122152/http://www.istoriabooks.com/Old-Ashburn-Place.html]
10. ^¹²{{cite book|editor=Cox, Michael|title=The Concise Oxford Chronology of English Literature|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2004|isbn=0-19-860634-6}}
11. ^{{cite book |first=David Boyd |last=Haycock |title=I Am Spain |location=Brecon |year=2012 |pages=143–44}}

3 : 1936 books|Years in literature|Years of the 20th century in literature