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词条 Owlbear
释义

  1. Creation

  2. Concept

  3. Publication history

     Dungeons & Dragons (1974–1976)  Advanced Dungeons & Dragons 1st edition (1977–1988)  Dungeons & Dragons (1977–1999)  Advanced Dungeons & Dragons 2nd edition (1989–1999)  Dungeons & Dragons 3.0 edition (2000–2002)  Dungeons & Dragons 3.5 edition (2003–2007)  Dungeons & Dragons 4th edition (2008–2014)  Dungeons & Dragons Essentials (2010–)  Dungeons & Dragons 5th edition (2014–) 

  4. In other role-playing games

     Pathfinder Roleplaying Game  Retro-clones and OSR RPGs  Other systems 

  5. In video games

     Dungeons & Dragons-licensed games  Warcraft franchise  Other games 

  6. In other media

  7. Reception

  8. References

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An owlbear (also owl bear) is a fictional creature originally created for the Dungeons & Dragons fantasy role-playing game. An owlbear is depicted as a cross between a bear and an owl, which "hugs" like a bear and attacks with its beak. Inspired by a plastic toy made in Hong Kong,[2] Gary Gygax created the owlbear and introduced the creature to the game in the 1975 Greyhawk supplement;[3] the creature has since appeared in every subsequent edition of the game. Owlbears, or similar beasts, also appear in several other fantasy role-playing games, video games and other media.

Creation

In the early 1970s, Gary Gygax was playing Chainmail, a wargame that bore some precursors of Dungeons & Dragons. In order to give his players as many different challenges as possible, Gygax was always on the look-out for new monsters. Although he was able to draw on pulp fiction and sword and sorcery stories for many of them, he also looked through dime stores for figurines that could be used in battle. On one of those occasions, he came across a bag of small plastic toys euphemistically labeled "prehistoric animals". These were Hong Kong-made and the set included monsters from Japanese "Kaiju" films such as Ultraman and Godzilla franchise. Several of these were odd enough to catch his eye, and he used them to represent several new monsters, including the owlbear, the bulette and the rust monster.[4]

Concept

The owlbear is depicted as an eight to ten foot (2.5–3 meter) tall cross between a bear and an owl. According to descriptions in Dungeons & Dragons source books, owlbears are carnivorous creatures, famed for their aggression and ferocity;[5] they live in mated pairs in caves and hunt any creature bigger than a mouse.[5] They use a "hug" and their beak to attack. In the game's third edition, it was categorized as a "magical beast".

The actual in-game origin of the owlbear has never been definitively revealed, but the various Monster Manual editions indicate that it is probably the product of a wizard's experiments. Within the franchise's mythology, the lich Thessalar claims to have created them, but his insanity and egomania put the accuracy of this claim in doubt.[6] In the 5th edition, some elves claim that owlbears have existed for millennia and older fey say that they have always existed in the Feywild.[7]

Within the Dungeons & Dragons system and in other role-playing games, the owlbear usually serves as a "monster". Within the context of RPGs, "monster" is a generic term to describe potentially hostile beings and obstacles for the players to overcome.[8] This role is also the one the owlbear was originally designed for.[1][3]

Publication history

The owlbear is among the earliest monsters in Dungeons & Dragons, and, like the bulette and the rust monster, was inspired by a Hong Kong-made plastic toy purchased by Gary Gygax for use as a miniature in a Chainmail game.[2]

Dungeons & Dragons (1974–1976)

The owl bear was introduced to the game in its first supplement, Greyhawk (1975).[3] It is described as a "horrid creature" which "hugs" like a bear, and deals damage with its beak. The owlbear is also listed on random encounter tables in Eldritch Wizardry, the third supplement.[9]

Advanced Dungeons & Dragons 1st edition (1977–1988)

The owlbear appears in the first edition Monster Manual (1977),[1] where it is described as a "horrible creature that inhabits tangled forest regions, and attacks with its great claws and snapping beak". The illustration of the owlbear shown in the Monster Manual was done by David C. Sutherland III.

