| 词条 | Otto Ciliax | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
|name=Otto Ciliax |birth_date={{birth date|df=yes|1891|10|30}} |death_date={{death date and age|df=yes|1964|12|12|1891|10|30}} |birth_place=Neudietendorf, Germany |death_place=Lübeck-Travemünde, Germany |image=Otto Ciliax.jpg |caption= |nickname= |allegiance={{flag|German Empire}} (to 1918) {{flag|Weimar Republic}} (to 1933) {{flag|Nazi Germany}} |branch={{navy|German Empire}} {{navy|Weimar Republic}} {{navy|Nazi Germany }} |serviceyears=1910–45 |rank=Admiral |commands={{SMU|UB-96}} {{SMU|UC-27}} torpedo boat: T 92, T 107, T 140, T 145, T 181 battleship Scharnhorst Commander of the German Battleships |unit={{SMS|Victoria Louise}} {{SMS|Württemberg|1878|6}} {{SMS|Vulkan||6}} {{SMS|Hannover}} {{SMU|U-52}} |battles=World War I Spanish Civil War World War II
|awards=Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross |laterwork=}} Otto Ciliax (30 October 1891 – 12 December 1964) was a German naval officer who served in the navies of the German Empire, the Weimar Republic and Nazi Germany. As an admiral during World War II, he commanded the German battleships. He was a recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross. Early life and careerCiliax was born on 30 October 1891 in Neudietendorf, at the time part of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha. He joined the military service of the Imperial German Navy on 1 April 1910 as a Seekadett of "Crew 1910" (the incoming class of 1910). He started his first naval infantry training course with the sea cadet detachment on {{SMS|Victoria Louise}} on 7 April 1910.[1] On-board training on Victory Louise began on 13 May before he was transferred to the Naval Academy Mürwik on 1 April 1911 for the main cadet and officer course.[2][3][4] Afterwards, starting on 1 October 1912 he served on the battleship {{SMS|Hannover}} and was promoted to Leutnant zur See (acting sub-lieutenant/ensign) on 27 September 1913. World War ICiliax was still serving on Hannover when World War I broke out on 28 July 1914. He was a watch officer on {{SMU|U-52}} when it sank the cruiser {{HMS|Nottingham|1913|6}} on 19 August 1916. After completing submarine commander's training, he was given {{SMU|UB-96}} in June 1918 and {{SMU|UC-27}} in September that year. Between the warsHe remained with the Reichsmarine after the German collapse of 1918, serving as torpedo boat commander and staff officer, heading the operations department (Operationsabteilung) of the Naval High Command (Oberkommando der Marine) in 1936. In 1936 he was given command of the {{ship|German cruiser|Admiral Scheer}} (22 September 1936 – 30 October 1938) and served as the Commander of the Sea-Force ({{Lang|de|Befehlshaber der Seestreitkräfte "Spanien"}}) from 22 March 1938 to 26 June 1938 during the Spanish Civil War. He commanded the {{ship|German battleship|Scharnhorst}} when war broke out in September 1939. World War II{{See also|Channel Dash}}In June 1941 he became Type Commander, Battleships (Befehlshaber der Schlachtschiffe). In this position he commanded Operation Cerberus, better known as "the Channel Dash", when German battleships, Scharnhorst and Gneisenau and the heavy cruiser Prinz Eugen and a number of other smaller vessels were transferred from Brest to their respective home bases in Germany for planned deployment to Norwegian waters in February 1942. Ciliax flew his flag on Scharnhorst. Although the success of the operation was seen as an embarrassment to the British because the ships were able to pass through the English Channel almost undetected (though both Scharnhorst and Gneisenau struck a minefield en route), the transfer from Brest to Germany eliminated the threat they had posed to Allied shipping in the Atlantic. From March 1943 until April 1945 Ciliax was Commander-in-Chief of German naval forces in Norway (Marinekommando Norwegen).[5] Awards
