| 词条 | Oskar Minkowski |
| 释义 |
|name = Oskar Minkowski |image = Minkowski.JPG |image_size = |caption = |birth_date = 13 January 1858 |birth_place = Aleksotas, Kovno Governorate, Russian Empire (now Lithuania) |death_date = {{death-date and age|18 July 1931|13 January 1858}} |death_place = Mecklenburg-Strelitz, Germany |residence = |citizenship = |nationality = |ethnicity = |field = |work_institutions = University of Breslau |alma_mater = |doctoral_advisor = |doctoral_students = |known_for = pancreas and diabetes |author_abbrev_bot = |author_abbrev_zoo = |influences = Josef von Mering |influenced = |prizes = |religion = |footnotes = |signature = }} Oskar Minkowski ({{IPAc-en|m|ɪ|ŋ|ˈ|k|ɔː|f|s|k|i|,_|-|ˈ|k|ɒ|f|-}};[1] {{IPA-de|mɪŋˈkɔfski|lang}} 13 January 1858 – 18 July 1931) held a professorship at the University of Breslau and is most famous for his research on diabetes. He was the brother of the mathematician Hermann Minkowski and father of astrophysicist Rudolph Minkowski. Life and careerBorn in Aleksotas, of Jewish origin,[2][3], but later converted to Christianity.[4] Minkowski was the son of Rachel (née Taubmann) and Lewin Boruch Minkowski (1825–1884), a first-guild merchant, who subsidized construction of the choral synagogue in Kovno.[2] Discovery of the role of pancreas in diabetesMinkowski worked with Josef von Mering on the study of diabetes at the University of Strasbourg. Their landmark study in 1889 in dogs induced diabetes by removing their pancreas. It was Minkowski who performed the operation and made the crucial link to recognize that the symptoms of the treated dogs were due to diabetes.[5] Thus they were able to indicate that the pancreas contained regulators to control blood sugar; they also provided a model for the study of diabetes. Their work led other doctors and scientists to pursue further research on the relation of the pancreas to diabetes, and ultimately resulted in the discovery of insulin as a treatment for the disease.
Minkowski PrizeIn recognition of the discovery by Minkowski the European Association for the Study of Diabetes annually awards the Minkowski Prize for outstanding original work of a younger investigator in diabetes research.[6] See also
References1. ^ . Random House Webster's Unabridged Dictionary. 2. ^1 Minkowski biography. History.mcs.st-andrews.ac.uk (1909-01-12). Retrieved on 2014-07-23. 3. ^Oskar Minkowski. Diabetologia-journal.org (1931-06-18). Retrieved on 2014-07-23. 4. ^{{Cite journal |doi = 10.1007/BF00271257|pmid = 2680696|title = Oskar Minkowski: Discovery of the pancreatic origin of diabetes, 1889|journal = Diabetologia|volume = 32|issue = 7|pages = 399–401|year = 1989|last1 = Luft|first1 = R}} 5. ^{{cite journal|last1=Roberts|first1=Jacob|title=Sickening sweet|journal=Distillations|date=2015|volume=1|issue=4|pages=12–15|url=https://www.sciencehistory.org/distillations/magazine/sickening-sweet|accessdate=20 March 2018}} 6. ^Minkowski Prize. easd.org External links{{Commons category}}
7 : 1858 births|1931 deaths|University of Strasbourg alumni|University of Greifswald faculty|University of Strasbourg faculty|German diabetologists|Lithuanian Jews |
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