| 词条 | Aniruddha Mahathera |
| 释义 |
| name = Aniruddha Mahathera | image = Aniruddha burma 1937.jpg | image_size = 200px | alt = | caption = Aniruddha Mahathera in Burma in 1937. | pseudonym = | birth_name = Gaja Ratna Tuladhar | birth_date = {{Birth date|1915|12|15}} | birth_place = Asan, Kathmandu | death_date = {{Death date and age|2003|02|17|1915|12|15}} | death_place = | resting_place = | occupation = | language = Nepal Bhasa | nationality = Nepalese | ethnicity = | citizenship = | education = | alma_mater = | period = | genre = | subject = | movement = Theravada revival in Nepal | notableworks = | spouse = | partner = | children = | relatives = | influences = | influenced = | awards = | signature = | signature_alt = | website = | portaldisp = }}Aniruddha Mahathera (Devanagari: अनिरुद्ध महाथेरा) (born Gaja Ratna Tuladhar) (15 December 1915 – 17 February 2003) was a Nepalese Buddhist monk and the Sangha Nayak (Patriarch) of Nepal from 1998 until his death in 2003. He was one of the most important figures in the revival of Theravada Buddhism in Nepal and the development of Lumbini, the Buddha's birthplace in southern Nepal, into a center of international pilgrimage.[1] Early lifeAniruddha (alternative name: Aniruddha Mahasthavir) was born at Asan Dhalasikwa, Kathmandu to father Das Ratna and mother Dibya Laxmi Tuladhar. He was named Gaja Ratna Tuladhar and belonged to a merchant family with a business house in Lhasa, Tibet. His father engaged in trade in Tibet before becoming a Buddhist monk taking up the name Dhammalok Mahasthavir. Gaja Ratna was eight years old when his father Das Ratna took him along to Lhasa in 1923 as his mother had died and he couldn't be left behind in Kathmandu.[2] Returning from Tibet, he was enrolled at Central Hindu Boarding School in Varanasi. In 1925, Gaja Ratna came back to Kathmandu.[3] To Sri Lanka and MyanmarGaja Ratna accompanied his father to Kolkata on another business trip. There he decided that he wanted to study Buddhism in Sri Lanka, and in 1929, he sailed to Colombo. He enrolled in the Vidyalankara Pirivena Buddhist college and became a novice monk, and was given the name Aniruddha.[4] [5] After spending five years in Sri Lanka and becoming proficient in Sinhala, Pali, Sanskrit and English, he went to Kusinagar, India. Aniruddha then traveled to Burma (now known as Myanmar) for further studies in Buddhism. A year later in 1937, he received higher ordination in Moulmein. He lived in Moulmein for 10 years studying Burmese and Buddhist literature. In the midst of his study, World War II came to Burma, and he had to keep moving to escape the fighting.[1] Return to NepalAniruddha returned to Nepal in 1946, and became the first editor of Dharmodaya, a Buddhist magazine in Nepal Bhasa which started publication in 1947 from Kalimpong. Later, he moved to Lumbini and dedicated himself to developing it as a place of pilgrimage. Lumbini was then a vacant patch surrounded by jungle. The spot, marked by an Ashokan pillar, had been rediscovered in 1896.[6] Aniruddha built a monastery and a rest house, and extended assistance to pilgrims.[7] In 1967, Aniruddha received the then UN Secretary-General U Thant during his visit to Lumbini which led to the formulation of the Lumbini Development Master Plan.[8] Aniruddha spent 46 years in Lumbini and returned to Kathmandu in 1991 to become the abbot of Ananda Kuti Vihar at Swayambhu.[1] He has translated Buddhists texts from Sinhala and Burmese into Nepal Bhasa and written and published 21 books.[9] References1. ^1 2 {{cite web |url= http://www.lumbini.org.uk/nov_1998_1.html|title= Ven. Bhikkhu Aniruddha: Patriarch of Nepal |publisher=Lumbini Nepalese Buddha Dharma Society (UK)|accessdate=9 May 2012|date=2008}} {{Buddhism topics}}{{Modern Buddhist writers}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Aniruddha Mahathera}}2. ^Mahasthavir, Bhikkhu Dharmaloka (1999). A Pilgrimage in China. Kathmandu: Bhikkhu Aniruddha Mahasthavir. Page 127. 3. ^Mahasthavir, Bhikkhu Dharmaloka (1999). A Pilgrimage in China. Kathmandu: Bhikkhu Aniruddha Mahasthavir. Pages 1-2. 4. ^Mahasthavir, Bhikkhu Dharmaloka (1999). A Pilgrimage in China. Kathmandu: Bhikkhu Aniruddha Mahasthavir. Pages 5-9. 5. ^LeVine, Sarah and Gellner, David N. (2005). Rebuilding Buddhism: The Theravada Movement in Twentieth-Century Nepal. Harvard University Press. {{ISBN|0-674-01908-3}}, 9780674019089. Page 40. 6. ^{{cite web | last =| first =| authorlink = | coauthors = | url = http://www.lumbinitrust.org/articles/view/35| title =Major Events Happened in Lumbini| work = | publisher =Lumbini Development Trust| date=2011| accessdate = 10 May 2012}} 7. ^National Spiritual Assembly of the Baha'is of the United States (1968). World order, Volumes 3-4. National Spiritual Assembly of the Baha'is of the United States. Page 23. 8. ^{{cite web | last =| first =| authorlink = | coauthors = | url = http://www.lumbinitrust.org/articles/view/95| title =Master Plan| work = | publisher =Lumbini Development Trust| date=2011| accessdate = 10 May 2012}} 9. ^Bajracharya, Phanindra Ratna (2003). Who's Who in Nepal Bhasha. Kathmandu: Nepal Bhasa Academy. {{ISBN|99933-560-0-X}}. Page 50. 17 : 1915 births|2003 deaths|People from Kathmandu|Theravada Buddhist monks|Nepalese Buddhist monks|Nepalese Theravada Buddhists|Theravada Buddhism writers|Nepalese male writers|Nepal Bhasa writers|Nepalese journalists|Language activists|Buddhist writers|Nepalese monks|Newar|Nepalese expatriates in Sri Lanka|Nepalese expatriates in India|Nepalese expatriates in Myanmar |
| 随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。