| 词条 | Amanda Blackhorse |
| 释义 |
| name = Amanda Blackhorse | native_name = | native_name_lang = | image = | image_size = | alt = | caption = | birth_name = Amanda Leeh Blackhorse | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1982|02|01}} | birth_place = Kayenta, Arizona, Arizona | death_date = | death_place = | resting_place = | resting_place_coordinates = | monuments = | residence = | nationality = American Indian | citizenship = | education = | alma_mater = Haskell Indian Nations University (A.A.) University of Kansas (B.S.W.) Washington University in St. Louis (M.S.W.) | occupation = Social Worker Journalist Activist | years_active = 2010–present | spouse = | parents = | children = | organization = Arizona to Rally Against Native American Mascots | known_for = Protesting Washington Redskins name controversy and successfully stripping aforementioned sports team of trademarks surrounding said derogatory team name | relatives = | awards = | website = }}Amanda Blackhorse is a social worker and member of the Navajo people who is known for her work as an activist on the Washington Redskins name controversy. She is the lead plaintiff in Blackhorse v. Pro-Football, Inc. BiographyAs of 2014, Blackhorse is a psychiatric social worker on the Navajo Reservation, where she grew up. She has also worked at Arizona State Hospital.[1] While a student at the University of Kansas, she attended a game between the Washington Redskins and the Kansas City Chiefs at Arrowhead Stadium and reported:
Blackhorse v. Pro-Football, Inc.Blackhorse is the lead plaintiff in Blackhorse v. Pro-Football, Inc.,[3] which seeks to revoke trademark protection of the term "Washington Redskins".[4] The USPTO rejected an application to register "Redskins Hog Rinds" because it "consists of or includes matter which may disparage or bring into contempt or disrepute persons, institutions, beliefs, or national symbols".[5] Since 1992, the USPTO has rejected eleven applications for other trademarks that included the word redskins, based on the same reasons. Some of the applications were made by Pro-Football, Inc., including "Washington Redskins Cheerleaders".[6][7] On June 18, 2014, the Trademark Trial and Appeal Board (TTAB) of the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) voted to cancel the six trademarks held by the team in a two to one decision that held that the term "redskins" is disparaging to a "substantial composite of Native Americans", and this is demonstrated "by the near complete drop-off in usage of 'redskins' as a reference to Native Americans beginning in the 1960s." [8][9] In a press release the trademark attorney for the team stated that they were confident that they would once again prevail on appeal, and that today's decision will make no difference in the continued use of the Redskins name.[10] Plaintiff Amanda Blackhorse said in an interview, "We’ve been through this process for eight years now. We will continue to fight. And, you know, this is not the end for us."[11] In June 2017 the Supreme Court ruled that the provision of the trademark law barring disparaging names was an unconstitutional infringement on freedom of speech. That case (In Re Tam) involved the denial of a trademark for an Asian-American rock band, "The Slants".[12] Both the Native American petitioners and the Justice Department have withdrawn from any further litigation now that the Supreme Court has rendered the legal issue moot.[13] Blackhorse called the decision disheartening after 11 years of litigation. While it may be legal for the team to use the name, she said, that doesn’t make it right.