词条 | Amina El Filali |
释义 |
Two years after the suicide, the parliament decided to modify Article 475; it was edited in 2014.[6] A documentary about Amina Filali was released in 2013, which found that there had been four similar incidents in the town's history.[7] Suicide and immediate reactionsAmina El Filali killed herself by ingesting rat poison. According to members of her family, she did so out of despair after being forced to marry Mustafa Fellaq, a man ten years older than her who had raped her twice. In spite of confusion in the accounts of her family and rapist-husband immediately after, Mustapha El Khalfi, the government's spokesperson and minister of Communications declared: "The girl was raped twice, the last one when she was married. We have to do an in-depth study of the situation and of the possibility of giving stricter sentences in the framework of a revision of article 475. We cannot ignore this tragedy."[8] The suicide immediately caused great national and international outrage. People shared the story and their outrage on social media. A twitter account and a hashtag #RIPAmina on Twitter were active with thousands of messages around the world, and an online petition "Avaaz-RIP Amina" had gathered more than 770 000 signatures by the month of April 2012. Although their numbers were much more reduced (200 to 400), people also demonstrated.[9] In Larache, sit-ins were organized in front of the court which would have been responsible for Amina's case. A demonstration was also held in front of Parliament with people holding placards saying: "We are all Aminas", "Clause 475 killed me", "RIP Amina."[9] International media also widely covered the story. They called for the punishment of the rapist, but mostly for a revision of a law considered outdated and criminal. In the words of Khadija Rouggani, a lawyer and activist: "She was a victim of a law article that erases a double crime: abduction or corruption of a minor and rape. The incriminated article 475 is only one of the numerous dispositions of the penal code that reveal its patriarcal and conservative philosophy. Women are reduced to bodies to be controled."[10] While the Minister of Justice Mustafa Ramid, from the governing Islamist Justice and Development Party, released a statement in which he mentioned Amina's consent rather than a rape, the Ministry of Justice itself published another release in which it assured that it respected the law and the higher interest of the child [Amina El Filali] by not suing. The Democratic league of women's rights filed a complaint so that Amina El Filali's husband might be judged.[10] In the meantime, Al Massae, Morocco's most popular daily newspaper, organized a roundtable and invited Boussama Hakkaoui, the Minister of Women, Family and Social Development (and the only female minister in the government), Amina's family as well as, more surprisingly, her husband, sparking further outrage, although he did not attend.[11] Article 475 and its modificationThe text of article 475 before it was amended in 2014 contained the following mention: "When a female minor of marriageable age thus abducted or corrupted has married her abductor, the later can only be sued if the plaintiffs qualify to ask for the annulment of the marriage, and can only be condemned after the annulment has been pronounced" ("Lorsqu'une mineure nubile ainsi enlevée ou détournée a épousé son ravisseur, celui-ci ne peut être poursuivi que sur la plainte des personnes ayant qualité pour demander l'annulation du mariage et ne peut être condamné qu'après que cette annulation du mariage a été prononcée").[12] The Moroccan government announced plans to repeal the law about one year after Amina Filali's suicide. The Parliament ultimately voted to modify the article on January 22nd, 2014, and the new article was issued in February 2014.[13] The mention of marriage was taken out. The current article 475 only states the following: "Anyone who, without violence, threats or fraud, abducts or corrupts a minor of less than 18 year-old is punished with one to five years in prison and a penalty of 200 to 500 dirhams."[14] However, feminist groups remained critical, underlining that other parts of the penal code still needed to be reformed, for example the distinction between "plain rape" and "deflowering rape", or the non-recognition of conjugal rape.[15] See also
