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词条 Osman II
释义

  1. Early life

  2. Reign

  3. Death

  4. Family

  5. In popular culture

  6. See also

  7. Notes

  8. External links

{{more citations needed|date=September 2016}}{{Infobox royalty
| name = Osman II
عثمان ثانى
| nickname = Osman the Young
| title = Sultan of the Ottoman Empire
Kayser-i Rûm
Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques
Ottoman Caliph
| titletext =
| more =
| image = Genç Osman.JPG
| alt =
| caption =
| succession = 16th Ottoman Sultan (Emperor)
| moretext =
| reign = {{nowrap|26 February 1618 – 20 May 1622}}
| coronation =
| cor-type =
| predecessor = Mustafa I
| regent =
| reg-type =
| successor = Mustafa I
| birth_date = 3 November 1604
| birth_place = Topkapi Palace, Istanbul, Ottoman Empire
| death_date = 20 May 1622 (aged 17)
| death_place = Yedikule Fortress, Istanbul, Ottoman Empire
| burial_date =
| burial_place = Sultan Ahmed Mosque, Istanbul
| spouse = Ayşe Sultan
Akile Hatun

| spouse-type = Consorts
| full name = Osman bin Ahmed
| issue = Şehzade Ömer
Shezade Mustafa
Zenep Sultan
| house = Ottoman
| house-type = Dynasty
| father = Sultan Ahmed I
| mother = Mahfiruz Hatice Sultan
| signature_type = Tughra
| religion = Sunni Islam
| type =
| image_size =
| signature = Tughra of Osman II.JPG
}}

Osman II ({{lang-ota|عثمان ثانى}} ‘Osmān-i sānī; 3 November 1604 – 20 May 1622), commonly known in Turkey as Genç Osman ("Osman the Young" in English), was the Sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1618 until his death by regicide on 20 May 1622.

Early life

Osman II was born at Topkapı Palace, Constantinople, the son of Sultan Ahmed I (1603–17) and one of his consorts Mahfiruz Hatun. According to later traditions, at a young age, his mother had paid a great deal of attention to Osman's education, as a result of which Osman II became a known poet and would have mastered many languages, including Arabic, Persian, Greek, Latin, and Italian; this has been refuted since.[1]

Osman's failure to capture the throne at the death of his father Ahmed may have been caused by the absence of a mother to lobby in his favor; his own mother probably already dead or in exile.

Reign

Osman II ascended the throne at the age of 14 as the result of a coup d'état against his uncle Mustafa I "the Intestable" (1617–18, 1622–23). Despite his youth, Osman II soon sought to assert himself as a ruler, and after securing the empire's eastern border by signing a peace treaty (Treaty of Serav) with Safavid Persia, he personally led the Ottoman invasion of Poland during the Moldavian Magnate Wars. Forced to sign a peace treaty with the Poles after the Battle of Chotin (Chocim) (which was, in fact, a siege of Chotin defended by the Lithuanian–Polish hetman Jan Karol Chodkiewicz) in September–October, 1621, Osman II returned home to Constantinople in shame, blaming the cowardice of the Janissaries and the insufficiency of his statesmen for his humiliation.{{citation needed|date=October 2016}}

The basic and exceptional weakness from which Osman II suffered was the conspicuous absence of a female power basis in the harem. From 1620 until Osman's death, a governess (daye hatun, lit. wet-nurse) was appointed as a stand-in valide, and she could not counterbalance the contriving of Mustafa I's mother in the Old Palace. Although he did have a loyal chief black eunuch at his side, this could not compensate for the absence of what in the politics of that period was a winning combination, valide sultan–chief black eunuch, especially in the case of a young and very ambitious ruler.[2] According to Piterberg, Osman II did not have haseki sultan, opposite with Peirce who claim that Ayşe was Osman's haseki. But it is clear that Ayşe could not take valide's role during her spouse's reign.{{citation needed|date=October 2016}}

Death

{{multiple image
|align=right
|direction=vertical
|header=Sultan Osman the Young was strangled in Yedikule Zindans in 1622
|width=262
|image1=Scarella - Yedikule.png
|caption1=Yedikule Fortress in 1685
|image2=Theodosian Golden Gate.jpg
|caption2=One of the entrances of the Yedikule Fortress in Istanbul, where Osman II was strangled to death by revolting Janissaries
|image3=Castle of Seven Towers Istanbul.png
|caption3=Yedikule Fortress in 1827
}}