Dungeons & Dragons (1977–1999)

This edition of the D&D game included its own owl bear, in the Dungeons & Dragons Basic Set (1981 and 1983).[10][11][12] The owl bear was also later featured in the Dungeons & Dragons Game set (1991),[13] the Dungeons & Dragons Rules Cyclopedia (1991),[14] the Classic Dungeons & Dragons Game set (1994),[15] and the Dungeons & Dragons Adventure Game set (1999).[16]

Advanced Dungeons & Dragons 2nd edition (1989–1999)

The owlbear appears first in the Monstrous Compendium Volume One (1989),[17] and is reprinted in the Monstrous Manual (1993).[18]

The owlbear appeared in the Dark Sun setting in the adventure Black Spine (1994).[19]

The owlbear was detailed in Dragon #214 (February 1995), in "The Ecology of the Owlbear", which also included the arctic owlbear and the winged owlbear.[20] These variants were later reprinted in the Monstrous Compendium Annual Volume Three (1996).[21]

The greater owlbear appeared in an adventure in Dungeon #63 (July 1997).[22]

Dungeons & Dragons 3.0 edition (2000–2002)

The owlbear appears in the Monster Manual for this edition (2000).[23]

The owlbear appeared on the Wizards of the Coast website for the Chainmail game, in 2000.[24]

The winged owlbear in adult and juvenile form appeared in Dungeon #84 (January 2001).[25]

The supplemental book Unapproachable East features a feat, an ability that player characters can obtain, named "owlbear berserker" that allows a player character to use a ferocious owlbear-like fighting style.[26]

Dungeons & Dragons 3.5 edition (2003–2007)

The owlbear appears in the revised Monster Manual for this edition (2003) as well as the owlbear skeleton under the skeleton entry.[27]

The ancient owlbear appeared in Dungeon #107 (February 2004).[28]

The Ankholian owlbear appeared in the Dragonlance, Bestiary of Krynn[29] (2004) and the Revised Bestiary of Krynn (2007).[30]

Dungeons & Dragons 4th edition (2008–2014)

The owlbear appears in the Monster Manual for this edition (2008) along with the winterclaw owlbear.[31] The flavor text mentions that owlbears can be tamed to serve as guards.

Dungeons & Dragons Essentials (2010–)

The Monster Vault boxed set contains the owlbear as well as various subtypes like the young owlbear, trained owlbear, wind-claw owlbear and again the winterclaw owlbear.[32] The cover of the monster book included in the box and the box itself feature an owlbear alongside other monsters.[33]

Dungeons & Dragons 5th edition (2014–)

In May 2012, Wizards of the Coast employee Jon Schindehette announced that the inclusion and design of the owlbear for the upcoming fifth edition of Dungeons & Dragons was being discussed.[34]

The monster was included in the "bestiary" of the D&D Next Playtest Package,[35] a compilation of files available for gamers interested in playtesting this Dungeons & Dragons version before its official release.

The owlbear is included in the Monster Manual of the full release of the game, published in 2014. The flavor text states that remote settlements have used owlbears for racing, and it also states the fact that owlbears are more likely to attack their tamer, than actually begin the race.[7]

In other role-playing games

Pathfinder Roleplaying Game

The owlbear is an official monster in the Pathfinder Roleplaying Game,[36] based on Dungeons and Dragons 3.5 edition. It is included in the game's first bestiary, and elaborated on in Dungeon Denizens Revisited. Dungeon Denizens Revisited also includes a variant named siege owlbear.[37][38] Furthermore, Paizo released a part of the series Behind the Monsters[39] dedicated to the owlbear, which features the bearowl, the possibly "even stranger offspring" of an owlbear.[40] Additional official Pathfinder variants of the owlbear are the arctic owlbear, Darklands owlbear, fruss owlbear, great hook-clawed owlbear, screaming owlbear, sleeyk owlbear,[41] slime owlbear, sloth owlbear as well as the spectral owlbear.[42]

