“Americans Battling Communism”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Americans Battling Communism Inc. (ABC) was an anti-communist organization created following an October 1947 speech by Pennsylvania Judge Blair Gunther that called for an "ABC movement" to educate America about communism. Chartered in November 1947 by Harry Alan Sherman, a local lawyer active in various anti-communist organizations, the group took part in such activities as blacklisting by disclosing the names of people suspected of being communists. Its members included local judges and lawyers active in the McCarthy-era prosecution of communists.

History

Americans Battling Communism, Inc. (ABC) was conceived in Pittsburgh when anti-communists in Western Pennsylvania expressed anxiety over what they saw as the infiltration of "Reds" into the Croatian Fraternal Order, a Croatian American society.^[1] In October 1947, Blair Gunther, an anti-communist local judge, organized a meeting of fifty prominent locals to discuss ways of campaigning against similar communist infiltration. Gunther spoke of the need to "expose the Reds" through "education" in the form an "ABC movement," which inspired the name.^[1]

ABC was chartered by lawyer Harry Alan Sherman in November 1947 as a "non-profit organization to combat Communism."^[1] The charter called for an "aggressive program for enlightening American people as to the purpose, the methods, and the agencies of the Communist organizations to the end that an enlightened and alerted public. . . shall take steps, including. . . security legislation as may be necessary to eliminate the threat posed by Communism to the American way of life."^[1]

The organization soon began to identify Communists or "left-wing sympathizers," whose names the local newspapers then published. A number of these people were immigrants who were threatened with deportation.^[2] Others were forced out of their jobs.^[2]

When Matt Cvetic, an FBI informant with a deteriorating relationship with the FBI, approached newspaperman James Moore with the offer of telling his anti-communist stories in early 1950, the newsman put him in touch with Gunther and Sherman.^[3] ABC came up with financial and other support, with Sherman becoming Cvetic's attorney and manager.^[4]

Left wing historian Daniel Leab argues that the organization was foremost a tool employed by Sherman for his personal purposes: "for much of its existence Americans Battling Communism was not much more than a façade that Sherman used to enhance his own prestige: thus, a press release would be sent out by Sherman, identifying him as the 'chairman of Americans Battling Communism: who would address the members of (you name it) on 'Communists in Our Midst' (or a similar topic)."^[1]

The group's membership included several Pennsylvania judges presiding over McCarthy-era trials against communists.^[5] Steven Nelson, one of the communists sent to jail in the McCarthy-era prosecutions, recalled his sedition trial under Judge Harry M. Montgomery, a member of ABC:

External links

References

1. ^¹²³⁴Leab, Daniel J. (2000). [https://books.google.com/books?id=_MDgEDx4voQC I Was a Communist for the FBI: The Unhappy Life and Times of Matt Cvetic.] University Park, Pennsylvania: Pennsylvania State University Press. pp. 44-47. {{ISBN|978-0-271-02812-5}}.
2. ^¹Weber, Michael P. (1988). [https://books.google.com/books?id=6iLEiXAgV0UC Don't Call Me Boss: David L. Lawrence, Pittsburgh's Renaissance Mayor.] Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press. p. 283. {{ISBN|0-8229-3565-1}}.
3. ^Leab, Daniel J. (1992). "'I Was a Communist for the F.B.I'. History and Reality in Pittsburgh, Washington, D.C., New York, Los Angeles, and Points In-Between". In Norbert Finzsch & Hermann Wellenreuther (Eds.), [https://books.google.com/books?id=cHdS3QcNMcoC Liberalitas: Festschrift für Erich Angermann.] Stuttgart: Steiner Verlag. pp. 472. {{ISBN|3-515-05656-4}}.
4. ^Leab, Daniel J. (1992). "'I Was a Communist for the F.B.I'. History and Reality in Pittsburgh, Washington, D.C., New York, Los Angeles, and Points In-Between". In Norbert Finzsch & Hermann Wellenreuther (Eds.), [https://books.google.com/books?id=cHdS3QcNMcoC Liberalitas: Festschrift für Erich Angermann.] Stuttgart: Steiner Verlag. pp. 472-473. {{ISBN|3-515-05656-4}};
Leab, Daniel J. (2000). [https://books.google.com/books?id=_MDgEDx4voQC I Was a Communist for the FBI: The Unhappy Life and Times of Matt Cvetic.] University Park, Pennsylvania: Pennsylvania State University Press. pp. 44-47. {{ISBN|978-0-271-02812-5}}.
5. ^Hoerr, John (2005). [https://books.google.com/books?id=MjU2a2spq5YC Harry, Tom, and Father Rice: Accusation and Betrayal in America's Cold War.] Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press. p. 134. {{ISBN|978-0-8229-4265-8}}.
6. ^Nelson, Steve (1955). [https://archive.org/details/13thjurorinsides00nelsrich The 13th Juror: The Inside Story of My Trial.] New York: Masses & Mainstream. p. 131.