Seeking a counterweight to Janissary influence, Osman II closed their coffee shops (the gathering points for conspiracies against the throne) and started planning to create a new and more loyal army consisting of Anatolian sekbans.[3] The result was a palace uprising by the Janissaries, who promptly imprisoned the young sultan in Yedikule Fortress in Istanbul, where Osman II was strangled to death.[4]

Family

Consorts

Osman had three consorts:

  • Ayşe Sultan, his haseki, of unknown background;[5]
  • A woman said to be the daughter of an astrologer, and granddaughter of Pertev Mehmed Pasha;[6]
  • Akile Hatun (m. March 1622), daughter of Şeyhülislam Mehmed Esadullah Efendi, and his legal wife[5][6]
Son

Osman had one son:

  • Şehzade Ömer (died in infancy).

In popular culture

In the 2015 Turkish television series Kösem, Osman II was portrayed by actor Taner Ölmez.[7]

See also

  • Transformation of the Ottoman Empire

Notes

1. ^{{cite journal|last=Tezcan|first=Baki|title=The 1622 Military Rebellion in Istanbul : A Historiographical Journey|journal=International Journal of Turkish Studies|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pIRpAAAAMAAJ|year=2002|publisher=University of Wisconsin|page=40|quote=Stanford Shaw, the author of an Ottoman history that has been widely used as a textbook and reference work, claims, on the basis of information from an eighteenth-century French novel,84 that the sultan was "[t]rained in Latin, Greek, and Italian by his Greek mother, as well as Ottoman Turkish, Arabic, and Persian."85}}
2. ^{{Cite book|title=An Ottoman Tragedy: History and Historiography at Play|last=Piterberg|first=Gabriel|publisher=University of California Press|year=2003|isbn=0-520-23836-2|location=California|pages=18}}
3. ^Ozgen, Korkut. "The Family: The Sultans: Osman II." The Ottomans. 2002. http://www.theottomans.org.
4. ^{{cite book |last=Piterberg |first=Gabriel |title=An Ottoman Tragedy: History and Historiography at Play |place=Berkeley |publisher=University of California Press |date=2003 |isbn=0-520-23836-2 |page=28}}
5. ^{{cite book|first=Leslie P.|last=Peirce|title=The Imperial Harem: Women and Sovereignty in the Ottoman Empire|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=1993|pages=106|isbn=978-0-195-08677-5}}
6. ^{{cite book|first=Baki|last=Tezcan|title=Searching For Osman: A Reassessment Of The Deposition Of Ottoman Sultan Osman II (1618-1622)|publisher=|year=2001|pages=377 n. 93|isbn=}}
7. ^{{Cite news|url=http://www.hurriyet.com.tr/muhtesem-yuzyil-kosem-30-yeni-bolum-fragmaninda-genc-osman-olume-yuruyor-40115277|title=Muhteşem Yüzyıl Kösem sezon finalinde bakın kimler ayrıldı!|access-date=2017-11-06|language=tr}}

External links

{{Commonscat-inline}}{{s-start}}{{s-hou|House of Osman||November 3, 1604||May 20, 1622}}{{s-reg|}}{{s-bef|before=Mustafa I}}{{s-ttl|title=
Sultan of the Ottoman Empire|years=Feb 26, 1618 – May 20, 1622}}{{s-aft|after=Mustafa I}}{{s-rel|su}}{{s-bef|before=Mustafa I}}{{s-ttl|title=Caliph
Ottoman Caliph|years=Feb 26, 1618 – May 20, 1622}}{{s-aft|after=Mustafa I}}{{s-end}}{{Sultans of the Ottoman Empire}}{{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Osman Ii}}

18 : 17th-century poets of the Ottoman Empire|1604 births|1622 deaths|1622 crimes|Modern child rulers|17th-century murdered monarchs|Assassinated caliphs|17th-century Ottoman sultans|People from Istanbul|Assassinated people of the Ottoman Empire|Ottoman sultans born to Greek mothers|Turks of the Ottoman Empire|17th-century caliphs|People executed by ligature strangulation|Male poets of the Ottoman Empire|Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques|Ottoman dynasty|Assassinations in the Ottoman Empire

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