词条 | American Eagle (airline brand) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
释义 |
| image_size = 300px | airline = American Eagle | image = American Eagle.svg | caption = | IATA = Various | ICAO = Various | callsign = See Operators | aoc = Various | hubs =
|focus_cities=| frequent_flyer = AAdvantage | alliance = Oneworld (affiliate) | fleet_size = 609 | destinations = 242[2] | company_slogan = The World's Greatest Flyers Fly American. | parent = American Airlines Group | num_employees = | alt = American Eagle logo | founded = {{start date|1984}} in Fort Worth, Texas[3]{{start date|1998}} (second incarnation from Simmons Airlines) | commenced = | ceased = | traded_as = {{NASDAQ|AAL}} | ISIN = | headquarters = CentrePort, Fort Worth, Texas, United States | key_people = {{startplainlist}}
| revenue = See parent | operating_income = See parent | net_income = See parent | assets = See parent | equity = See parent | website = {{URL|www.aa.com}} | notes = }} American Eagle is an American brand name for the regional branch of American Airlines, under which seven individual regional airlines operate short- and medium-haul feeder flights. Three of these airlines, Envoy Air (formerly American Eagle Airlines), Piedmont Airlines, and PSA Airlines, are wholly owned subsidiaries of the American Airlines Group. HistoryPrior to the Airline Deregulation Act in 1978, most major US air carriers had maintained close relationships with independent regional carriers in order to feed passengers from smaller markets into the larger cities, and, in turn, onto the larger legacy carriers. In the post-regulation era, the hub-and-spoke system gained prominence, and in order to feed traffic from smaller markets into these newly established hubs, the major carriers outsourced regional operations to these smaller carriers. These relationships included the use of code sharing, shared branding, and listing regional partners in the computer reservations systems of the mainline carrier. American Eagle commenced service on November 1, 1984 with a flight from Fayetteville, Arkansas to Dallas/Fort Worth International Airport (DFW) . This flight was operated by Metroflight Airlines (a wholly owned subsidiary of Metro Airlines), using a Convair 580 turboprop aircraft. Metroflight also operated de Havilland Canada DHC-6 Twin Otter commuter turboprop aircraft on American Eagle flights serving DFW.[5] Other operators contracted by American Airlines to fly the American Eagle banner during this time included Air Midwest, Air Virginia (later AV Air), Chaparral Airlines, Command Airways, Simmons Airlines, and Wings West. On September 15, 1986, Executive Airlines joined the American Eagle system. With hub operations at Luis Munoz Marin International Airport in San Juan, Puerto Rico, the addition of Executive Airways to the American Eagle family opened up an extensive inter-island network throughout the Caribbean. Between 1987 and 1989 AMR Corp. (parent corporation of American Airlines) gradually acquired most its regional carriers, starting with Simmons Airlines. By 1991, AMR had consolidated its wholly owned regional carriers into four separate entities: Executive Airlines, Flagship Airlines, Simmons Airlines, and Wings West.[6] AMR would later purchase the assets of bankrupt Metro Airlines in 1993. At this point, AMR owned all of the airlines that were operating for American Eagle. On May 15, 1998, Flagship Airlines and Wings West were merged into Simmons Airlines, with the new entity given the name American Eagle Airlines. Along with Executive Airlines, these would be the only two operators using the American Eagle brand name for the next fourteen years.[6] After American Airlines acquired Trans World Airlines (TWA) in 2001, it retained the contracts with the carriers that operated under the Trans World Express banner, which, at the time, included Chautauqua Airlines, Corporate Airlines, and Trans States Airlines. However, instead of being integrated into the American Eagle brand, these carriers operated under a separate regional brand known as American Connection. This brand name was used for thirteen years before being discontinued in 2014. 2010s developmentsAs part of its restructuring and emergence from chapter 11 bankruptcy, AMR announced that it would start contracting American Eagle flying to carriers outside of its wholly owned subsidiaries. On November 15, 2012, SkyWest Airlines and ExpressJet Airlines, both subsidiaries of SkyWest, Inc. began operations for American Eagle.[7] On August 1, 2013, Republic Airlines a subsidiary of Republic Airways Holdings, commenced flying operations under the American Eagle branding as part of a 12-year capacity purchase agreement to operate Embraer E-175 aircraft for American Eagle.[8] On September 12, 2012 AMR announced the discontinuation of the AmericanConnection brand, and all operations were going to be integrated into the American Eagle brand.