“Overwash”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Deposition from overwash (washover) can be deposited onto the beach berm, the dune, or as far as the back barrier bay, marsh, estuary, or lagoon. Sediment deposits created during overwash exhibit consistent scaling — for example, the distance inland that an overwash deposit extends is proportional to the area that the overwash deposit covers.^[4] The distance inland that an overwash deposit extends is also correlated with the volume of sand deposited.^[5] The amount of overwash and washover sedimentation also depends on the characteristics of the storm and the setting — coastal development tends to reduce in the amount of sand deposited on a barrier island during overwash, with consequences for barrier island evolution.^[5]

The stratigraphic layers of sediment in an overwash deposit can be used to estimate the length of the storm that caused the deposition.^[6] Sediment deposited via overwash can also impact the rate of growth of salt marsh plants — a small amount of sand deposted can increase salt marsh plant growth, but too much deposited sand will kill vegetation.^[7]

During large storms, overwash deposits can self-organize into a periodic, rhythmic pattern, where overwash deposits occur at a regular spacing along the shoreline.^[8]

References

1. ^{{Cite journal|last=Donnelly|first=C..|year=2006|title=State of knowledge on measurement and modeling of coastal overwash|journal=Journal of Coastal Research|volume=22|pages=965–991|doi=10.2112/04-0431.1|author2=Kraus, N.|author3=Larson, M.|number=4}}
2. ^{{Cite journal|last=Lorenzo-Trueba|first=Jorge|last2=Ashton|first2=Andrew D.|date=2014-04-01|title=Rollover, drowning, and discontinuous retreat: Distinct modes of barrier response to sea-level rise arising from a simple morphodynamic model|journal=Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface|language=en|volume=119|issue=4|pages=2013JF002941|doi=10.1002/2013JF002941|issn=2169-9011}}
3. ^{{Cite journal|last=Asbury H. Sallenger|first=Jr.|date=2000-01-01|title=Storm Impact Scale for Barrier Islands|jstor=4300099|journal=Journal of Coastal Research|volume=16|issue=3|pages=890–895}}
4. ^{{Cite journal|last=Lazarus|first=Eli D.|date=2016-12-16|title=Scaling laws for coastal overwash morphology|journal=Geophysical Research Letters|language=en|volume=43|issue=23|pages=12,113–12,119|doi=10.1002/2016GL071213|issn=1944-8007}}
5. ^¹{{Cite journal| last = Rogers | first = L.J..| author2=Moore L. J. | author3=Goldstein E. B. | author4=Hein C. J.| author5=Lorenzo-Trueba J. | author6=Ashton A. D.| year = 2015| title = Anthropogenic controls on overwash deposition: Evidence and consequences| journal = Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface| volume = 120 | issue = 12 | pages = 2609–2624| doi = 10.1002/2015JF003634 }}
6. ^{{Cite journal|last=Shaw|first=J.|last2=You|first2=Y.|last3=Mohrig|first3=D.|last4=Kocurek|first4=G.|title=Tracking hurricane-generated storm surge with washover fan stratigraphy|journal=Geology|volume=43|issue=2|pages=127–130|doi=10.1130/g36460.1|year=2015}}
7. ^{{Cite journal|last=Walters|first=David C.|last2=Kirwan|first2=Matthew L.|date=2016-05-01|title=Optimal hurricane overwash thickness for maximizing marsh resilience to sea level rise|journal=Ecology and Evolution|language=en|volume=6|issue=9|pages=2948–2956|doi=10.1002/ece3.2024|pmid=27069590|pmc=4808077}}
8. ^{{Cite journal|last=Lazarus|first=E. D.|last2=Armstrong|first2=S.|title=Self-organized pattern formation in coastal barrier washover deposits|journal=Geology|volume=43|issue=4|pages=363–366|doi=10.1130/g36329.1|year=2015}}