| 词条 | Anticancer gene |
| 释义 |
ExamplesThe first anticancer gene to be isolated was Apoptin, a gene encoded by the chicken anaemia virus genome.[2] Brevinin-2R is a short anti-microbial peptide of only 25 amino acids, a so-called non-hemolytic defensin, isolated from the skin of the frog species Rana ridibunda.[3] The adenovirus E4orf4 is a viral protein with tumour-selective cell killing capabilities.[4] HAMLET encodes the milk protein α-lactalbumin and is active against cancer cells only when complexed with oleic acid.[5] Mda-7 (also known as IL-24) encodes a secreted cytokine and belongs to the IL-10 gene family.[6] Noxa, is a BH3-only protein of the Bcl-2 family, has recently been discovered as a specific killer of breast cancer cells.[7] Parvovirus-H1 NS1 is another viral protein carrying tumour-selective apoptosis capabilities.[8] ORCTL3, a cation transporter, was recently discovered as a novel anti-cancer gene.[9] Par-4 encodes a protein that features a leucine zipper and mediates many diverse signals for apoptosis at its endogenous expression level.[10] TRAIL (TNF related apoptosis-inducing ligand) is a member of the TNF family of apoptosis-inducing ligands [11]TP53 is another anti-cancer/anti-tumor gene (elephants have twenty copies of the TP53 gene). Some of these genes are in clinical development. TRAIL, Mda-7, HAMLET are the clinically most advanced anticancer genes. See also
References1. ^{{Cite journal|last=Grimm|first=Stefan|last2=Noteborn|first2=Mathieu|title=Anticancer genes: inducers of tumour-specific cell death signalling|url=http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1471491410000031|journal=Trends in Molecular Medicine|volume=16|issue=2|pages=88–96|doi=10.1016/j.molmed.2009.12.002}} 2. ^1 Danen-Van Oorschot, A.A. et al. Apoptin induces apoptosis in human transformed and malignant cells but not in normal cells. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U S A 94, 5843-7 (1997) 3. ^Ghavami, S. et al. Brevinin-2R(1) semi-selectively kills cancer cells by a distinct mechanism, which involves the lysosomal-mitochondrial death pathway. J Cell Mol Med. 12, 1005-22. (2008). 4. ^Gingras, M.C., et al. (2002) Cytoplasmic death signal triggered by SRC-mediated phosphorylation of the adenovirus E4orf4 protein. Mol Cell Biol 22, 41-56 5. ^Svensson, M., Hakansson, A., Mossberg, A.K., Linse, S. & Svanborg, C. Conversion of alpha-lactalbumin to a protein inducing apoptosis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 97, 4221-6. (2000). 6. ^Su, Z.Z. et al. The cancer growth suppressor gene mda-7 selectively induces apoptosis in human breast cancer cells and inhibits tumor growth in nude mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 95, 14400-5 (1998) 7. ^Suzuki, S., Nakasato, M., Shibue, T., Koshima, I. & Taniguchi, T. Therapeutic potential of proapoptotic molecule Noxa in the selective elimination of tumor cells. Cancer Sci. 100, 759-69. Epub 2009 Mar 9. (2009) 8. ^Encyclopædia Britannica 9. ^Irshad, S., Mahul-Mellier, A.L., Kassouf, N., Lemarie, A. & Grimm, S. Isolation of ORCTL3 in a novel genetic screen for tumor-specific apoptosis inducers. Cell Death Differ 16, 890-898 (2009). 10. ^El-Guendy, N. & Rangnekar, V.M. Apoptosis by Par-4 in cancer and neurodegenerative diseases. Exp Cell Res. 283, 51-66. (2003). 11. ^Sheridan, J.P. et al. Control of TRAIL-induced apoptosis by a family of signaling and decoy receptors. Science. 277, 818-21. (1997). 2 : Oncology|Genes associated with cancer |
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