[9] However, Chautauqua Airlines, a subsidiary of Republic Airways Holdings and the only operator of American Connection flights at the time of the announcement, opted not to renew its contract. All AmericanConnection flights ended on August 19, 2014. American Eagle service operated by Executive Airlines ceased operations on March 31, 2013. At the same time, its base at San Juan was dehubbed. Due to the fact that an increasing number of other carriers were being contracted to fly under the American Eagle brand, it was announced on January 15, 2014 that American Eagle Airlines would change its name to Envoy Air. The name change took effect on April 15, 2014. Compass Airlines, a subsidiary of Trans States Holdings, began American Eagle operations on March 27, 2015, as part of a deal to operate 20 new Embraer E-175 aircraft on behalf of American. These aircraft are based at American’s Los Angeles hub.[10]Air Wisconsin had announced it would exclusively fly as United Express which commenced in March 2018, ending their involvement in operating flights under the American Eagle brand.[11]In May 2018, American Airlines announced the termination of its partnerships with ExpressJet and Trans States Airlines as of 2019, meaning the end of those operators conducting American Eagle flights.[12] Operators and fleetAs of April 2019, the combined American Eagle branded fleet consists of the following regional jet aircraft:
Former operators
• In January 1988, Nashville Eagle became AMR Corp.’s first and only start-up airline, using equipment acquired from Air Midwest. • Business Express was acquired by AMR Eagle Holdings Corporation in March 1999,[17] although it never flew under the American Eagle brand before being fully integrated into American Eagle Airlines, Inc. in December 2000. Historical turboprop fleetThe American Eagle brand, through its various regional and commuter airline partners, operated a variety of twin turboprop aircraft over the years including the following types:
Piedmont Airlines, a regional carrier wholly owned by American Airlines Group, and acquired through the merger with US Airways, was operating a fleet of Bombardier (formerly de Havilland Canada) DHC-8 Dash 8 turboprops for the US Airways Express regional brand. These aircraft had already been rebranded as American Eagle since the merger process is now fully complete. Destinations{{Main|List of American Eagle Airlines destinations}}Accidents and incidents
References1. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.aa.com/i18n/footer/eagleOverview.jsp |title=The American Eagle Network |publisher=American Airlines, Inc. |date=2015 |accessdate=December 28, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151203093257/http://www.aa.com/i18n/footer/eagleOverview.jsp |archive-date=2015-12-03 |dead-url=yes |df= }} 2. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.aa.com/i18n/aboutUs/american-eagle.jsp |title=Regional Airline Affiliate |publisher=American Airlines, Inc. |date=2015 |accessdate=December 28, 2015}} 3. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.aa.com/i18n/amrcorp/corporateInformation/facts/history.jsp |archive-url=https://archive.is/20120526202629/http://www.aa.com/i18n/amrcorp/corporateInformation/facts/history.jsp |dead-url=yes |archive-date=2012-05-26 |title=History of American Airlines |date=2015 |publisher=American Airlines Inc. |accessdate=December 28, 2015 }} 4. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.aa.com/i18n/aboutUs/corporateInformation/bios/main.jsp |archive-url=https://archive.is/20160316201741/http://www.aa.com/i18n/aboutUs/corporateInformation/bios/main.jsp |dead-url=yes |archive-date=2016-03-16 |title=American Airlines Group Executive Leadership Team |publisher=American Airlines, Inc. |date=2015 |accessdate=December 28, 2015}} 5. ^http://www.departedflights.com, April 15, 1985 Official Airline Guide (OAG), Dallas/Fort Worth flight schedules 6. ^1 {{cite web|title=A Short and Somewhat Confusing History of American Eagle, er, Envoy|url=http://crankyflier.com/2014/01/23/a-short-and-somewhat-confusing-history-of-american-eagle-er-envoy/|website=crankyflier.com|publisher=The Crankey Flier|date=January 23, 2014|accessdate=June 26, 2015}} 7. ^{{cite web|last=Associated |first=The |url=https://news.yahoo.com/american-air-signs-deal-contract-flying-skywest-165209289.html?_esi=1 |title=American Air signs deal to contract out some flying to SkyWest - Yahoo! News |publisher=News.yahoo.com |date=2012-09-12 |accessdate=2012-10-14}} 8. ^American Airlines confirms launch of E175 operations | CAPA. Centre for Aviation. Retrieved on 2013-08-16. 9. ^Sky Talk: Eagle won't fly American feed out of LAX, closing pilot and flight attendant base {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140201180008/http://blogs.star-telegram.com/sky_talk/2012/09/eagle-wont-fly-american-feed-out-of-lax-closing-pilot-and-flight-attendant-base.html |date=2014-02-01 }}. Blogs.star-telegram.com (2012-09-12). Retrieved on 2013-08-16. 10. ^{{cite news|title=Compass Airlines Selected To Operate 20 New Embraer E175 Aircraft Owned By American Airlines|url=http://hub.aa.com/en/nr/pressrelease/compass-airlines-selected-to-operate-20-new-embraer-e175-aircraft-owned-by-american-airlines|accessdate=28 August 2014}} 11. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.airwis.com/partners.html|title=Partners|website=www.airwis.com|language=en|access-date=2018-05-05}} 12. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-05-04/american-air-to-end-regional-deals-with-expressjet-trans-states|title=American Airlines Drops Two Regional Carriers as It Streamlines|access-date=2018-05-05}} 13. