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词条 April 2012 Afghanistan attacks
释义

  1. Background

  2. Attacks

  3. Aftermath

  4. References

  5. See also

{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2013}}{{Infobox civilian attack
|title = April 2012 Afghanistan attacks
|partof = War in Afghanistan
|image = US Embassy in Kabul on July 4th 2010.jpg
|image_size =
|caption =US Embassy in Kabul
|location = Kabul, Nangarhar, Paktia and Logar provinces
|target = Five Embassies, ISAF bases, Parliament, government buildings, airport,[1] hotel.
|coordinates = {{Coord|33|N|65|E}}
|date = 13:00 on {{Start date|2012|04|15|df=y}}-
07:00 on {{End date|2012|04|16|df=y}} AST[2][3]
|timezone = 30
|fatalities = At least 47 killed (39 insurgents, 8 security forces, 4 civilians)[4][5][6]
|injuries = At least 44 injured (39 security forces, 5 civilians)
|perps = Afghan Taliban[5]
Haqqani Network (suspected)[6]
}}{{Campaignbox Afghanistan}} {{Campaignbox Afghan War}}

The April 2012 Afghanistan attacks[7][8][9] took place on Sunday, 15 April 2012, at around 13:00 local time (08:30 UTC) when heavily armed Taliban insurgents and suicide bombers launched multiple coordinated attacks throughout Afghanistan.[5] Insurgents launched the 2012 spring offensive on multiple locations, including government buildings, military bases, and embassies.[10] Attacks occurred in four Afghan provinces, including Kabul and Paktia.[11] Different reports attribute responsibility for the attacks to either Taliban or the Haqqani network although the Taliban have claimed responsibility.[12]

Background

{{main|War in Afghanistan (2001–present)}}

Between 1996 and 2001, the Taliban controlled large portions of Afghanistan following their emergence as a power bloc in 1992.[13] The majority of Taliban political control centered on Kandahar, although the executive government remained based in the capital, Kabul. During the early parts of the war in Afghanistan, the International Security Assistance Force established a presence in Afghanistan, predominantly around Kabul.

Following a period of stabilization in Afghanistan, attacks started to increase with a growth in suicide bombings since 2006.[14] In 2007, the number of Afghan civilian deaths stood at more than 230.[15] In 2008, there were about 1,000 civilian deaths attributed to the Taliban.[16] In 2011, the number of civilians killed rose 8% from 2010, with over 3,000 civilian deaths. The vast majority of the casualties were due to activities by insurgents.[17] According to the Associated Press, there are around 25,000 Taliban soldiers in Afghanistan in 2012.[18]

Insurgent activities follow an annual pattern with members of the various insurgent groups migrating out of Afghanistan in the winter months. The Spring Offensive is the yearly increase in offensive activity, related to the improving weather, which increases the insurgent groups' ability to maneuver around the country.

Attacks

In the capital of Kabul, many foreign embassies are located in the so-called "Say Wallah" of the capital.[19] Since NATO took control of the ISAF in 2003, their headquarters is also in the Green Zone.[20]

Major General Carsten Jacobson, the spokesperson for the International Security Assistance Force, said that militants attacked the United States, German, and British embassies in Kabul.[21] The Iranian embassy was also attacked, as was the newly built Kabul Star hotel.[22] The governor of Laghman Province, Lutfullah Mashal, said that men plotted to kill Karim Khalili, the second Vice President of Afghanistan.[1] Within hours, Afghan security forces and Norwegian special forces captured or killed almost all of the militants.[9]

Norwegian special forces from the Hærens Jegerkommando was crucial in fighting back the attack. [23] .

Throughout the offensive on the embassies and government buildings in Kabul, members of the Afghan military, Afghan National Police, and National Directorate of Security repelled attacks from the Taliban, including suicide bombers.[24] During early Monday morning, NATO helicopters searched for militants hiding in buildings near the ISAF headquarters and multiple embassies.[25] The attack on Kabul lasted 18 hours.[26] At the end of the siege on Kabul, almost 40 militants and eight Afghan soldiers were killed.[27] In addition, four civilians were killed and 25 were injured across the country.[28] The Taliban militants reportedly wore suicide vests and carried both rocket-propelled and hand grenades.[29]

A lone suspected attacker captured by Afghan forces reportedly confessed Taliban assailants who waged the co-ordinated attacks across Afghanistan were part of a 200-member suicide squad trained in Pakistan.[30]

