“A-process”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

词条

A-process

释义

A and b process
References

{{Multiple issues|{{Orphan|date=September 2016}}{{one source|date=October 2015}}
}}A-process refers to the one of the emotional internal processes or responses of the opponent-process theory. The a-process is in large part responsible for the initial, usually fast and immediate emotional reaction to a stimulus. The theory considers it a primary process and may be affectively positive or negative, but not neutral.^[1] The theory also proposes that this process automatically causes a b-process, which is subjectively and physiologically opposite in direction to the a-process.^[1]

There is a peak response to any emotional stimuli which usually occurs rapidly, usually out of shock, but last only as long as the stimuli is present. In a physiological sense, the a-process is where the pupils dilate, the heart rate increases, and the adrenaline rushes.^[2]

A and b process

The "a" and "b" processes are consequently and temporarily linked but were believed to depend on different neurobiological mechanisms.^[3] B-Process, the other part of opponent-process theory, occurs after the initial shock, or emotion and is evoked after a short delay.^[3] A-process and B-process overlap in somewhat of an intermediate area. While a-process is still in effect, b-process starts to rise, ultimately leveling out a-process' initial spike in emotion. A-process ends once the stimulus is terminated, leaves, or ends. Physiologically, this is where breathing returns to normal, pulse slows back to its normal rate, and heart rate starts to drop. The B-process can be thought of as the "after-reaction".^[2] Once B-process has ended, the body returns to homeostasis and emotions rise back to neutral.

Research on the brain mechanisms of drug addiction showed how the a-process is equated with the pleasure derived from drugs and once it weakens, it is followed by the strengthening of the b-process, which are the withdrawal symptoms.^[4]

References

1. ^¹{{Cite book|title=Computational Neuroscience of Drug Addiction|last=Gutkin|first=Boris|last2=Ahmed|first2=Serge|publisher=Springer Science+Business Media|year=2011|isbn=9781461407508|location=New York|pages=72}}
2. ^¹{{Cite book|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/751780873|title=Learning and behavior|last=Mazur|first=James E.|date=2013|publisher=Pearson|year=|isbn=9780205246441|edition=7th|location=Boston|pages=|oclc=751780873}}
3. ^¹{{Cite book|title=Neurobiology of Addiction|last=Koob|first=George|last2=Le Moal|first2=Michel|publisher=Academic Press|year=2005|isbn=9780124192393|location=London|pages=14}}
4. ^{{Cite book|title=Learning and Behavior: Seventh Edition|last=Mazur|first=James|publisher=Routledge|year=2016|isbn=9780205246441|location=Oxon|pages=46}}

1 : Neuropsychology

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