Promotions
Translation notes1. ^sea cadet detachment —Seekadettendetachement 2. ^cadet course—Lehrgang für Fähnriche 3. ^officer course—Lehrgang für Offiziere 4. ^Dörr 1995, p. 128. 5. ^Hildebrand & Henriot 1988, pp. 207–208. 6. ^1 2 Dörr 1995, p. 129. 7. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 Dörr 1995, p. 130. 8. ^Patzwall & Scherzer 2001, p. 73. 9. ^Fellgiebel 2000, p. 154. 10. ^Scherzer 2007, p. 260. 11. ^Dörr 1995, p. 130. ReferencesCitations{{Reflist|25em}}Bibliography{{Refbegin}}
|last=Dörr |first=Manfred |year=1995 |title=Die Ritterkreuzträger der Überwasserstreitkräfte der Kriegsmarine—Band 1: A–K |trans-title=The Knight's Cross Bearers of the Surface Forces of the Navy—Volume 1: A–K |language=German |location=Osnabrück, Germany |publisher=Biblio Verlag |isbn=978-3-7648-2453-2 }}
|last=Fellgiebel |first=Walther-Peer |authorlink=Walther-Peer Fellgiebel |year=2000 |origyear=1986 |title=Die Träger des Ritterkreuzes des Eisernen Kreuzes 1939–1945 — Die Inhaber der höchsten Auszeichnung des Zweiten Weltkrieges aller Wehrmachtteile |trans-title=The Bearers of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross 1939–1945 – The Owners of the Highest Award of the Second World War of all Wehrmacht Branches |language=German |location=Friedberg, Germany |publisher=Podzun-Pallas |isbn=978-3-7909-0284-6 }}
|first1=Hans H. |last1=Hildebrand |first2=Ernest |last2=Henriot |title=A-G |work=Deutschlands Admirale 1849–1945. Die militärischen Werdegänge der See-, Ingenieur-, Sanitäts-, Waffen- und Verwaltungsoffiziere im Admiralsrang |language=German |publisher=Biblio Verlag |location=Osnabrück |year=1988 |isbn=3-7648-1499-3 }}
|last1=Patzwall |first1=Klaus D. |last2=Scherzer |first2=Veit |year=2001 |title=Das Deutsche Kreuz 1941 – 1945 Geschichte und Inhaber Band II |trans-title=The German Cross 1941 – 1945 History and Recipients Volume 2 |language=German |location=Norderstedt, Germany |publisher=Verlag Klaus D. Patzwall |isbn=978-3-931533-45-8 }}
|last=Potter |first=John Deane |year=1982 |origyear=1970 |title=Breakout |place=Toronto; New York |publisher=Bantam Books |isbn=978-0-553-20749-1 }}
|last=Scherzer |first=Veit |year=2007 |title=Die Ritterkreuzträger 1939–1945 Die Inhaber des Ritterkreuzes des Eisernen Kreuzes 1939 von Heer, Luftwaffe, Kriegsmarine, Waffen-SS, Volkssturm sowie mit Deutschland verbündeter Streitkräfte nach den Unterlagen des Bundesarchives |trans-title=The Knight's Cross Bearers 1939–1945 The Holders of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross 1939 by Army, Air Force, Navy, Waffen-SS, Volkssturm and Allied Forces with Germany According to the Documents of the Federal Archives |language=German |location=Jena, Germany |publisher=Scherzers Militaer-Verlag |isbn=978-3-938845-17-2 }}{{Refend}}{{s-start}}{{s-mil}}{{s-new|creation}}{{s-ttl|title = Commander of the German Battleships | years = 16 June 1941 – 2 June 1942}}{{s-non|reason=disbanded}}{{succession box| before=Generaladmiral Hermann Boehm| after=Admiral Theodor Krancke| title=Commander-in-Chief of the Kriegsmarine High Command Norway | years=March 1943 – April 1945 }}{{s-end}}{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2014}}{{Authority control}}{{Subject bar | portal1=Battleships | portal2=Biography | portal3=Military of Germany | portal4=World War I | portal5=World War II }}{{DEFAULTSORT:Ciliax, Otto}} 11 : 1891 births|1964 deaths|People from Gotha (district)|People from Saxe-Coburg and Gotha|U-boat commanders (Imperial Navy)|Admirals of the Kriegsmarine|Recipients of the Spanish Cross|Recipients of the Gold German Cross|Recipients of the clasp to the Iron Cross, 1st class|Recipients of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross|German military personnel of World War I |
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