According to Taliban spokesperson Zabiullah Mujahid, the attacks were "well-coordinated and planned for almost two months".[12]

Aftermath

General John R. Allen, the commander of the International Security Assistance Force, praised the Afghan military's ability to repel the Taliban attacks, saying "They [Afghan security forces] were on scene immediately, well-led and well-coordinated."[1] President of Afghanistan Hamid Karzai applauded the actions by Afghan security forces. He told CNN that "the Afghan forces will be able to defend their country as they demonstrated yesterday".[31] However, Karzai said that the attacks were a result of an "intelligence failure for us [Afghanistan] and especially NATO" and called for an investigation.[26]

Bismillah Khan Mohammadi, the Interior Minister of Afghanistan, said the attackers belonged to the Haqqani Network, an insurgency group based in Afghanistan and Pakistan.[27] A spokesperson for the Foreign Ministry of Iran, Ramin Mehmanparast, denounced the attacks, saying ""The Islamic Republic of Iran condemns the recent terrorist attacks in the capital and certain other provinces of Afghanistan, particularly the attacks on diplomatic centers based in Kabul, and believes that dialogue is the only solution to Afghanistan's security problems."[32] The United States Secretary of State Hillary Clinton and Foreign Minister of Pakistan Hina Rabbani Khar condemned the attacks in Afghanistan in a joint statement.[33] The Pakistani Foreign Minister also called the Foreign Minister of Afghanistan Zalmai Rassoul to express her condolences.[34] Prime Minister of Australia Julia Gillard said that Australian forces in Afghanistan will be returning home in the upcoming months, with most troops coming home at the end of 2013.[29][35] On Tuesday, 17 April, Karzai said the Taliban attacks "prolong foreign presence in Afghanistan".[36]

