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词条 Ottumwa, Iowa
释义

  1. History

     Presidential visits 

  2. Geography

  3. Demographics

     2010 census  2000 census 

  4. Arts and culture

     "Video Game Capital of the World"  In popular culture 

  5. Education

  6. Economy

     Top employers 

  7. Media

     Radio  Television stations  Print  Online 

  8. Infrastructure

     Transportation  Railroads 

  9. Historic preservation

     Historic districts  Historic structures 

  10. Namesake

  11. References

  12. External links

{{Redirect|Ottumwa|the place in Kansas|Ottumwa, Kansas|the community in South Dakota|Ottumwa, South Dakota}}{{Cleanup|reason=the media section contains a list of radio stations. Wikipedia is not a directory.|date=July 2018}}{{Use mdy dates|date=June 2015}}{{Infobox settlement
|official_name = Ottumwa, Iowa
|settlement_type = City
|nickname =
|image_skyline = 101 Vogel Place.jpeg
|imagesize =
|image_caption = Vogel Place Historic District
|image_map = Wapello_County_Iowa_Incorporated_and_Unincorporated_areas_Ottumwa_Highlighted.svg
|mapsize = 250px
|map_caption = Location of Ottumwa in the State of Iowa
|image_map1 =
|mapsize1 =
|map_caption1 =
|subdivision_type = Country
|subdivision_name = {{US}}
|subdivision_type1 = State
|subdivision_name1 = {{flag|Iowa}}
|subdivision_type2 = County
|subdivision_name2 = Wapello
|government_type = Mayor/Council
|leader_title = Mayor
|leader_name = Tom Lazio[1]
|established_date = 1844
|population_as_of = 2010
|population_est = 24487
|pop_est_as_of = 2016
|pop_est_footnotes = [2]
|population_footnotes = [3]
|population_total = 25023
|population_density_km2 = 609.2
|population_density_sq_mi = auto
|population_rank = 20th in Iowa
|timezone = CST
|utc_offset = −6
|timezone_DST = CDT
|utc_offset_DST = −5
|unit_pref = Imperial
|area_footnotes = [4]
|area_magnitude =
|area_total_km2 = 42.81
|area_land_km2 = 41.08
|area_water_km2 = 1.74
|area_total_sq_mi = 16.53
|area_land_sq_mi = 15.86
|area_water_sq_mi = 0.67
|elevation_m = 205
|elevation_ft = 673
|coordinates = {{coord|41|0|47|N|92|24|53|W|region:US-IA_type:city|display=inline,title}}
|postal_code_type = ZIP code
|postal_code = 52501
|area_code = 641
|blank_name = FIPS code
|blank_info = 19-60465
|blank1_name = GNIS feature ID
|blank1_info = 0459952
|website = http://www.cityofottumwa.org/
|footnotes =
}}

Ottumwa ({{IPAc-en|ə|ˈ|t|ʌ|m|w|ə}}; {{respell|ə|TUM|wə}}) is a city in and the county seat of Wapello County, Iowa, United States.[2] The population was 25,023 at the 2010 U.S. Census. Located in the state's southeastern part, the city is split into northern and southern halves by the Des Moines River.

History

The young town was severely damaged during the Flood of 1851.[3]

In 1857, coal was being mined from the McCready bank, a site along Bear Creek four miles west of Ottumwa. In 1868, Brown and Godfrey opened a drift mine four miles northwest of town. By 1872, Brown and Godfrey employed 300 men and had an annual production of 77,000 tons. In 1880, the Phillips Coal and Mining Company opened a mine two miles northwest of town. In subsequent years, they opened 5 more shafts in the Phillips and Rutledge neighborhoods, just north of Ottumwa.[4] The Phillips number 5 shaft was 140 feet deep, with a 375 horse power steam hoist.[5] By 1889, the state mine inspector’s report listed 15 mine shafts in Ottumwa.[6] In 1914, the Phillips Fuel Company produced over 100,000 tons of coal, ranking among the top 24 coal producers in the state.[7]

Coal mining was so important to the local economy that, from 1890 to 1892, the Coal Palace was erected in Ottumwa as an exhibition center.