The adventure module Pathfinder #7 – Curse of the Crimson Throne Chapter 1: "Edge of Anarchy"[43] originally published by Paizo Publishing for Dungeons and Dragons 3.5 edition under the OGL[44] contains a taxidermic owlbear. It is a regular owlbear with the skeleton template allowing the game master to turn a regular monster into an undead one.[45] A skeletal owlbear illustration was also done by Goodman Games artist Nick Greenwood.[46]

Retro-clones and OSR RPGs

As only the design of a role-playing game, not the rules are protected by U.S. copyright law,[47] it is possible for third-party publishers to release RPG systems based on the rules of Dungeons & Dragons without using the actual name or trademarks associated with the brand. These systems are referred to as "retro-clones" or "simulacra".[48] Games not directly using rules of a Dungeons & Dragons edition but claiming to capture the style are often called Old School Renaissance (OSR) games.[49]

The following retro-clones and OSR systems feature the owlbear as an opponent:

  • Swords & Wizardry, modelled after the original Dungeons & Dragons from 1974 and published by Mythmere Games.[50]
  • Labyrinth Lords by Goblinoid Games.[51]
  • Dark Dungeons, Darker Dungeons and Darkest Dungeons (later renamed Blood, Guts and Glory) by Gratis Games all include the owlbear in their bestiary.[52][53][54]
  • OSRIC, a system emulating Advanced Dungeons & Dragons.[55]
  • Mazes & Perils, inspired by the 1977 Holmes version of Dungeons & Dragons.[56]
  • Adventurer Conqueror King by Autarch.[57]
  • Dungeon Crawl Classics by Goodman Games.[58]
  • In Basic Fantasy, the owlbear appears[59] together with the fire-breathing owlbear.[60]
  • Microlite74 Basic, Standard and Extended all have owlbears as monsters.[61][62][63]
  • For Gold & Glory, emulating Advanced Dungeons & Dragons 2nd edition.[64]
  • Castles & Crusades by Troll Lord Games.[65]
  • Burning THAC0,[66] a variation of The Burning Wheel.

Other systems

A male half-owlbear, half-blue dragon hybrid named Dragore is featured as an antagonist in the Dungeons & Dragons 3.0 supplement Foul Locales: Beyond the Walls by Mystic Eye Games.[67]

The Manual of Monsters for The Roleplaying Game suggest to use the owlbear as an opponent.[68] A Warcraft-exclusive owlbear-like creature named wildkin is included as well.

Later on, Warcraft: The Roleplaying Game was renamed World of Warcraft: The Roleplaying Game. This edition's Monster Guide, equivalent to the Manual of Monsters, includes the owlbear-like "wildkin" described as a benign creature and associated with the game's Night Elf faction. A larger and more ferocious subtype listed is the "owlbeast".[69]

A third-party Dungeons & Dragons 3.5 edition quick reference card for the owlbear has been published as part of a series of Monster Knowledge Cards.[70]

The owlbears appears in the HackMaster 4th edition Hacklopedia of Beasts Volume VI[71] and the HackMaster 5th edition Hacklopedia of Beasts.[72] Variants included are the lesser owlbear, great horned owlbear and the spotted owlbear.

The HackMaster adventure module Little Keep on the Borderlands features owlbears as enemies and an owlbear on the cover.[73]

Blood & Treasure, modelled after Dungeons & Dragons 3.5 edition, features the owlbear as an opponent.[74][75]

In video games

Dungeons & Dragons-licensed games

Several video games based on Dungeons & Dragons feature the owlbear:

  • The owlbear appears as a regular enemy in the arcade beat 'em up Tower of Doom[76] as well as in its sequel Shadow over Mystara.[77] The games were later re-released in a bundle for the Sega Saturn as the Dungeons & Dragons Collection.[78]
  • As of update 19, the MMORPG Dungeons & Dragons Online (originally released as Dungeons & Dragons Online: Stormreach) contains owlbears as combat foes and hireling pets.
  • The owlbear makes an appearance in Dungeons & Dragons Tactics for the PlayStation Portable.
  • Owlbears appear in Curse of the Azure Bonds, Unlimited Adventures and Neverwinter Nights, which are all part of the so-called Gold Box series of Advanced Dungeons & Dragons video games by SSI. Some or all of these titles are also included in a number of collected editions of Gold Box games.[79][80]
  • The owlbear is a regular opponent in Warriors of the Eternal Sun, which was developed for the Sega Genesis by Westwood Associates in 1992.
  • The owlbear is a epic rarity ridable mount in Neverwinter.

