| 词条 | Anne Henrietta Martin |
| 释义 |
| name = Anne Henrietta Martin | honorific_prefix = | honorific_suffix = | image = Anne Henrietta Martin in 1916.jpg | image_size = thumb | alt = | caption = Anne Henrietta Martin in 1916 | native_name = | native_name_lang = | pseudonym = Anne O'Hara | birth_name = | birth_date = {{birth date|1875|09|30}} | birth_place = Empire City, Reno, Nevada | death_date = {{death date and age|1951|04|15|1875|09|30}} | death_place = Carmel, California | resting_place = | occupation = Suffragist, pacifist, author | language = English | nationality = American | citizenship = American | education = Bishop Whitaker's School for Girls | alma_mater = University of Nevada | period = | genre = | subject = | movement = | notableworks = | spouse = | partner = | children = | relatives = William O'Hara Martin, Louise Stadtmuller Martin | awards = | signature = | signature_alt = | years_active = | module = | website = | portaldisp = }}Anne Henrietta Martin (September 30, 1875 in Empire City, Reno, Nevada – April 15, 1951 in Carmel, California) (pseudonym, Anne O'Hara; nickname, Little Governor Anne) was a suffragist, pacifist, and author from the state of Nevada.[1] Her main achievement was taking charge of the state legislation that gave women of Nevada the right to vote. She was the first head of the department of history of the University of Nevada (1897-1901) And was active in the suffrage movement in England in 1909-1911, working with Emmeline Pankhurst. She was president of the Nevada equal franchise society in 1912, and the first national chairman of the National Woman's Party in 1916. She was the first woman to run for the United States Senate; She lost twice, in 1918 and 1920.[1][2] Early yearsMartin was the daughter of William O'Hara Martin, of Irish descent, who served as a Nevada State Senator,[3] and her mother, Louise Stadtmuller Martin, was Bavarian. She attended Bishop Whitaker's School for Girls in Reno. Anne attended the University of Nevada (1891-1894), where she earned a degree in History. She earned a second B.A. in 1896 and an M.A. in History in 1897 from Stanford University. CareerIn 1897, Martin established the University of Nevada's department of history. After two years in the department, she left to study at Columbia University, Chase's Art School, University of London, and University of Leipzig; but returned to the department in 1901–1903.[1] During her leave from the university, Martin recommended the Board of Regents replace her with Jeanne Wier, a friend of hers from Stanford who was just finishing her degree.[4] Martin returned from Europe in 1901 to attend her father's funeral. Her father's death gave her a revelation, "suddenly made a feminist of me! . . . I found that I stood alone in my family against a man-controlled world." Martin traveled in Europe and Asia and experienced the women's revolution in England between 1909 and 1911, she became a Fabian Socialist, and wrote short stories and political articles, occasionally under the pen name of Anne O'Hara. Martin was arrested in 1910 over an issue of trying to enfranchise British women. Her friend from Stanford, Lou Henry Hoover, sent husband, Herbert Hoover, to pay Martin's bail, but Frederick Pethick-Lawrence had already taken care of that.[1] After returning to Nevada in the fall of 1911, she became president of the Nevada Equal Franchise Society in February 1912 and organized a campaign over sparsely populated deserts that convinced male voters to enfranchise women on November 3, 1914. This success led to her representation of the national movement as a speaker and executive committee member of the National American Woman Suffrage Association and the Congressional Union. Martin helped organize voting women in the West in 1916 to challenge Democrats. She was one of the Silent Sentinels, National Woman's Party women who picketed for suffrage in front of the White House on July 14, 1917; as a result, she was sentenced to Occoquan Workhouse, but was pardoned less than a week later by President Woodrow Wilson. In 1918, representing Nevada, Martin was the first American woman to run for the US Senate.[2][3] Martin's campaigns focused on illuminating how women could act as a positive influence in the political world. Her platforms focused on providing better working conditions for men and women and nationalization of railroads and public utilities alienated women suffragists. Between her 1918 and 1920 campaigns Martin wrote a series of articles and essays and in these essays Martin urges women to form autonomous political organizations. Martin moved to Carmel, California in 1921, and recuperated from a heart attack in 1930.[1] In the 1940s, she received an honorary Doctorate of Laws from the University of Nevada (1945); and wrote two articles for the Encyclopædia Britannica (Josephine Butler, 1944 edition; and White Slavery, 1948 edition). Martin died in Carmel in 1951. See also
References1. ^1 {{cite book|last=Capace|first=Nancy|title=Encyclopedia of Nevada|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oLd4nCEMbpUC&pg=PA128|accessdate=17 May 2012|year=2001|publisher=North American Book Dist LLC|isbn=978-0-403-09611-4|pages=126–129}} 2. ^Anderson, Kathryn. "Anne Henrietta Martin." American National Biography Online. N.p., Feb. 2000. Web. 1 Mar. 2014. 3. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.unr.edu/nwhp/bios/women/martin.htm|title=Anne Henrietta Martin|last=Van Valkenburgh|first=Holly |publisher=University of Nevada, Reno|accessdate=19 May 2012}} 4. ^Chung, Su Kim. (2015). "We Seek to Be Patient": Jeanne Wier and the Nevada Historical Society, 1904–1950. UCLA: Information Studies 045A. Retrieved from: http://escholarship.org/uc/item/51d75576 p. 72 Further reading
External links
18 : 1875 births|1951 deaths|Writers from Reno, Nevada|University of Nevada, Reno alumni|University of Nevada, Reno faculty|Stanford University alumni|American suffragists|Contributors to the Encyclopædia Britannica|Alumni of the University of London|Leipzig University alumni|Columbia University alumni|Parsons The New School for Design alumni|Silent Sentinels|Women in Nevada politics|American pacifists|National Woman's Party activists|People from Carmel-by-the-Sea, California|Activists from California |
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