John Morrell & Company played a significant role in the development of the City

of Ottumwa from 1877 to 1973. The complex typified meat packing as it

developed in the midwest during the last quarter of the nineteenth century and the

first half of the twentieth century.[8]

Presidential visits

Because of the Iowa caucuses, Ottumwa is no stranger to visits by presidential hopefuls. On five occasions a sitting U.S. President has visited the Bridge City:[9]

  • Benjamin Harrison was the first, in 1890, touring the Coal Palace and then speaking to a crowd of over 40,000 people.[9]
  • In 1903 President Theodore Roosevelt made a brief stop while on a train trip around America.[9]
  • President Harry Truman spent part of his 66th birthday, May 8, 1950, in Ottumwa while on a 16-state train trip in support of his Fair Deal program.[9]
  • In July 1971, President Richard Nixon arrived in Air Force One at the Ottumwa Industrial Airport on his way to dedicate the nearby Rathbun Lake dam and reservoir.[10] It was a homecoming for Nixon of sorts, as he had been stationed at the Ottumwa airport while serving in the U.S. Navy during World War II.[11]
  • On April 27, 2010 President Barack Obama spoke to a large crowd at the Hellyer Student Center on the campus of Indian Hills Community College.[12]

Geography

Ottumwa's longitude and latitude coordinates in decimal form are 41.012917, −92.414817.[13]

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of {{convert|16.53|sqmi|sqkm|2}}, of which, {{convert|15.86|sqmi|sqkm|2}} is land and {{convert|0.67|sqmi|sqkm|2}} is water.[14]

Northeastern Wapello County contains large deposits of coal, and there are also large deposits of clay in the region, which played an important role in the industrial development of Ottumwa.[15]

Demographics

{{US Census population
|1860= 1632
|1870= 5214
|1880= 9004
|1890= 14001
|1900= 18197
|1910= 22012
|1920= 23003
|1930= 28075
|1940= 31570
|1950= 33631
|1960= 33871
|1970= 29610
|1980= 27381
|1990= 24488
|2000= 24998
|2010= 25023
|estyear=2016
|estimate=24487
|estref=[16]
|footnote=U.S. Decennial Census[17]
}}

2010 census

As of the census[18] of 2010, there were 25,023 people, 10,251 households, and 6,208 families residing in the city. The population density was {{convert|1577.7|PD/sqmi|PD/km2|1}}. There were 11,257 housing units at an average density of {{convert|709.8|/sqmi|/km2|1}}. The racial makeup of the city was 90.2% White, 11.3% Hispanic or Latino, 1.9% African American, 0.6% Native American, 0.9% Asian, 0.2% Pacific Islander, 4.5% from other races, and 1.8% from two or more races.

There were 10,251 households of which 30.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 42.1% were married couples living together, 12.9% had a female householder with no husband present, 5.6% had a male householder with no wife present, and 39.4% were non-families. 32.9% of all households were made up of individuals and 14.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.36 and the average family size was 2.97.

The median age in the city was 37.4 years. 23.3% of residents were under the age of 18; 10.8% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 24.8% were from 25 to 44; 25% were from 45 to 64; and 16% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 48.4% male and 51.6% female.

2000 census

As of the census of 2000, there were 24,998 people, 10,383 households, and 6,530 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,582.2 people per square mile (610.9/km²). There were 11,038 housing units at an average density of 698.6 per square mile (269.7/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 95.33% White, 1.27% African American, 0.33% Native American, 0.78% Asian, 0.02% Pacific Islander, 1.38% from other races, and 0.89% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.76% of the population.

There were 10,383 households out of which 28.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 47.8% were married couples living together, 11.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 37.1% were non-families. 31.1% of all households were made up of individuals and 14.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.31 and the average family size was 2.88.

Age spread: 22.9% under the age of 18, 10.9% from 18 to 24, 26.1% from 25 to 44, 21.2% from 45 to 64, and 19.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females, there were 92.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 88.6 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $30,174, and the median income for a family was $37,302. Males had a median income of $31,222 versus $20,934 for females. The per capita income for the city was $16,040. About 10.9% of families and 15.2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 21.3% of those under age 18 and 8.2% of those age 65 or over.