[14] References1. ^{{Cite web| last = Finnerty| first = Megan| title = Amanda Blackhorse on besting Washington's NFL team| work = azcentral, The Arizona Republic| accessdate = 2014-06-19| date = 2014-06-18| url = http://www.azcentral.com/story/sports/nfl/2014/06/18/amanda-blackhorse-washington-nfl/10830269/}} 2. ^{{Cite news| last = Redden| first = Molly| title = Meet the Native American Woman Who Took on the Washington Football Team| work = Mother Jones| accessdate = 2014-06-19| date = 2014-06-18| url = https://www.motherjones.com/politics/2014/06/amanda-blackhorse-washington-football-team-trademark-lawsuit}} 3. ^{{cite web|url=http://ttabvue.uspto.gov/ttabvue/v?qt=adv&pno=92046185|title=United States Patent and Trademark Office|accessdate=October 16, 2013}} 4. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/sports/nfl/redskins/2013/05/09/native-americans-washington-mascot-fight/2148877/|title=New generation of Native Americans challenges Redskins|newspaper=USA Today|author=Erik Brady|date=May 10, 2013|accessdate=October 27, 2014}} 5. ^{{cite web|url=http://tsdr.uspto.gov/documentviewer?caseId=sn86052159&docId=OOA20131229163025#docIndex=0&page=1|title=UNITED STATES PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE (USPTO) OFFICE ACTION (OFFICIAL LETTER) ABOUT APPLICANT’S TRADEMARK APPLICATION|date=December 29, 2013|accessdate=2014-01-08}} 6. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/local/wp/2014/01/28/from-pork-rinds-to-cheerleaders-the-trademark-office-rejects-the-word-redskins/|title=From pork rinds to cheerleaders, the trademark office rejects the word ‘Redskins’|author=Theresa Vargas|date=January 28, 2014|newspaper=The Washington Post}} 7. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/pork-rinds-cant-be-sold-under-trademark-redskins-hog-rinds-agency-rules/2014/01/06/954feea4-7726-11e3-b1c5-739e63e9c9a7_story.html|title=Agency rejects trademark of ‘Redskins Hog Rinds,’ calling term ‘derogatory’|author=Theresa Vargas|date=January 6, 2014|newspaper=The Washington Post}} 8. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/06/19/sports/football/us-patent-office-cancels-redskins-trademark-registration.html?_r=0|title=U.S. Patent Office Cancels Redskins Trademark Registration|author1=KEN BELSON|author2=EDWARD WYATT|date=June 18, 2014|newspaper=The New York Times}} 9. ^{{cite news|url=http://ttabvue.uspto.gov/ttabvue/v?pno=92046185&pty=CAN&eno=199|title=USPTO TTABVUE. Proceeding Number 92046185|publisher=United States Patent and Trademark Office|date=June 18, 2014|accessdate=June 18, 2014}} 10. ^{{cite web|url=http://files.redskins.com/pdf/Statement-by-Bob-Raskopf-Trademark-Attorney-for-the-Washington-Redskins.pdf|title=STATEMENT BY BOB RASKOPF, TRADEMARK ATTORNEY FOR THE WASHINGTON REDSKINS|date=June 18, 2014}} 11. ^{{Cite web| title = Meet the Navajo Activist Who Got the Washington Redskins’ Trademark Revoked: Amanda Blackhorse| work = Democracy Now!| accessdate = 2014-06-19| date = 2014-06-19| url = http://www.democracynow.org/2014/6/19/meet_the_navajo_activist_who_got}} 12. ^{{cite web|title=15-1293 Martal V. Tam|url=https://www.supremecourt.gov/opinions/16pdf/15-1293_1o13.pdf|accessdate=19 June 2017}} 13. ^{{cite news|title=Washington Redskins win trademark fight over the team’s name|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/public-safety/2017/06/29/a26f52f0-5cf6-11e7-9fc6-c7ef4bc58d13_story.html|accessdate=30 June 2017| author1=Ian Shapira| author2=Ann E. Marimow| date=June 29, 2017| newspaper=The Washington Post}} 14. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.nhonews.com/news/2017/jul/18/advocates-fight-redskins-name-despite-court-ruling/| title=Advocates to fight Redskins’ name, despite court ruling in similar case| author=Nathan J. Fish| date=July 18, 2017| publisher=The Navajo-Hopi Observer}} External links
16 : Living people|1982 births|20th-century Native Americans|Navajo people|People from Navajo County, Arizona|American social workers|Journalists from Arizona|Native American journalists|American women activists|American civil rights activists|Native American leaders|Native American activists|Female Native American leaders|Haskell Indian Nations University alumni|University of Kansas alumni|Washington University in St. Louis alumni |
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