| 词条 | Ouachita National Forest |
| 释义 |
| name = Ouachita National Forest | iucn_category = VI | photo = Ouachitanationalforestpicture.jpg | photo_caption = Ouachita National Forest | map = USA | relief = 1 | map_caption = | location = Arkansas / Oklahoma, United States | nearest_city = Hot Springs, AR | coordinates = {{coord|34.5|N|94.25|W|region:US|format=dms|display=inline,title}} | coords_ref = | area_acre = 1784457 | established = December 18, 1907 | visitation_num = | visitation_year = | governing_body = U.S. Forest Service | website = Ouachita National Forest }} The Ouachita National Forest is a National Forest that lies in the western portion of Arkansas and portions of eastern Oklahoma. HistoryThe Ouachita National Forest is the oldest National Forest in the southern United States. The forest encompasses {{convert|1784457|acre|km2|0}}, including most of the scenic Ouachita Mountains. Six locations in the forest, comprising {{convert|65000|acre|km2|0}}, have been designated as wilderness areas. Ouachita is the French spelling of the Indian word Washita, which means "good hunting grounds." The forest was known as Arkansas National Forest on its establishment on December 18, 1907; the name was changed to Ouachita National Forest on April 29, 1926.[1]Rich in history, the rugged and scenic Ouachita Mountains were first explored in 1541 by Hernando de Soto's party of Spaniards. French explorers followed, flavoring the region with names like Fourche La Fave River. The area including the forest nearly became a {{convert|165000|acre|km2|adj=on}} national park during the 1920s, but a last-minute pocket veto by U.S. President Calvin Coolidge ended the effort. The bill had been pushed by U.S. Senator Joseph T. Robinson and U.S. Representative Otis Wingo, both Democrats, and State Representative Osro Cobb, then the only Republican in the Arkansas legislature. Cobb had been invited to meet with Coolidge before the proposal was killed because of opposition from the National Park Service and the United States Department of Agriculture,[2] presumably because of the nearby location of Hot Springs National Park. In a magazine article, Cobb describes the area that he had sought to protect for future generations, located approximately midway between Little Rock and Shreveport, Louisiana, as within relatively easy driving distance of 45 million Americans, many of whom could not afford long trips to the national parks in the western states. He compared flora and fauna in the Ouachita forest to those of the southern Alleghenies, a division of the Appalachian Mountains.[3] Cobb continues: A visitor standing upon one of the many majestic peaks in the area of the proposed park is thrilled by a panoramic view that cannot be had {{sic|elswwhere}} in the South Central States. With cheeks flushed by the invigorating mountain breezes, the mountain climber is rewarded by an {{sic|inspring}} view of countless and nameless peaks, mountain groups, dense forests, and inviting valleys, all merging into the distant horizon. ... there are many mountain streams, now moving slowly in narrow but deep pools, then churning with savage ferocity down some water-worn precipice, leaving in its wake snow-white sprays ... Fed by crystal springs and like so much molten silver these streams flow their turbulent courses unappreciated and rarely visited. ...[4] FeaturesThe Forest contains extensive woodlands of stunted Northern Red Oak, White Oak, Post Oak, and Blackjack Oak at elevations over {{convert|2500|ft|m}} and on steep, dry slopes.[5] These woodlands, of little commercial value, were never logged and the extent of old growth forest within them may total nearly {{convert|800000|acre|km2}}.[5] There are also old-growth woodlands of Eastern Redcedar, Gum Bumelia, Winged Elm, and Yaupon along some streams.[5] Two wilderness areas are found in the forest, protecting the sections of the forest that have had the least amount of human intervention. The {{convert|13139|acre|km2|1|adj=on}} Black Fork Mountain Wilderness is located in both Arkansas and Oklahoma and contains significant old-growth forests.[5] The {{convert|9754|acre|km2|1|adj=on}} Upper Kiamichi River Wilderness is located solely in Oklahoma. The Talimena Scenic Drive, which is Highway 1 in Oklahoma and Highway 88 in Arkansas, is a National Scenic Byway which meanders through the forest providing amazing vistas and excellent photo opportunities. The Scenic Drive passes through old-growth oak woodlands on Winding Stair and Rich Mountains.[5] Forest headquarters are located in Hot Springs, Arkansas. RecreationThe forest contains a number of hiking, mountain biking, and horseback riding trails. The most extensive hiking trail is the Ouachita National Recreation Trail, which traverses {{convert|223|mi|km}} across the region. This is a well-maintained backpacking, hiking trail with overnight shelters in several portions of the trail. Mountain biking is also allowed for some sections of the trail. Camp Clearfork was originally constructed by the Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC). Managed by the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA),it is on Clearfork Lake, about {{convert|20|miles|km}} west of Hot Springs, Arkansas on U.S. 270. Reservations are required for camping, and may be made through the Womble USDA Office at (870) 867-2101.