Arts and culture

"Video Game Capital of the World"

As the home of Twin Galaxies, Ottumwa was proclaimed the "Video Game Capital of the World" by a mayoral decree issued on November 30, 1982, by Ottumwa Mayor Jerry Parker.[19] The city's proclamation was recognized by U.S. Senator Charles Grassley.[20] In connection with this proclamation, the city hosted the first North American Video Olympics in the fall of 1982.[21] In 2009, the city council and chamber of commerce authorized a steering committee to plan out the International Video Game Hall of Fame museum, which, while not yet built, has inducted several video game industry professionals, developers and designers, and high-scoring players into the Hall of Fame.

In popular culture

  • Owl City - In his song "The 5th of July", Adam Young mentions Ottumwa as the town in which he was born.
  • Cpl. "Radar" O'Reilly – Company clerk from MASH television series and books was from Ottumwa, Iowa. The town is mentioned as Radar's hometown in the novel and regularly on the show.
  • The movie The Tuskegee Airmen featured the character Hannibal "Iowa" Lee Jr. (played by Laurence Fishburne), who claimed Ottumwa as his hometown.
  • The television movie The Woman Who Loved Elvis starring Roseanne Barr (then the wife of Ottumwa native Tom Arnold) was partially filmed in Ottumwa.[22]
  • In the sitcom Roseanne, Roseanne Connor’s restaurant, the Lanford Lunch Box, was based on the Canteen Lunch in the Alley,[23] in central downtown Ottumwa, which has been a stopping point for Ottumwans since the 1920s. Many famous patrons have been seen eating a "Canteen", a loose meat sandwich similar to a Maid-Rite.
  • Pansy Bump – a character in the Nero Wolfe novel Over My Dead Body by Rex Stout was from Ottumwa

Education

Ottumwa High School is part of the Ottumwa public school system.

Higher education

Ottumwa is the home of Indian Hills Community College, a two-year community college. Between 1928 and 1980, it was also home to Ottumwa Heights College, a women's college that merged with Indian Hills in 1979 to create one institution. Indian Hills is located at the former Ottumwa Heights campus.

Economy

Top employers

According to Ottumwa's 2011 Comprehensive Annual Financial Report,[24] the top employers in the city were:

# Employer # of Employees
1 JBS Swift & Co. (subsidiary of JBS USA)2,400
2 John Deere Ottumwa Works940
3 Ottumwa Regional Health Center750
4 Ottumwa Community School District616
5 Hy-Vee426
6 Walmart364
7 Indian Hills Community College322
8 City of Ottumwa263
9 Winger Contracting Company242
10 Dr Pepper Snapple Group199

The Quincy Place Mall is a Shopping mall located in Ottumwa.

Media

Paired with Kirksville, Missouri, Ottumwa is a media market region, ranked #199 by Nielsen.

Radio

FrequencyPower in wattsCall signNicknameFormatOwnerWeb siteNotes
1240 AM1000KBIZYour news and information leaderNews/TalkO-Town Communications 
102.7 FMKBIZYour News and Information LeaderNews/TalkO-Town Communications Simulcast of AM signal.
740 AM229 day, 10 nightKMZNHot Country 740Country music *simulcast with KBOE FMJomast Corporation 
1480 AM250 day, 17 nightKLEEGood time oldiesOldiesO-Town Communications Klee was sold by FMC Broadcasting to O-town Communications on December 24, 2013
107.7 FMKLEEGood Time OldiesOldiesO-Town Communications Simulcast of AM signal.
104.9 FM50,000KBOEHot Country 104.9Country musicJomast Corporation 
105.3 FM34,000KEDBIowa's true oldies channelOldiesHoney Creek Broadcasting
96.7 FM10,000 KIICThunder CountryClassic countryWaveguide Communications, Inc. 
101.5 FM49,000KKSI101.5 Kiss FMClassic rockO-Town Communications 
98.7 FM100,000KMGOIowa's Country. 98.7 KMGOCountry musicKMGO Inc. 
97.7 FM19,000KOTM97.7 Tom FMTop 40 (CHR)O-Town Communications Kotm was sold by FMC Broadcasting to O-town Communications on December 24, 2013
104.3 FM23,500KRKNNew Country 104.3Country musicO-Town Communications 
92.7 FM50,000KTWAToday's hits & yesterdays favoritesAdult contemporaryO-Town Communications 
91.1 FM1,450KICWClassical music / Iowa Public RadioUniversity of Northern Iowa
*Some radio stations licensed to other nearby cities.