References

1. ^1 2 {{cite news|title=Coordinated Afghanistan assaults target presidential palace, embassies|url=http://www.cnn.com/2012/04/15/world/asia/afghanistan-violence/index.html?hpt=hp_t1|accessdate=15 April 2012|publisher=CNN|date=15 April 2012|author=Mitra Mobasherat|author2=Mohammed Jamjoom}}
2. ^{{cite web|title=Taliban assault on Afghan capital 'over'|url=http://www.aljazeera.com/news/asia/2012/04/201241634322630352.html|accessdate=16 April 2012|publisher=Al Jazeera|date=16 April 2012}}
3. ^{{cite web|title=Taliban strike across Afghanistan in 'spring offensive'|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-17719956|accessdate=15 April 2012|publisher=BBC|date=15 April 2012}}
4. ^{{cite web|title=Taliban assault on Afghan capital 'over'|url=http://www.aljazeera.com/news/asia/2012/04/201241634322630352.html|accessdate=16 April 2012|publisher=Al Jazeera|date=16 April 2012}}
5. ^1 {{cite news|title=Afghanistan's Taliban Hit Four Cities in Biggest Spring Attack|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/2012-04-15/taliban-militants-launch-simultaneous-attacks-across-afghanistan.html|accessdate=15 April 2012|newspaper=Bloomberg|date=15 April 2012|author=Eltaf Najafizada|author2=James Rupert}}
6. ^{{cite news|title=Taliban attacks rocks Kabul; Afghan interior ministry holds Haqqani network responsible for attacks|url=http://www.sananews.net/english/taliban-attacks-rocks-kabul-afghan-interior-ministry-holds-haqqani-network-responsible-for-attacks/|accessdate=15 April 2012|newspaper=South Asian News Agency|date=15 April 2012}}
7. ^{{cite news|last=Pizzey|first=Allen|title=Taliban's spring offensive is a worrying sign|url=http://www.cbsnews.com/8301-18563_162-57414380/talibans-spring-offensive-is-a-worrying-sign/|accessdate=16 April 2012|newspaper=CBS|date=15 April 2012}}
8. ^{{cite news|title=Taliban attack Afghanistan in "spring offensive" |url=https://news.yahoo.com/afghan-capital-hit-blasts-gun-attacks-094536251.html |accessdate=16 April 2012 |newspaper=Yahoo via Reuters |date=15 April 2012 |author=Hamid Shalizi |author2=Jack Kimball |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120417031804/http://news.yahoo.com/afghan-capital-hit-blasts-gun-attacks-094536251.html |archivedate=17 April 2012 }}
9. ^1 {{cite news|title=Afghan Forces Respond to Coordinated Attacks|url=http://www.defense.gov/news/newsarticle.aspx?id=67940|accessdate=17 April 2012|newspaper=United States Department of Defense|date=16 April 2012}}
10. ^{{cite news|title=Western embassies targeted in multiple Taliban attacks in Kabul|url=http://worldnews.msnbc.msn.com/_news/2012/04/15/11207702-western-embassies-targeted-in-multiple-taliban-attacks-in-kabul?lite|accessdate=15 April 2012|newspaper=msnbc.com|date=15 April 2012}}
11. ^{{cite news|last=Shah |first=Amir |title=Taliban attack Afghan capital, 3 other cities |url=https://www.google.com/hostednews/ap/article/ALeqM5jNyoCbiOgzkWOvreGH4QHMlNGbqw?docId=811e8cc26d7d45049db5d71be5f4c3ee |accessdate=15 April 2012 |newspaper=Google News via AP |date=15 April 2012 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120416181949/https://www.google.com/hostednews/ap/article/ALeqM5jNyoCbiOgzkWOvreGH4QHMlNGbqw?docId=811e8cc26d7d45049db5d71be5f4c3ee |archivedate=16 April 2012 }}
12. ^1 {{cite news|title=Taliban launch coordinated Afghan attacks|url=http://www.cbsnews.com/8301-202_162-57414279/taliban-launch-coordinated-afghan-attacks/|accessdate=15 April 2012|newspaper=CBS News via AP|date=15 April 2012}}
13. ^{{cite web|url=http://edition.cnn.com/WORLD/9610/12/afghanistan/map.lg.jpg|title=Magellan Geographix|work=Magellan Geographix|publisher=CNN|accessdate=16 April 2012}}
14. ^{{cite news|last=Yousafzai|first=Sami|title=Alone, Afraid, In the Company of Men Dreaming of Death|url=http://www.thedailybeast.com/newsweek/2007/12/22/alone-afraid-in-the-company-of-men-dreaming-of-death.html|accessdate=16 April 2012|newspaper=The Daily Beast|date=22 December 2007}}
15. ^{{cite web|title=Troops in Contact|url=https://www.hrw.org/reports/2008/09/08/troops-contact-0#_Toc208224420|publisher=Human Rights Watch|accessdate=16 April 2012}}
16. ^{{cite news|title=AFGHANISTAN: UNAMA raps new report by rights watchdog|url=http://www.irinnews.org/Report/82502/AFGHANISTAN-UNAMA-raps-new-report-by-rights-watchdog|accessdate=16 April 2012|newspaper=IRIN Asia|date=22 January 2009}}
17. ^{{cite news|last=Sieff|first=Kevin|title=Afghan civilian deaths hit record high in 2011, U.N. report says|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/afghan-civilian-deaths-hit-record-high-in-2011-un-report-says/2012/02/04/gIQAfyl9oQ_story.html|accessdate=16 April 2012|newspaper=Washington Post|date=4 February 2011}}
