| 词条 | Orsk |
| 释义 |
|en_name=Orsk |ru_name=Орск |kk_name=Жаманқала |image_skyline=St.Orsk.jpg |image_caption=Orsk railway station |coordinates = {{coord|51|12|N|58|34|E|display=inline,title}} |map_label_position=right |image_coa=Coat of arms of Orsk.jpg |coa_caption= |image_flag=Flag of Orsk.jpg |flag_caption= |anthem= |anthem_ref= |holiday= |holiday_ref= |federal_subject=Orenburg Oblast |federal_subject_ref=[1] |adm_data_as_of=November 2011 |adm_city_jur=City of Orsk |adm_city_jur_ref=[1] |adm_ctr_of=City of Orsk |adm_ctr_of_ref=[1] |inhabloc_cat=City |inhabloc_cat_ref= |inhabloc_type= |inhabloc_type_ref= |mun_data_as_of= June 2013 |urban_okrug_jur=Orsk Urban Okrug |urban_okrug_jur_ref=[4] |mun_admctr_of=Orsk Urban Okrug |mun_admctr_of_ref=[4] |leader_title=Mayor |leader_title_ref= |leader_name=Andrei Odintsov |leader_name_ref=[1] |representative_body=City Duma |representative_body_ref= |area_of_what= |area_as_of= |area_km2= |area_km2_ref= |pop_2010census=239800 |pop_2010census_rank=80th |pop_2010census_ref=[2] |pop_density= |pop_density_as_of= |pop_density_ref= |pop_latest= |pop_latest_date= |pop_latest_ref= |established_date=1735 |established_title= |established_date_ref= |current_cat_date=1865 |current_cat_date_ref= |prev_name1= |prev_name1_date= |prev_name1_ref= |postal_codes=4624xx |postal_codes_ref= |dialing_codes=3537 |dialing_codes_ref= |website=http://www.orsk-adm.ru/ |website_ref= |commonscat= |date=June 2010 }} Orsk ({{lang-ru|Орск}}, {{lang-kk|Жаманқала|translit=Jamanqala}}) is the second largest city in Orenburg Oblast, Russia, located on the steppe about {{convert|100|km|sp=us}} southeast of the southern tip of the Ural Mountains. The city straddles the Ural River. Since this river is considered a boundary between Europe and Asia, Orsk can be said to lie in two continents. Population: {{ru-census|p2010=239,800|p2002=250,963|p1989=270,711}} GeographyThe city is located where the Ural River turns from south to west and where the Or River comes in from the southeast (hence the name). It was part of the Orenburg Line of forts. HistoryOrsk was founded in 1735 in the process of the Russian colonization of Bashkiria and the Southern Ural region.{{citation needed|date=June 2010}} The first settlement was founded by an expedition headed by Ivan Kirilov as a military fortification at the Mount Preobrazhenskaya on the left bank of the Yaik River (presently Ural River). Originally called Orenburg, its name was changed to Orsk in 1739. In 1743, the name of Orenburg was transferred to the town which is now known under this name; it is located {{convert|250|km|sp=us}} west of Orsk. At its foundation it marked a southeastern projection of European Russia toward the steppes of Central Asia. It housed an exchange post and Russian customs that dealt with traders from Kazakhstan and Asia. From June 22, 1847 to May 11, 1848, the fortress of Orsk was home of the exiled Ukrainian poet and painter Taras Shevchenko. In 1861, the fortress was decommissioned and became a station of the Orenburg Cossack army. In 1865, Orsk was granted the city status and became the uyezd center in Orenburg Governorate.{{citation needed|date=June 2010}} The city grew dramatically starting from the 1870s. The population was mainly occupied with trade in cattle and grain, reprocessing of agricultural products, and various arts and crafts. Many women were involved in the business of weaving famous Orenburg shawls. By 1913, the population of Orsk was over 21,000, and by 1917 there were eleven churches and minarets, and sixteen educational facilities of various types and levels. During the Russian Civil War, from 1918 to 1919, Orsk withstood a three-month-long blockade and then four times changed hands between warring sides. In the 1930s, the construction of large industrial enterprises, which drew their resources from the mineral rich soils of the region, started. One of the most notable stones excavated within the Orsk city line in the Mount Polkovnik is jasper. Orsk jasper is revered for its variety of natural designs and colors. All colors except for blue are represented in this stone. Administrative and municipal statusWithin the framework of administrative divisions, it is, together with eight rural localities, incorporated as the City of Orsk—an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the districts.[3] As a municipal division, the City of Orsk is incorporated as Orsk Urban Okrug.[4] EconomyOrsk is the most important industrial center of Orenburg Oblast. The main industries are metallurgy, machine building, petroleum chemistry, food and light industries. Most important enterprises are Yuzhuralnikel, Orskneftetorgsintez, and Yuzhuralmashzavod. TransportationThe city is served by Orsk Airport. Education and cultureA branch of Orenburg State Institute of Management (OSIM) operates in the city. Other than that, there is one major institute in Orsk: Orsk' humanitary-technological institute. There are also a number of different schools and colleges, State Drama Theater, Museum of Local History, Laboratory of Archeological Studies, Children's Art Gallery, Children's Folk Theater "Blue Bird", and a municipal brass band. Some of the peculiar landmarks of industrial Orsk are forty archeological monuments including ancient settlements, mass and single grave sites. Those that have been excavated became famous in the scientific world. For instance, grave sites in Kumak, that date back to the Bronze Age provide convincing evidence to the hypothesis of Eastern European roots of Indo-European peoples. In the grave sites that date back to the early Iron Age (7th–6th centuries BCE) left by "savromatian" or "sormatian" tribes scientists found many ancient items including a clay vessel bearing the name of the Persian ruler Artaxerxes I, the sixth such vessel found in the world.{{citation needed|date=September 2015}} ReferencesNotes1. ^Official website of the Orsk Electoral Commission. Election results {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101211114755/http://izbirkom.orsk-adm.ru/izbirkomweb/www.nsf/0/8CA9AB966EE5E24FC52577B9001A739A |date=December 11, 2010 }} {{ru icon}} 2. ^{{ru-pop-ref|2010Census}} 3. ^1 2 3 Law #1370/276-IV-OZ 4. ^1 2 Law #2367/495-IV-OZ Sources
External links
3 : Cities and towns in Orenburg Oblast|Orenburg Governorate|Populated places established in 1735 |
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