| 词条 | Oshun |
| 释义 |
| type = Yoruba | name = Ọṣun Oshun | other_names = Ochún, Oxúm | member_of = the Orisha | venerated_in = Yoruba religion, Dahomey mythology, Vodun, Santería, Candomblé, Haitian Vodou | image = Oxun.jpg | caption = | deity_of = Love, Beauty, intimacy, Freshwater, Osun River, Wealth, Diplomacy | region = Nigeria, Benin, Latin America, Haiti, Cuba | ethnic_group = Yoruba people, Fon people | spouse = Sango, Erinle }}Oshun (known as Ochún or Oxúm in Latin America) also spelled Ọṣun, is an orisha, a spirit, a deity, or a goddess that reflects one of the manifestations of God in the Ifá and Yoruba religions. She is one of the most popular and venerated orishas. Oshun is the deity of the river and fresh water, luxury and pleasure, sexuality and fertility, and beauty and love.[1][2] She is connected to destiny and divination.[3] During the life of the mortal Oshun, she served as princess consort to King Shango of Oyo. Following her posthumous deification, she was admitted to the Yoruba pantheon as an aspect of a primordial divinity of the same name. She is the patron saint of the Osun River in Nigeria, which bears her name. The river has its source in Ekiti State, in the west of Nigeria, and passes through the city of Oshogbo, where Osun-Osogbo Sacred Grove, the principal sanctuary of the deity, is located.[1] Oshun is honored at the Osun-Osogbo Festival, a two-week-long annual festival that usually takes place in August, at the Osun-Osogbo Sacred Grove on the banks of the river.[5][6] Oshun is syncretized with Our Lady of Charity, patron saint of Cuba, and Our Lady of Aparecida, the patron saint of Brazil. In Trinidad she is associated with St. Philomena and the Hindu deity Ganga Mai or Mother Ganges.[7][8][9] SummaryPrimordial OshunAccording to the Ifa Literary Corpus in Ose Otura, Ọṣun was the only female Irunmole (primordial spirit) sent to create the world by Olodumare. The other spirits that were sent began the work and ignored Ọṣun. Ọṣun gathered the women together and protested the blatant disrespect by forming Iyami Aje, a band of women endowed with special power. The male spirits failed miserably and when they inquired of Olodumare why they weren't succeeding, Olodumare informed them that nothing can be done with out Ọṣun. Anything they attempt to do without women will fail. The male Irunmole then hurried to beg Ọṣun to join them.[1] Mortal OshunWhile still a mortal, Oshun is said to have gone to a drum festival one day and to have fallen in love with Shango. Since that day, Shango has been married to Oba, Oya, and Oshun, though Oshun is said to be his favourite.[2] Other stanzas in the Ifa Literary Corpus say that she was also married to Orunmila, who later became the Orisha of Wisdom and Divination. It is also said that Oshun was the first woman to be referred to as an Iyalode. Ceremonies and Ritual ColorsOshun is the orisha of the river. Her devotees leave her offerings and perform ceremonies at bodies of fresh water such as rivers, streams and canals. She is associated with the colours gold/deep yellow in most of the diaspora and in Nigeria, white, yellow and green. In Trinidad, she is associated with the colour pink.[12] AbèbèThe abèbè is the ritual object most associated with Ọṣun. The abèbè is a fan in circular form. In Afro-Brazilian religion, it is made of brass or gold, sometimes with a mirror in the center. The abèbè (or abebé in Portuguese) is used in the rituals of Candomblé, Xangô do Nordeste, Xambá, Batuque, and Omolokô.[6] BrazilOxum (Ọṣun in Portuguese) is a female orixá adopted and worshiped in all Afro-Brazilian religions. She is the orixá of the fresh water of rivers and waterfalls; of wealth and prosperity; of love; and of beauty. Followers seek help for romantic problems from Oxum; the orixá is also responsible for marriage and other relationships. As the orixá of financial life, she is also called the "Lady of Gold". This referred to copper at one time for being the most valuable metal of the time. Oxum is worshiped at rivers and waterfalls, and more rarely, near mineral water sources. She is a symbol of sensitivity and is identified by weeping.[6] The qualities or manifestations of Oxum include:
CandombléIn Candomblé Bantu Oxum is called Nkisi Ndandalunda, the Lady of Fertility and Moon. Hongolo and Kisimbi have similarities with Oxum, and the three are often confused. In Candomblé Ketu Oxum is the deity of fresh water; the patron of gestation and fecundity; and receives the prayers of women who wish to have children and protect them during pregnancy. Oxum also protects small children until they begin to speak; she is affectionately called "Mamãe" ("Mama") by her devotees.[6] Plants associated with Oxum in Brazil are aromatic, sweet, an often yellow, reflecting the qualities of the Orixá. They include mints (Lamiacaea). Oxum is associated with the folha-de-dez-réis (Hydrocotyle cybelleta), a plant of the pennywort family. Many species are brilliant yellow, reflecting Oxum's association with gold and wealth. She is also associated with folha-da-fortuna, or Kalanchoe pinnata. Violín for OchunA violín is a type of musical ceremony in Regla de Ocha performed for Ochún. It includes both European classical music and Cuban popular music.[3] References1. ^{{Cite book|title=Iyanifa: Women of Wisdom|last=Kumari|first=Ayele|publisher=maat Group|year=2013|isbn=978-1500492892|location=uSA|pages=40|via=}} [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12]2. ^{{cite book|last1=Matory|first1=J. Lorand|title=Sex and the Empire That Is No More: Gender and the Politics of Metaphor in Oyo Yoruba Religion|date=2005|publisher=Berghahn Books|isbn=9781571813077|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Jfe9BAAAQBAJ&pg=PR1|accessdate=21 June 2016}} 3. ^ A VIOLIN FOR OCHÚN-WITH REGGAETON! By Johnny Frías. Cuba Counterpoints, Nov 2016 4. ^1 {{cite book|last1=Dabydeen|first1=David|last2=Samaroo|first2=Brinsley|title=Across the Dark Waters: Ethnicity and Indian Identity in the Caribbean|date=1996|publisher=Macmillan Caribbean|isbn=9780333535080|page=96}} 5. ^1 2 3 4 5 {{cite book | last = Lopes | first = Nei | title = Enciclopédia brasileira da diáspora africana | publisher = Selo Negro Edições | location = São Paulo, SP | year = 2004 | isbn = 8587478214 |page=505}} 6. ^1 {{cite book|last=Thompson| first= Robert Farris|year=1983|title=Flash of the Spirit|publisher=Vintage Books|page=79}} 7. ^1 {{cite book|last1=Lum|first1=Kenneth Anthony|title=Praising His Name In The Dance: Spirit Possession in the Spiritual Baptist Faith and Orisha Work in Trinidad, West Indies|date=2013|publisher=Routledge|isbn=9781136766305|page=123}} 8. ^1 {{cite book|last1=Monaghan|first1=Monaghan|title=Encyclopedia of Goddesses and Heroines|date=2014|publisher=New World Library|isbn=9781608682188|page=15}} 9. ^1 2 {{cite book|last1=Murrell|first1=Nathaniel Samuel|title=Afro-Caribbean Religions: An Introduction to Their Historical, Cultural, and Sacred Traditions|date=2009|publisher=Temple University Press|isbn=9781439901755|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9h5KDRfZ-JgC&pg=PA35}} 10. ^1 {{cite book|last1=Coleman|first1=Monica A.|editor1-last=Pinn|editor1-first=Anthony B.|title=African American Religious Cultures|date=2006|isbn=9781576074701|page=501|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xEEIY4Q1ZAIC&pg=PA133|chapter=African American Religion and Gender}} 11. ^1 {{cite web|last1=Martine|first1=Ife|title=A Yoruba Festival Tradition Continues: 50 Incredible Photos Celebrating The River Goddess Oshun|url=http://www.okayafrica.com/culture-2/osun-osogbo-festival-2015-photos/|website=OkayAfrica.com|accessdate=21 June 2016}} 12. ^1 {{cite book|last1=Stewart|first1=Dianne M .|editor1-last=Skinner|editor1-first=Rosemary Kelly|display-editors=etal|title=Encyclopedia of Women and Religion in North America: Women and religion: methods of study and reflection|date=2006|publisher=Indiana University Press|isbn=9780253346865|page=120|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EoJrHDirVQUC&pg=PA120|chapter=Women in African Caribbean Traditions}} }} Further reading
External links
7 : Brazilian mythology|Folk saints|Yoruba goddesses|Love and lust goddesses|Santería|Fertility goddesses|Sea and river goddesses |
| 随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。