Warcraft franchise

Adaptations of the owlbear appear in the Warcraft universe in several forms:

  • Non-player characters known as "wildkin" appear in Reign of Chaos and its expansion The Frozen Throne.[81] Variants are the enraged wildkin and berserk wildkin. The actual term "owlbear" is only used in Warcraft III: Reign of Chaos and its manual,[82] and not used in its expansion.
  • The MMORPG World of Warcraft contains a variety of owlbear-like creatures named "wildkin", mostly as NPCs. The alternative term "owlkin" is used of wildkin living in the fictional Ammen Vale. A variant is the mutated owlkin. A more powerful wildkin is the owlbeast, with deranged owlbeast and raging owlbeast being subtypes. Some wildkin are also called "moonkin", which is also a creature players of the druid class can transform into.[83] A quest for players with the druid class involves defeating a moonkin named Lunaclaw.

Other games

  • Owlbears can be found in the roguelike computer games NetHack,{{citation needed|date=July 2016}} and ADOM.{{citation needed|date=July 2016}} It also appears in the text-based MMORPG BatMUD.{{citation needed|date=July 2016}}
  • The owlbear is an opponent in the Famicom game The Quest of Ki, a puzzle-platformer from the Babylonian Castle Saga released exclusively in Japan.{{citation needed|date=July 2016}}
  • In Wildtangent's FATE, owlbears are enemies in the game's first version. However, they were replaced by a similar monster called a shrike.{{citation needed|date=July 2016}}
  • Owlbears appear as mobs in the MMORPG The Shadows of Luclin in nineteen variants.[84] They are also featured in its sequel EverQuest II. Here, variants include the ash owlbear, cinder, pawcrusher and foulfeather as well as female and elder owlbears.[85]
  • The online collectible card game Legends of Norrath based on EverQuest features an ash owlbear card.[86]
  • An enemy named "owl bear" appears early into the Master System game Phantasy Star. It resembles an eyeball with bat wings, however, and is called "devil bat" in the original Japanese version.[87]
  • The owlbear is a monster in the 1992 SNES game Hand of the Heavenly Bride by Enix (later Square Enix).[88] The monster is also included in the later remakes for the PlayStation 2[89] and the Nintendo DS[90] Additionally, the Nintendo DS version features a stronger, purple variant called growlbear.
  • In the PlayStation 2 game Wild Arms 5, the owlbear appears as a common enemy.{{citation needed|date=July 2016}}
  • Tales of Destiny II for the PlayStation 2 features owl bears (オウルベア in the Japanese original).[91]
  • Owlbears appear as enemies in the game, Mana Khemia: Alchemists of Al-Revis.{{citation needed|date=July 2016}}
  • There are also owlbears as enemies in Final Fantasy XII. The Japanese original uses the term "owlbear", whereas the English localisation calls the creature "urstrix".[92]
  • Owlbears are the protagonists of the 2011 browser game Owlbear Garden.[93]
  • The owlbear is featured on a "monster card", a gameplay element in the MMO Kingdom Conquest by Sega.[94]
  • The online game Kingdom Quest by Funzio features owlbears as opponents.{{citation needed|date=July 2016}}
  • Another MMO, Lineage, includes owlbears with various levels of strength as well as a variant named "valley owlbear".[95]
  • In the PlayStation 3 game Dragon's Crown, owlbears appear as a mob.{{citation needed|date=July 2016}}