References1. ^{{cite news|title=Amina Filali, Morocco Rape Victim, Commits Suicide After Forced Marriage To Rapist|author=Paul Schemm|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/03/14/amina-filali-morocco-rape_n_1345171.html|newspaper=The Huffington Post|date=March 14, 2012}} 2. ^{{cite news|title=Moroccans demand change to Islamic penal code after girl, 16, kills herself because judge forced her to marry her RAPIST|author=Lee Moran|url=http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2114884/Moroccan-girl-16-kills-judge-forced-marry-man-RAPED-her.html?ito=feeds-newsxml|accessdate=15 March 2012|newspaper=Daily Mail|date=14 March 2012}} 3. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.aljazeera.com/news/africa/2012/03/2012315134325471675.html|title=Moroccans call for end to rape-marriage laws|publisher=Al Jazeera|date=March 15, 2012}} 4. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-17379721|title=Morocco protest after raped Amina Filali kills herself|publisher=BBC News|date=March 15, 2012}} 5. ^{{cite news|url=http://news.sky.com/home/world-news/article/16189226|title=Teen Forced To Marry Her Rapist Kills Herself|publisher=Sky News|date=March 15, 2012}} 6. ^Morocco scraps law {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140307012407/http://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/world/morocco-scraps-law/964664.html |date=2014-03-07 }} Channel news asia 23 Jan 2014 7. ^http://www.jadaliyya.com/pages/index/10234/exposing-sexual-violence-in-morocco_an-interview-w 8. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.jeuneafrique.com/176963/politique/maroc-le-suicide-d-amina-al-filali-suscite-un-d-bat-national-sur-le-viol-et-le-droit-des-femmes/|title=Maroc : le suicide d’Amina Al Filali suscite un débat national sur le viol et le droit des femmes|date=2012-03-16|website=JeuneAfrique.com|language=fr-FR|access-date=2019-03-16}} 9. ^1 {{Cite web|url=https://www.liberation.fr/planete/2012/04/18/marocla-double-peine-damina_812668|title=Maroc : la double peine d’Amina|date=2012-04-18|website=Libération.fr|language=fr|access-date=2019-03-16}} 10. ^1 {{Cite web|url=https://telquel.ma/2012/05/22/scandale-amina-victime-de-la-loi_515_1896|title=Scandale. Amina, victime de la loi|website=Telquel.ma|language=fr|access-date=2019-03-16}} 11. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.lemonde.fr/afrique/article/2012/03/24/le-suicide-qui-bouleverse-la-societe-marocaine_1675191_3212.html|title=Le suicide qui bouleverse la société marocaine|date=2012-03-24|access-date=2019-03-17|language=fr}} 12. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.huffpostmaghreb.com/2014/01/23/maroc-loi-viol_n_4652813.html|title=Fin de l'impunité pour les violeurs au Maroc|date=2014-01-23|website=Al HuffPost Maghreb|language=fr|access-date=2019-03-17}} 13. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.huffpostmaghreb.com/2014/01/23/maroc-loi-viol_n_4652813.html|title=Fin de l'impunité pour les violeurs au Maroc|date=2014-01-23|website=Al HuffPost Maghreb|language=fr|access-date=2019-03-17}} 14. ^Law n° 15-14 modifying article 475, promulgated by dahir n° 1-14-06 of 20 rabii II 1435 (20 February 2014); Bulletin Officiel n° 6240 du 18 joumada I 1435 (20 March 2014), p. 2492: "Quiconque, sans violences, menaces ou fraudes, enlève ou détourne, ou tente d'enlever ou de détourner, un mineur de moins de dix-huit ans, est puni de l'emprisonnement d'un à cinq ans et d'une amende de 200 à 500 dirhams" 15. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/jan/23/morocco-law-rapists-marry|title=Morocco to axe law allowing rapists to go free if they marry their victim|last=Press|first=Associated|date=2013-01-23|work=The Guardian|access-date=2019-03-17|language=en-GB|issn=0261-3077}} External links
{{DEFAULTSORT:Filali, Amina}} 10 : 2012 deaths|People from Larache|Suicides by poison|Suicides in Morocco|Women's rights in Morocco|Year of birth missing|2012 in Morocco|Violence against women in Morocco|gender studies|Morocco |
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