| 词条 | Orthorhombic crystal system | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
In crystallography, the orthorhombic crystal system is one of the 7 crystal systems. Orthorhombic lattices result from stretching a cubic lattice along two of its orthogonal pairs by two different factors, resulting in a rectangular prism with a rectangular base (a by b) and height (c), such that a, b, and c are distinct. All three bases intersect at 90° angles, so the three lattice vectors remain mutually orthogonal. Bravais lattices{{further|Bravais lattice}}Two-dimensionalIn two dimensions there are two orthorhombic Bravais lattices: Primitive rectangular and centered rectangular. The primitive rectangular lattice can also be described by a centered rhombic unit cell, while the centered rectangular lattice can also be described by a primitive rhombic unit cell. Three-dimensionalIn three dimensions, there are four orthorhombic Bravais lattices: primitive orthorhombic, base-centered orthorhombic, body-centered orthorhombic, and face-centered orthorhombic.
In the orthorhombic system there is a rarely used second choice of crystal axes that results in a unit cell with the shape of a right rhombic prism;[1] it can be constructed because the rectangular two-dimensional base layer can also be described with rhombic axes. In this axis setting, the primitive and base-centered lattices swap in centering type, while the same thing happens with the body-centered and face-centered lattices. Crystal classesThe orthorhombic crystal system class names, examples, Schönflies notation, Hermann-Mauguin notation, point groups, International Tables for Crystallography space group number,[2] orbifold notation, type, and space groups are listed in the table below.
See also
References1. ^See {{harvp|Hahn|2002|p=746}}, row oC, column Primitive, where the cell parameters are given as a1 = a2, α = β = 90° 2. ^{{cite book |title=International Tables for Crystallography |doi=10.1107/97809553602060000001 |isbn=978-1-4020-4969-9 |editor-first=E. |editor-last=Prince |year=2006 |publisher= International Union of Crystallography}} 3. ^{{cite web |title=The 32 crystal classes |url=https://www.tulane.edu/~sanelson/eens211/32crystalclass.htm |accessdate=2018-06-19}} Further reading
1 : Crystal systems |
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