In other media

  • The owlbear was card #107 of 750 in the 1991 TSR trading cards factory set, and card #117 of 495 in the 1993 TSR trading cards factory set.
  • The Harbinger set, the first set of miniatures for the Dungeons & Dragons Miniatures Game, a collectible miniatures game, has an owlbear miniature.[96] The Blood War set has monster named owlbear ranger. The Against the Giants set includes a furious owlbear.[97]
  • In 2012, Wizards of the Coast released a new version of the 1975 adventure board game Dungeon![98] which features owlbears as opponents.[99]
  • Also released in 2012 by Wizards of the Coast, the game Lords of Waterdeep features a quest card called "domesticate owlbears".
  • The owlbear was depicted in the webcomic The Order of the Stick, where it was presented as a pointless cross between an already dangerous creature (a bear) and a harmless animal (an owl).[100]
  • A creature called a "nightripper" appears in Sagard the Barbarian #2: The Green Hydra game book by Gary Gygax. The nightripper is described and illustrated as a bear with an owl's head but with talons for forepaws. An illustration of it can be found prefacing section 12: The Kingdom Of Darkness.[101]
  • In Tabletop, the owlbear often pops up in the background or even as a censoring cover image during season two, from the "Lords of Waterdeep" episode onward. Beginning in season three, the owlbear also appears to point out when gameplay does not match the official rules.
  • In Douglas Niles' novel, Darkwell, an owlbear is born from the putrid Darkwell, as a child of Bhaal as a sin against nature.

Reception

Chris Sims of the on-line magazine Comics Alliance referred to the owlbear as "the second-greatest monster in the history of D&D".[102] Dave Chalker from Critical-Hits.com, a RPG blog which won the Ennie Gold 2011 Ennie Award for Best Blog,[103] recommended the use of the owlbear as a monster.[104] Rob Bricken from io9 named the owlbear as the sixth most memorable D&D monster.[105]