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.airfleets.net/flottecie/Envoy.htm |title=Envoy Fleet | Airfleets aviation |publisher=Airfleets.net |date= |accessdate=2016-09-08}} 14. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.flyingmag.com/envoy-continues-to-grow-embraer-fleet|title=Envoy Continues to Grow Embraer Fleet|date=2018-11-06|work=Flyingmag.com|access-date=2018-11-12|language=en}} 15. ^{{cite web|url=https://finance.yahoo.com/news/mesa-air-group-expand-partnership-183300880.html |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2015-07-20 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150114174006/https://finance.yahoo.com/news/mesa-air-group-expand-partnership-183300880.html |archivedate=2015-01-14 |df= }} 16. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.airfleets.net/flottecie/Mesa%20Airlines.htm |title=Mesa Airlines Fleet | Airfleets aviation |publisher=Airfleets.net |date= |accessdate=2016-09-08}} 17. ^"Company News: American Eagle Air buying Business Express." The New York Times. December 5, 1998 {{cite news |title=? |author= |newspaper=New York Times |date= December 5, 1998|url=https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9C06E6D81E3BF936A35751C1A96E958260 |accessdate=}} 18. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.ntsb.gov/ntsb/brief.asp?ev_id=20001213X25040&key=1|title=Scheduled 14 CFR Part 135: Air Taxi & Commuter Accident occurred Friday, February 19, 1988 in CARY, NC : Probable Cause Approval Date: 4/4/1989 : Aircraft: FAIRCHILD SA227-AC, registration: N622AV : Injuries: 12 Fatal. |accessdate=June 26, 2015 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070929121008/http://www.ntsb.gov/ntsb/brief.asp?ev_id=20001213X25040&key=1 |archivedate=September 29, 2007 }} 19. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.ntsb.gov/ntsb/brief.asp?ev_id=20001211X14941&key=1|title=Scheduled 14 CFR Part 135: Air Taxi & Commuter Accident occurred Sunday, June 07, 1992 in MAYAGUEZ : Probable Cause Approval Date: 10/10/1995 Aircraft: CASA 212, registration: N355CA : Injuries: 5 Fatal. |accessdate=June 26, 2015 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070929134721/http://www.ntsb.gov/ntsb/brief.asp?ev_id=20001211X14941&key=1 |archivedate=September 29, 2007 }} 20. ^{{cite web|url=http://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19941213-0 |title=ASN Aircraft accident British Aerospace 3201 Jetstream 32 N918AE Raleigh/Durham Airport, NC (RDU) |publisher=Aviation-safety.net |date=1994-12-13 |accessdate=2012-10-14}} 21. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.ntsb.gov/ntsb/brief.asp?ev_id=20001206X02708&key=1|title=Accident occurred Tuesday, December 13, 1994 in MORRISVILLE, NC : Probable Cause Approval Date: 6/22/1996 Aircraft: British Aerospace JETSTREAM 3201, registration: N918AE : Injuries: 15 Fatal, 5 Serious. |accessdate=June 26, 2015 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090120024249/http://ntsb.gov/ntsb/brief.asp?ev_id=20001206X02708&key=1 |archivedate=January 20, 2009 }} 22. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.ntsb.gov/NTSb/brief.asp?ev_id=20001207X03883&key=1|title=Scheduled 14 CFR Part 121: Air Carrier operation of SIMMONS AIRLINES (D.B.A. AMERICAN EAGLE ) : Incident occurred Sunday, July 09, 1995 in CHICAGO, IL : Probable Cause Approval Date: 3/21/1996 Aircraft: ATR 72-212, registration: N440AM : Injuries: 1 Minor, 64 Uninjured. |accessdate=June 26, 2015 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20051128095720/http://www.ntsb.gov/ntsb/brief.asp?ev_id=20001207X03883&key=1 |archivedate=November 28, 2005 }} 23. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.ntsb.gov/ntsb/brief.asp?ev_id=20040510X00578&key=1|title=Scheduled 14 CFR operation of Executive Airlines (D.B.A. American Eagle) : Accident occurred Sunday, May 09, 2004 in San Juan, PR : Probable Cause Approval Date: 12/8/2005 : Aircraft: ATR 72, registration: N438AT : Injuries: 1 Serious, 19 Minor, 6 Uninjured. |accessdate=June 26, 2015 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090120232131/http://ntsb.gov/ntsb/brief.asp?ev_id=20040510X00578&key=1 |archivedate=January 20, 2009 }} 24. ^NTSB Safety Recommendation July 10, 2006. Addressed to Honorable Marion Blakey, Commissioner, Federal Aviation Authority, pp. 1-4. Retrieved 2-15-09. 25. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.ntsb.gov/aviationquery/brief.aspx?ev_id=20060109X00033&key=1 |title=LAX06IA076 |publisher=Ntsb.gov |date=2006-01-02 |accessdate=2012-10-14}} 26. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.ntsb.gov/recs/letters/2006/A06_48_51.pdf|publisher=NTSB|title=Safety Recommendation|date=July 10, 2006|work=Federal Aviation Authority|pages=1–4|accessdate=2009-02-15}} 27. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.atsb.gov.au/publications/investigation_reports/2004/AAIR/aair200402415.aspx |title=Investigation: 200402415 - Saab Aircraft Co SF-340A, VH-KEQ |publisher=Atsb.gov.au |date= |accessdate=2012-10-14}} External links
7 : American Airlines|Regional Airline Association members|Oneworld affiliate members|Regional airline brands|Regional airlines of the United States|Airlines based in Texas|Airlines of the United States |
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