Television stations

  • KTVO 3.1 Local ABC affiliate
  • KTVO-DT2 3.2 Local CBS affiliate
  • KYOU-TV 15 Local FOX affiliate (also on translator channel 25, K25DE)
  • KYOU-DT2 15.2 Local NBC affiliate
  • K18GU-D 18 Translator of KIIN Iowa City, a PBS and IPTV affiliate

Print

The Ottumwa Courier is the primary daily newspaper,

Online

The Ottumwa Post http://www.ottumwapost.com

Infrastructure

Transportation

Amtrak, the national passenger rail system, provides service to the Ottumwa Amtrak station, operating its California Zephyr daily in both directions between Chicago, Illinois, and Emeryville, California, across the San Francisco Bay from San Francisco.

Ottumwa Transit Authority operates bus services throughout the Ottumwa area.[25] The fixed-route system includes five routes and a shopping shuttle.[26] It also operates a para-transit service known as Ottumwa Transit Authority Lift[27] and Job Access Reverse Commute (JARC), a dial-a-ride service geared towards employees.[28]

The five routes that operate Monday through Friday are: #1 North, #2 East West, #3 South Residential, #4 South Commercial, and #7 Airport. There are also two routes that operate on Saturday only; no routes operate on Sunday.[29]

10–15 Regional Transit Agency provides a regional dial-a-ride service throughout Appanoose, Davis, Jefferson, Keokuk, Lee, Lucas, Mahaska, Monroe, Van Buren, Wapello and Wayne counties.[30][31]

Currently, U.S. Route 34 and Iowa Highway 149 serve the town, replacing a former segment of U.S. Highway 63. Route 63 now bypasses the town as part of the Burlington to Des Moines expressway. The Jefferson Street Viaduct over the Des Moines River is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

Railroads

The BNSF Railway has tracks through Ottumwa. This is a major corridor in the Chicago-Omaha line that is double track, and western coal makes up a large percentage of the freight carried on this line. The BNSF tracks travel under U.S. Highway 34, pass through the business district, under the U.S. Highway 63 bridge, cross the Iowa, Chicago and Eastern Railroad tracks at grade, exit Ottumwa, and later cross over the Des Moines River on their way to Albia, Iowa, and later Omaha, Nebraska.

The Iowa, Chicago & Eastern Railway was acquired by the Canadian Pacific in 2008. Ottumwa is located on the Davenport, Iowa, to Kansas City, Mo. line and is a crew change point.

The Norfolk Southern Railway has trackage rights over the BNSF through Ottumwa.

Historic preservation

Ottumwa has many historic structures as well as several historic districts that are listed on the National Register. The city has an active Historic Preservation Commission that works to preserve some of the most important structures in the community since 1989.[32] The following structures and districts are listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

Historic districts

  • Historic Railroad District
  • Fifth Street Bluff Historic District
  • Ottumwa Cemetery
  • Court Hill Historic District
  • Vogel Place Historic District
  • North Fellows Historic District

Historic structures

  • First National Bank Building 1915
  • Hotel Ottumwa
  • Hoffman Building
  • Benson Building 1930
  • B'nai Jacob Synagogue
  • Foster/Bell House
  • Trinity Episcopal Church
  • Benson Block
  • Burlington Depot
  • J.W. Garner Building
  • Jay Funeral Home
  • Jefferson Street Viaduct
  • Ottumwa Public Library
  • St. Mary of the Visitation Catholic Church
  • Ottumwa City Hall
  • Wapello County Courthouse
  • Ottumwa Young Women's Christian Association