References

1. ^1 2 Gygax, Gary. Monster Manual (TSR, 1977)
2. ^1 Greenwood, Ed, "Ecology of the Rust Monster." Dragon #88 (TSR, 1984). Account was later re-printed in the Ecology of the Rust Monster article in issue #346.
3. ^1 2 Gygax, Gary and Robert Kuntz. Supplement I: Greyhawk (TSR, 1975)
4. ^Gygax: "There was a set of plastic toys laughlingly labelled as dinosaurs [if I remember right]. I frequented the local dime stores back in the late 60s and early 70s searching for toys that would suit tabletop fantasy gaming. The said bag contained three we incorporated—the bulette, the owl bear, and the rust monster."{{cite web | title = Gary Gygax: Q & A (Part I, Page 8) | publisher = EN World | date = 2002-09-06 | url = http://www.enworld.org/forum/archive-threads/167680-gary-gygax-q-part-xi-13.html | accessdate = 2009-03-15}}
5. ^1 Owlbear in the d20 SRD
6. ^Jacobs, James. "Into the Wormcrawl Fissure." Dungeon #134 (Pazio Publishing, 2006)
7. ^1 {{Cite book|title=Dungeons and Dragons 5E Monster Manual|last=|first=|publisher=|year=2014|isbn=|location=|pages=249|via=}}
8. ^Slavicsek, Bill and Richard Baker. Dungeons & Dragons for Dummies (Wiley Publishing, 2005)
9. ^Gygax, Gary and Brian Blume. Supplement III: Eldritch Wizardry (TSR, 1976)
10. ^Gygax, Gary, and Dave Arneson [1974], edited by Tom Moldvay. Dungeons & Dragons Basic Set (TSR, 1981)
11. ^Gygax, Gary, and Dave Arneson [1974], edited by Frank Mentzer. Dungeons & Dragons Set 1: Basic Rules (TSR, 1983)
12. ^{{cite book|last=Schick |first=Lawrence|title=Heroic Worlds: A History and Guide to Role-Playing Games|publisher=Prometheus Books |year=1991|isbn=0-87975-653-5 |pages=130–131}}
13. ^Brown, Timothy B., Troy Denning The New Easy to Master Dungeons & Dragons Game (TSR, 1991)
14. ^Allston, Aaron, Steven E. Schend, Jon Pickens, and Dori Watry. Dungeons & Dragons Rules Cyclopedia (TSR, 1991)
15. ^Brown, Timothy B., Troy Denning The Classic Dungeons & Dragons Game (TSR, 1994)
16. ^Slavicsek, Bill. Dungeons & Dragons Adventure Game (TSR, 1999)
17. ^Cook, David, et al. Monstrous Compendium Volume One (TSR, 1989)
18. ^Stewart, Doug, ed. Monstrous Manual (TSR, 1994)
19. ^Baas, Walter, Dustin Browder, Tom Prusa, Jonathan Tweet. Black Spine (TSR, 1994)
20. ^Richards, Jonathan M. "The Ecology of the Owlbear." Dragon #214 (TSR, 1995)
21. ^Pickens, Jon, ed. Monstrous Compendium Annual Volume Three (TSR, 1996)
22. ^Doyle, Chris. "Hunt for a Hierophant" Dungeon #63 (TSR, 1997)
23. ^Cook, Monte, Jonathan Tweet, and Skip Williams. Monster Manual (Wizards of the Coast, 2000)
24. ^Battle Sheets!
25. ^Doyle, Chris. "The Dying of the Light" Dungeon #84 (Wizards of the Coast, 2001)
26. ^Baker, Richard, Matt Forbeck, and Sean K. Reynolds. Unapproachable East (Wizards of the Coast, 2003)
27. ^Williams, Skip, ed. Monster Manual: Core Rulebook III v.3.5 (Wizards of the Coast, 2003)
28. ^Brown, Rusell. "Mellorn Hospitality" Dungeon #107 (Wizards of the Coast, 2004)
29. ^Banks, Cam, André La Roche. Bestiary of Krynn (Sovereign Press, 2004)
30. ^Banks, Cam, André La Roche. Bestiary of Krynn Revised (Sovereign Press, 2007)
31. ^Mearls, Mike, Stephen Schubert, and James Wyatt. Monster Manual (Wizards of the Coast, 2008)
32. ^Thompson, Rodney, Logan Bonner, and Matthew Sernett. Monster Vault (Wizards of the Coast, 2010)
33. ^[https://www.wizards.com/dnd/Product.aspx?x=dnd/products/dndacc/244650000 Monster Vault – An Essential D&D Game Supplement at the Wizards of the Coast official website]
34. ^{{cite journal | url=http://www.wizards.com/dnd/Article.aspx?x=dnd/4dreye/20120516| title=The Making of an Owlbear | work=Dragon’s-Eye View | author=Schindehette, Jon | date=May 16, 2012 | accessdate=November 5, 2012}}
35. ^Official D&D Next Playtest Package Bestiary, version from January 28, 2013
36. ^Bestiary on the Pathfinder RPG Official Homepage
