| 词条 | Aneugen |
| 释义 |
An aneugen is a substance that causes a daughter cell to have an abnormal number of chromosomes or aneuploidy. A substance's aneugenicity reflects its ability to induce aneuploidy.[1] Exposure of males to lifestyle, environmental and/or occupational hazards may increase the risk of spermatozoa aneuploidy.[2] Tobacco smoke contains chemicals that cause DNA damage.[3] (See Tobacco smoking#Health.) Smoking also can induce aneuploidy. For instance, smoking increases chromosome 13 disomy in spermatozoa by 3-fold[4] and YY disomy by 2-fold.[5] Occupational exposure to benzene is associated with a 2.8-fold increase of XX disomy and a 2.6-fold increase of YY disomy in spermatozoa.[6] Pesticides are released to the environment in large quantities so that most individuals have some degree of exposure. The insecticides fenvalerate and carbaryl have been reported to increase spermatozoa aneuploidy. Occupational exposure of pesticide factory workers to fenvalerate is associated with increased spermatozoa DNA damage.[7] Exposure to fenvalerate raised sex chromosome disomy 1.9-fold and disomy of chromosome 18 by 2.6-fold (Xia et al., 2004). Exposure of male workers to carbaryl increased DNA fragmentation in spermatozoa, and also increased sex chromosome disomy by 1.7-fold and chromosome 18 disomy by 2.2-fold.[8]Humans are exposed to perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) in many commercial products.[9] Men contaminated with PFCs in whole blood or seminal plasma have spermatozoa with increased levels of DNA fragmentation and chromosomal aneuploidies.[9] See also
References1. ^{{cite book|last=Plante|first=N.|title=Molecular toxicology|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7VUVqjhnw_YC&pg=PA63|accessdate=12 April 2013|year=2003|publisher=Taylor & Francis|isbn=978-1-85996-345-6|pages=63–65}} {{Genotoxicity}}{{genetics-stub}}{{biochemistry-stub}}2. ^{{cite journal |vauthors=Templado C, Uroz L, Estop A |title=New insights on the origin and relevance of aneuploidy in human spermatozoa |journal=Mol. Hum. Reprod. |volume=19 |issue=10 |pages=634–43 |year=2013 |pmid=23720770 |doi=10.1093/molehr/gat039 |url=}} 3. ^Bernstein C, Prasad AR, Nfonsam V, Bernstein H. (2013). DNA Damage, DNA Repair and Cancer, New Research Directions in DNA Repair, Prof. Clark Chen (Ed.), {{ISBN|978-953-51-1114-6}}, InTech, http://www.intechopen.com/books/new-research-directions-in-dna-repair/dna-damage-dna-repair-and-cancer 4. ^{{cite journal |vauthors=Shi Q, Ko E, Barclay L, Hoang T, Rademaker A, Martin R |title=Cigarette smoking and aneuploidy in human sperm |journal=Mol. Reprod. Dev. |volume=59 |issue=4 |pages=417–21 |year=2001 |pmid=11468778 |doi=10.1002/mrd.1048 |url=}} 5. ^{{cite journal |vauthors=Rubes J, Lowe X, Moore D, Perreault S, Slott V, Evenson D, Selevan SG, Wyrobek AJ |title=Smoking cigarettes is associated with increased sperm disomy in teenage men |journal=Fertil. Steril. |volume=70 |issue=4 |pages=715–23 |year=1998 |pmid=9797104 |doi= 10.1016/S0015-0282(98)00261-1}} 6. ^{{cite journal |vauthors=Xing C, Marchetti F, Li G, Weldon RH, Kurtovich E, Young S, Schmid TE, Zhang L, Rappaport S, Waidyanatha S, Wyrobek AJ, Eskenazi B |title=Benzene exposure near the U.S. permissible limit is associated with sperm aneuploidy |journal=Environ. Health Perspect. |volume=118 |issue=6 |pages=833–9 |year=2010 |pmid=20418200 |pmc=2898861 |doi=10.1289/ehp.0901531 |url=}} 7. ^{{cite journal |vauthors=Bian Q, Xu LC, Wang SL, Xia YK, Tan LF, Chen JF, Song L, Chang HC, Wang XR |title=Study on the relation between occupational fenvalerate exposure and spermatozoa DNA damage of pesticide factory workers |journal=Occup Environ Med |volume=61 |issue=12 |pages=999–1005 |year=2004 |pmid=15550606 |pmc=1740696 |doi=10.1136/oem.2004.014597 |url=}} 8. ^{{cite journal |vauthors=Xia Y, Cheng S, Bian Q, Xu L, Collins MD, Chang HC, Song L, Liu J, Wang S, Wang X |title=Genotoxic effects on spermatozoa of carbaryl-exposed workers |journal=Toxicol. Sci. |volume=85 |issue=1 |pages=615–23 |year=2005 |pmid=15615886 |doi=10.1093/toxsci/kfi066 |url=}} 9. ^1 {{cite journal |vauthors=Governini L, Guerranti C, De Leo V, Boschi L, Luddi A, Gori M, Orvieto R, Piomboni P |title=Chromosomal aneuploidies and DNA fragmentation of human spermatozoa from patients exposed to perfluorinated compounds |journal=Andrologia |volume=47 |issue=9 |pages=1012–9 |year=2015 |pmid=25382683 |doi=10.1111/and.12371 |url=}} 1 : Carcinogenesis |
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