==Notable people==

  • Tom Arnold – actor[33]
  • Chris Ash - Head football coach, Rutgers University
  • Steve Bales – Apollo 11 flight controller[34]
  • Stephen Blumberg – notorious rare book thief{{citation needed|date=May 2013}}
  • Walter Day – video game statistician{{citation needed|date=May 2013}}
  • Edna Ferber – novelist who lived in Ottumwa as a child[35]
  • Elnora M. Gilfoyle – occupational therapist and educator.[36]
  • Anne Marie Howard – actress{{citation needed|date=May 2013}}
  • Donald Keyhoe – Marine Corps major and aviator, UFO researcher and author{{citation needed|date=May 2013}}
  • Dan Knight – jazz pianist, Steinway artist, composer, Pulitzer Prize nominee{{citation needed|date=May 2013}}
  • Herschel Loveless (1911–1989) – 34th Governor of Iowa 1957–61, Mayor of Ottumwa 1949–53[37]
  • E. J. Mather – college football and basketball player and coach
  • Jack E. McCoy – Iowa state legislator[38]
  • Russell Means – American Indian activist; attended junior college in Ottumwa{{citation needed|date=May 2013}}
  • Karen Morley – actress{{citation needed|date=May 2013}}
  • Carol Morris – Miss Iowa USA 1956, Miss USA 1956, Miss Universe 1956, actress[39]
  • Harry Ostdiek – Major League Baseball player{{citation needed|date=May 2013}}
  • Beverley Owen – actress{{citation needed|date=May 2013}}
  • Mary Florence Potts - inventor of the cold handle clothes iron, the most popular iron used.[40]
  • J. R. Richards – musician/songwriter, author of "A Tribute to the American Farmer".[41]
  • Daniel F. Steck - U.S. Senator 1926-31
  • Hal Walker (1896–1972) – film director
  • Jake Weimer (1873–1928) – Major League Baseball player 1903–05[42]

Namesake

  • The U.S. Navy harbor tug USS Ottumwa (YTB-761) was named for the city.