18. ^{{cite news|title=Numbers of troops, fighters in Afghanistan|url=https://www.google.com/hostednews/ap/article/ALeqM5jeDh9aVnCNj5sTPhIds7BO_GPXiQ?docId=6d9c40d187a642cbb5275b62a1af641d|accessdate=18 April 2012|newspaper=Google News via AP|date=17 April 2012|agency=Associated Press}}{{dead link|date=December 2012}}
19. ^{{cite news|title=Kabul's Green Zone Under Taliban Attack|url=http://www.pakistankakhudahafiz.com/2012/04/15/kabuls-green-zone-under-taliban-attack/|accessdate=16 April 2012|newspaper=PKKH|date=15 April 2012}}
20. ^{{cite web|title=ISAF Headquarters|url=http://www.nato.int/isaf/structure/hq/index.html|publisher=NATO|accessdate=16 April 2012}}
21. ^{{cite news|last=Mojaddidi|first=Mushtaq|title=Taliban's 'spring offensive' rocks Afghanistan|url=https://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5hZcVRJeVkLwpLpLA6HP4T3OWeNvw?docId=CNG.a2a2bebe02999cda00aa940d53895211.541|accessdate=15 April 2012|newspaper=Agence France-Presse|date=15 April 2012}}
22. ^{{cite news|title=Taliban 'spring offensive' rocks Afghanistan|url=http://www.aljazeera.com/news/asia/2012/04/2012415125419254906.html|accessdate=18 April 2012|newspaper=al-Jazeera|date=17 April 2012}}
23. ^http://www.nrk.no/verden/store_-_-ingen-norske-saret-1.8073796
24. ^{{cite news|title=Taliban 'spring offensive' rocks Afghanistan|url=http://www.aljazeera.com/news/asia/2012/04/2012415125419254906.html|accessdate=16 April 2012|newspaper=al-Jazeera|date=16 April 2012}}
25. ^{{cite news|title=Heavy fighting continues on Kabul streets|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/2012/04/16/us-afghanistan-attack-idUSBRE83E05620120416|accessdate=16 April 2012|newspaper=Reuters|date=16 April 2012|author=Rob Taylor|author2=Hamid Shalizi}}
26. ^1 {{cite news|title=Taliban siege of Kabul blamed on Nato intelligence|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/apr/16/taliban-siege-kabul-nato-intelligence|accessdate=17 April 2012|newspaper=The Guardian|date=16 April 2012|author=Emma Graham-Harrison}}
27. ^1 2 {{cite news|title=Afghan Forces Quell Attack; Few Civilians Are Killed|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/04/17/world/asia/complex-attack-by-taliban-sends-message-to-the-west.html|accessdate=17 April 2012|newspaper=The New York Times|date=16 April 2012}}
28. ^1 {{cite news|title=Afghan leader Karzai blames attacks on Nato 'failure'|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-17727036|accessdate=17 April 2012|newspaper=BBC|date=16 April 2012}}
29. ^1 {{cite news|last=Popalzai|first=Masoud|title=Taliban: Afghanistan attackers were well-trained|url=http://www.cnn.com/2012/04/17/world/asia/afghanistan-violence/index.html|accessdate=18 April 2012|newspaper=CNN|date=17 April 2012}}
30. ^{{cite news|last=Mujib|first=Mashal|title=Captured suspect reveals Kabul attack details|url=http://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/features/2012/04/20124198132499838.html|accessdate=19 April 2012|newspaper=al Jazeera|date=19 April 2012}}
31. ^{{cite news|title=Karzai: Response to attacks shows Afghan forces ready to defend nation|url=http://www.cnn.com/2012/04/16/world/asia/afghanistan-violence/|accessdate=16 April 2012|newspaper=CNN|date=16 April 2012|author=CNN Wire Staff}}
32. ^{{cite news|title=Iran condemns terrorist attacks in Afghanistan|url=http://www.tehrantimes.com/component/content/article/96984|accessdate=17 April 2012|newspaper=Tehran Times|date=17 April 2012}}
33. ^{{cite news|title=US presses Pakistan over Afghan attacks|url=http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2012\\04\\17\\story_17-4-2012_pg1_1|accessdate=17 April 2012|newspaper=Daily Times|date=17 April 2012}}
34. ^{{cite news|title=Pakistan condemns Taliban attacks in Afghanistan|url=http://india.nydailynews.com/businessarticle/2b6425973d71cadb548eb5cf25bd63d3/pakistan-condemns-taliban-attacks-in-afghanistan|accessdate=17 April 2012|newspaper=New York Daily News|date=17 April 2012}}
35. ^{{cite news|title=Australia to withdraw troops from Afghanistan earlier than expected|url=http://www.cnn.com/2012/04/16/world/asia/australia-afghanistan-troops/index.html|accessdate=18 April 2012|newspaper=CNN|date=17 April 2012|author=CNN Wire Staff}}
36. ^{{cite news|title=Karzai: Taliban Attacks 'Prolong Foreign Presence'|url=http://blogs.voanews.com/breaking-news/2012/04/17/karzai-taliban-attacks-prolong-foreign-presence/|accessdate=18 April 2012|newspaper=Voice of America|date=17 April 2012}}

See also

  • War in Afghanistan (2001–present)
  • War on Terror
  • Iraq War
  • Taliban insurgency
{{War in Afghanistan}}{{War on Terrorism}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Afghanistan attacks}}

5 : April 2012 crimes|April 2012 events in Asia|Mass murder in 2012|Terrorist incidents in Afghanistan in 2012|War in Afghanistan (2001–present)
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