[6] The campground has 6 dorm/cabins which can hold up to 10 people each; 3 staff cabins that hold 5-6 people each, a dining hall, a recreation hall, and accessible flush toilets and showers.[7] In the Oklahoma section of the forest the {{convert|26445|acre|km2|0|adj=on}} Winding Stair Mountain National Recreation Area and six other designated areas offer visitors a full range of activities with more than 150 campsites, a {{convert|90|acre|ha|adj=on}} lake, and an equestrian camp. Southeast of Idabel, the Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation manages the Red Slough Wildlife Management Area, a {{convert|5,814|acre|km2}} wetland area donated to the USFS by The Conservation Fund in the late 1990s and early 2000s. Hunting (no lead shot) and fishing are allowed there. The area is also a destination for birdwatchers from throughout the United States and the United Kingdom as well. Canoeing and fishing are popular activities on the Mountain Fork River, Caddo River, Little Missouri River, and Ouachita River within the bounds of the forest. The Cossatot River, said to be the most difficult whitewater river between the Smoky and Rocky Mountains, also passes through the forest. Rockhounds frequent a belt several miles wide containing concentrations of quartz crystals. Visitors and rock collectors are free to pick up loose crystals within the belt for personal use and may dig for quartz with the permission of the district ranger. CountiesOuachita National Forest is located in 13 counties in western and central Arkansas and 2 counties in southeastern Oklahoma. They are listed here in descending order of forestland within the county. Also given is their area as of September 30, 2007.[8] About 80% of the forest's area is in Arkansas, with the remaining 20% in Oklahoma. In Arkansas there are local ranger district offices located in Booneville, Danville, Glenwood, Jessieville, Mena, Mount Ida, Oden, Perryville, and Waldron. In Oklahoma they are located in Hodgen, Talihina, and north of Broken Bow. Even though the Ouachita National Forest is far from being the largest, its twelve ranger districts are the most of any in the National Forest system. The giant Tongass National Forest in Alaska is second with nine ranger district divisions.[9]
Points of interest
Wilderness areasThere are six officially designated wilderness areas lying within Ouachita National Forest that are part of the National Wilderness Preservation System.
See also
References1. ^{{Cite document|url=http://www.foresthistory.org/ASPNET/Places/National%20Forests%20of%20the%20U.S.pdf|title=National Forests of the United States|date=September 29, 2005|author=Davis, Richard C.|publisher=The Forest History Society|postscript=}} 2. ^Osro Cobb, Osro Cobb of Arkansas (Little Rock, Arkansas: Rose Publishing Company, 1989), pp. 41–44 3. ^Cobb, p. 282 4. ^Cobb, p. 285 5. ^1 2 3 4 {{Cite web |url = http://www.primalnature.org/ogeast/ar.pdf |title = Old Growth in the East: A Survey. Arkansas |author = Mary Byrd Davis |date = 23 January 2008 |deadurl = yes |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20090225013241/http://www.primalnature.org/ogeast/ar.pdf |archivedate = 25 February 2009 |df = }} 6. ^[https://www.fs.usda.gov/recarea/ouachita/recarea/?recid=10716 "Camp Clearfork." USDA Forest Service. Undated] Accessed June 17, 2018. 7. ^"Camp Clearfork Group Camp." Explore the Ozarks. Accessed June 17, 2018. 8. ^{{cite web|title=Table 6 - NFS Acreage by State, Congressional District and County|url=http://www.fs.fed.us/land/staff/lar/2007/TABLE_6.htm|website=fs.fed.us|date=10 October 2007|accessdate=12 March 2016}} 9. ^USFS Ranger Districts by State External links{{Commons category}}
24 : Ouachita National Forest|National Forests of Arkansas|National Forests of Oklahoma|National Forests of the U.S. Interior Highlands|Ouachita Mountains|Protected areas of Scott County, Arkansas|Protected areas of Montgomery County, Arkansas|Protected areas of Le Flore County, Oklahoma|Protected areas of Polk County, Arkansas|Protected areas of Yell County, Arkansas|Protected areas of McCurtain County, Oklahoma|Protected areas of Garland County, Arkansas|Protected areas of Perry County, Arkansas|Protected areas of Saline County, Arkansas|Protected areas of Sebastian County, Arkansas|Protected areas of Logan County, Arkansas|Protected areas of Pike County, Arkansas|Protected areas of Ashley County, Arkansas|Protected areas of Howard County, Arkansas|Protected areas of Hot Spring County, Arkansas|Protected areas established in 1907|1907 establishments in Arkansas|U.S. Interior Highlands|1907 establishments in Oklahoma |
| 随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。