References

1. ^{{cite web|last=Allt|first=Kate|title=Tom Lazio takes office as Mayor of Ottumwa|url=http://www.heartlandconnection.com/news/story.aspx?id=989631#.UwoNvfldV8F|accessdate=February 23, 2014}}
2. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.naco.org/Counties/Pages/FindACounty.aspx|accessdate=June 7, 2011|title=Find a County|publisher=National Association of Counties}}
3. ^{{Cite book|last=Aldrich|first=Charles|title=The Annals Of Iowa|publisher=Historical Department of Iowa|year=1903|location=Des Moines, Iowa|page=411|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mrcTAAAAYAA}}
4. ^{{Cite book | last = Lees | first = James H. | title = History of Coal Mining in Iowa | publisher = Iowa Geological Survey | year = 1909 | location = Des Moines, Iowa | page = 541 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=1BUMAAAAYAAJ}}
5. ^{{Cite book | last = Hinds | first = Henry| title = The Coal Deposits of Iowa | publisher = Iowa Geological Survey | year = 1909 | location = Des Moines, Iowa | page = 298 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=1BUMAAAAYAAJ | doi =}}
6. ^{{Cite book| title = Fourth Biennial Report Of The State Mine Inspectors To The Governor Of The State Of Iowa For The Years 1888 And 1889| year = 1889 | location = Des Moines, Iowa | page = 33 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=PRAAAAAAMAAJ}}
7. ^{{Cite book | last = Saward | first = Frederick E.| title = The Coal Trade |year = 1915 |page = 65 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=NO8oAAAAYAAJ}}
8. ^{{cite web|title=John Morrell & Company Meat Packing Plant, 316 South Iowa Street, Ottumwa, Wapello County, IA|url=https://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/ia0206/}}
9. ^1 2 3 {{cite web|last=Toopes|first=Cindy|url=http://ottumwacourier.com/local/x1687721558/Four-sitting-presidents-have-visited-Ottumwa|title=Four sitting presidents have visited Ottumwa|publisher=Ottumwa Courier|date=April 23, 2010|accessdate=December 19, 2010}}
10. ^{{cite web |url= http://www.nwk.usace.army.mil/ra/History.cfm |title=Rathbun Lake |work=US Army Corps of Engineers, Kansas City District |accessdate=December 18, 2010}}
11. ^{{cite web|url=http://nixon.archives.gov/thelife/nixonbio.pdf|title=Biography of Richard Milhous Nixon|publisher=Richard Nixon Presidential Library and Museum|page=1|accessdate=December 19, 2010}}
12. ^{{cite web|last=Shaver|first=Pat|url=http://ottumwacourier.com/local/x1901489014/Participants-crowd-relish-Obama-visit|title=Participants, crowd relish Obama visit|publisher=Ottumwa Courier|date=April 28, 2010|accessdate=December 19, 2010}}
13. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/geo/www/gazetteer/gazette.html|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=April 23, 2011|date=February 12, 2011|title=US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990}}
14. ^1 {{cite web|title=US Gazetteer files 2010|url=https://www.census.gov/geo/www/gazetteer/files/Gaz_places_national.txt|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=May 11, 2012|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/699nOulzi?url=http://www.census.gov/geo/www/gazetteer/files/Gaz_places_national.txt|archivedate=July 14, 2012|df=mdy-all}}
15. ^A Brief History of Wapello County, Iowa by Tom Quinn, n.d.
16. ^1 {{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/popest/data/tables.2016.html|title=Population and Housing Unit Estimates|accessdate=June 9, 2017}}
17. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/prod/www/decennial.html|title=Census of Population and Housing|publisher=Census.gov|accessdate=June 4, 2015}}
18. ^1 {{cite web|title=American FactFinder|url=http://factfinder2.census.gov/faces/nav/jsf/pages/index.xhtml|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=May 11, 2012}}
19. ^{{cite web |last = Kalning | first= Kristin|url=http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/30588831/ |title=Ottumwa, video game capital of the world? - On the Level- msnbc.com |publisher=www.msnbc.msn.com |accessdate=June 14, 2010 }}
20. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.twingalaxies.com/index.aspx?c=18&id=1384 |title=Congratulations on becoming "Video Game Capital"|publisher=www.twingalaxies.com |accessdate=June 14, 2010}}
21. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.twingalaxies.com/images/generalinfo/navgo.gif |title=1982 North American Video Game Olympics program cover (GIF Image, 370x574 pixels) |publisher=www.twingalaxies.com |accessdate=June 14, 2010 }}
22. ^{{cite web|url=http://articles.philly.com/1993-04-18/entertainment/25979348_1_roseanne-arnold-tom-arnold-jackie-thomas-show|title=Archives - Philly.com|website=articles.philly.com}}
23. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.tvacres.com/restaurants_lanford.htm|archive-url=https://archive.is/20120918125810/http://www.tvacres.com/restaurants_lanford.htm|dead-url=yes|archive-date=September 18, 2012|title=TV Acres|publisher=Restaurants, Bars & Nightclubs|accessdate=December 23, 2010}}
24. ^{{cite web|url=https://docs.google.com/viewer?a=v&pid=explorer&chrome=true&srcid=0B-GBNhPR9l3eOGE4NDg4OWQtYzg2OC00ZGQyLTgxZjEtNjJlNmI3NTc5ZGFm&hl=en_US|title=City of Ottumwa CAFR|publisher=}}
25. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.iatransit.com/services/agency_profile.asp?intAgencyID=582 |title=Iowa Office of Public Transit |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20040705025039/http://www.iatransit.com/services/agency_profile.asp?intAgencyID=582 |archivedate=July 5, 2004 |accessdate=May 27, 2014}}
26. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.ottumwatransit.com/schedule.htm |title=SCHEDULES |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20050505041810/http://www.ottumwatransit.com/schedule.htm |archivedate=May 5, 2005 |accessdate=May 27, 2014}}
27. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.ottumwatransit.com/OTA%20Lift.htm |title=OTA LIFT |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20050505040658/http://www.ottumwatransit.com/OTA%20Lift.htm |archivedate=May 5, 2005 |accessdate=May 27, 2014}}
28. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.ottumwatransit.com/JARC.htm |title=JARC |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20050505040130/http://www.ottumwatransit.com/JARC.htm |archivedate=May 5, 2005 |accessdate=May 27, 2014}}
29. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.cityofottumwa.org/files/files/OTA_Timetable_-_dec_2011_1.pdf |title=OTA Timetable – December 2011 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121119180100/http://www.cityofottumwa.org/files/files/OTA_Timetable_-_dec_2011_1.pdf |archivedate=November 19, 2012 |accessdate=May 27, 2014}}
30. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.iatransit.com/services/agency_profile.asp?intAgencyID=150 |title=Iowa Office of Public Transit |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20040914064640/http://www.iatransit.com/services/agency_profile.asp?intAgencyID=150 |archivedate=September 14, 2004 |accessdate=May 27, 2014}}
31. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.ottumwatransit.com/10-15.htm |title=10–15 Transit |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20050218193515/http://www.ottumwatransit.com/10-15.htm |archivedate=February 18, 2005 |accessdate=May 27, 2014}}
32. ^{{cite web |url=http://library.municode.com/index.aspx?clientId=10099 |title=Municode |accessdate=May 27, 2014}}
33. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.filmreference.com/film/74/Tom-Arnold.html|title=Tom Arnold Biography (1959-)|website=www.filmreference.com}}
34. ^{{cite news|title=Gemini 10 News Release No. 3|url=http://www.hq.nasa.gov/office/pao/History/alsj/flight_controller_assigns.pdf|accessdate=1 February 2016|agency=NASA|date=July 13, 1966}}
35. ^{{cite book|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=YBIvc_e_YwwC&pg=PA503&lpg=PA503&dq=%22Edna+Ferber%22+stomach+cancer&ct=result#v=onepage&q=ottumwa&f=false|last=Shuman|first=Baird|title=Great American Writers: Twentieth Century|publisher= Marshall Cavendish|year=2002|isbn=9780761472407 |accessdate=May 27, 2014}}
36. ^{{cite web |url=http://legacies.chhs.colostate.edu/files/EllieGilfoyle.pdf|title=Elnora 'Ellie' M. Gilfoyle|publisher=Colorado State University|accessdate=September 11, 2018}}
37. ^{{cite web|url=http://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/lovejoy-lowdermilk.html#LOVELESS|title=Political Graveyard|publisher=LOVELESS |accessdate=December 19, 2010}}
38. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.iowa.legis.gov/legislators/legislator/legislatorAllYears?personID=1721|title=Iowa General Assembly-Jack E. McCoy|publisher=}}
39. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.desmoinesregister.com/article/99999999/FAMOUSIOWANS/399990424/Morris-Carol|archive-url=https://archive.is/20130102105342/http://www.desmoinesregister.com/article/99999999/FAMOUSIOWANS/399990424/Morris-Carol|dead-url=yes|archive-date=January 2, 2013|title=Famous Iowans – Morris, Carol|publisher=The Des Moines Register|accessdate=December 23, 2010}}
40. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.encyclopedia.com/women/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/inventors |title=Inventors |author= |date=2002 |website=Women in World History |publisher= Gale Research Inc. |access-date= May 12, 2017|quote=Potts, Mary Florence (c. 1853–?). American inventor of the most popular irons ever used.}}
41. ^{{cite news|url = https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/131948606/|date = April 7, 1985|accessdate = September 6, 2016|newspaper = The Des Moines Register|page = 15|title = More Songs for Farmers|last = Taylor|first = Warren}}
42. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.baseball-reference.com/players/w/weimeja01.shtml|title=BASEBALL-Reference|publisher=Jake Weimer|accessdate=December 19, 2010}}

External links

{{commons category|Ottumwa, Iowa}}{{wikivoyage|Ottumwa}}{{Portal|Iowa}}
  • Ottumwa portal style website City government, Health, Transit, Airport and more
  • {{dmoz|Regional/North_America/United_States/Iowa/Localities/O/Ottumwa/}}
  • {{Cite EB1911|wstitle=Ottumwa|short=x}}
  • {{Cite EB9|wstitle=Ottumwa|volume=18 |short=x}}
  • [https://archive.is/20130124202235/http://picasaweb.google.com/slakingfool/TheLostCityOfOttumwa?feat=directlink The Lost City of Ottumwa] photo gallery on Picasa Web Albums
  • Ottumwa Courier Local newspaper online
  • City Data Comprehensive Statistical Data and more about Ottumwa
  • {{Internet Archive short film|id=gov.archives.arc.2569655|name=Big Picture: Ottumwa, U.S.A.}}

{{Wapello County, Iowa}}

7 : Cities in Iowa|County seats in Iowa|Micropolitan areas of Iowa|Ottumwa, Iowa|Populated places established in 1843|Cities in Wapello County, Iowa|1843 establishments in Iowa Territory
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