37. ^Boomer, Clinton, Jason Bulmahn, Joshua J. Frost, Nicolas Logue, Robert McCreary, Jason Nelson, Richard Pett, Sean K Reynolds, James L. Sutter, and Greg A. Vaughan. Dungeon Denizens Revisited – A Pathfinder Chronicles Supplement (Paizo Publishing, 2009)
38. ^Official Siege Owlbear entry on Pathfinder SRD
39. ^Behind the Monsters at Paizo.com
40. ^Boyd, Bret. Behind the Monsters: Owlbear (Paizo Publishing, 2007)
41. ^Official Sleeyk Owlbear entry on Pathfinder SRD
42. ^Official Owlbear entry on Pathfinder SRD
43. ^Logue, Nicolas. Pathfinder #7 – Curse of the Crimson Throne Chapter 1: "Edge of Anarchy" (Paizo Publishing, 2008)
44. ^Pathfinder #7 – Curse of the Crimson Throne Chapter 1: "Edge of Anarchy" at Paizo.com
45. ^Official Owlbear Skeleton entry on Pathfinder SRD
46. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.nick-greenwood.com/owlbear.html |title=Skeletal owlbear illustration by Nick Greenwood}}{{dead link|date=March 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
47. ^{{cite web| url = http://www.copyright.gov/fls/fl108.html| title = US Copyright Office| accessdate = 2008-05-22}}
48. ^{{cite web|last=Varney|first=Allen|authorlink=Allen Varney|title=Retro-clones|url=http://www.escapistmagazine.com/articles/view/columns/days-of-high-adventure/6415-Retro-clones|work=The Escapist|accessdate=27 July 2010}}
49. ^{{cite web|last=Maliszewski|first=James|authorlink=James Maliszewski|title=Full Circle: A History of the Old School Revival|url=http://www.escapistmagazine.com/articles/view/columns/days-of-high-adventure/6412-Full-Circle-A-History-of-the-Old-School-Revival|work=The Escapist|accessdate=November 13, 2012}}
50. ^Finch, Matthew J. Swords & Wizardry Monster Book (Self-published, 2008)
51. ^Proctor, Daniel. Labyrinth Lords – Classic Fantasy Roleplaying Game of Labyrinths, Magic, and Monsters fourth revised edition (Goblinoid Games, 2009)
52. ^Blacky the Blackball. Dark Dungeons (Gratis Games, 2010)
53. ^Blacky the Blackball. Darker Dungeons (Gratis Games, 2011)
54. ^Blacky the Blackball. Darkest Dungeons (Gratis Games, 2012)
55. ^Marshall, Stuart. OSRIC – Old School Reference and Index Compilation v2.2 (Knights & Knaves, 2011)
56. ^Florio, Vincent, Bryan Manahan, Mike Stewart and Michael Thomas. Mazes & Perisl (Wild Games Productions, 2012)
57. ^Allison, Tavis, Alexander Macris, Greg Tito. Adventurer Conqueror King System (Autarch, 2012)
58. ^Curtis, Michael, Joseph Goodman, Harley Stroh, Dieter Zimmerman. Dungeon Crawl Classics Role Playing Game (Autarch, 2012)
59. ^Gonnerman, Chris, Ray Allen, William D. Smith, Jr., Nick Bogan, Evan Moore, Stuart Marshall, Emiliano Marchetti, Antonio Eleuteri, Luigi Castellani, Michael Hensley, Nazim N. Karaca, Arthur Reyes, Todd Roe, and Jim Bobb. Basic Fantasy Role-Playing Game 2nd Edition (Release 75, 2008)
60. ^Gonnerman, Chris, Ray Allen, Ola Berg, James D. Jarvis, R. Kevin Smoot, Omer Golan-Joel, D. Bamberger, MtBlack, Maliki, Bill Beatty, Sidney Parham, and J. D. Neal. The Basic Fantasy Field Guide of Creatures Malevolent and Benign (Release 2, 2010)
61. ^Stukey, Randall S. Microlite74 Basic Version 3.0 (Self-published, 2011)
62. ^Stukey, Randall S. Microlite74 Standard Version 3.0 (Self-published, 2011)
63. ^Stukey, Randall S. Microlite74 Extended Version 3.0 (Self-published, 2011)
64. ^Brown, Justen. For Gold & Glory (Self-published, 2011)
65. ^Chenault, Stephen, Robert Doyel. Castles & Crusades Monsters & Treasure (Troll Lord Games, 2005)
66. ^Crane, Luke, Thor Olavsu, Anthony Hersey and Peter Tierney. Burning THAC0 (Self-published, 2005)
67. ^Boyd, Bret, Charles W. Plemons III, John White. Foul Locales: Beyond the Walls (Mystic Eye Games, 2002)
68. ^Borgstrom, Rebecca, Eric Brennan, Genevieve Cogman, and Michael Goodwin. Manual of Monsters (Sword & Sorcery, 2003)
69. ^Cassada, Jackie, Brandon Crowley, Richard Farrese, Bob Fitch, Bruce Graw, Luke Johnson, Adam Loyd, Andrew Rowe, and Amber E. Scott. Manual Guide (Sword & Sorcery, 2007)
70. ^Thomson, Connie J., Robert W. Thomson. GM's Aid IV: Monster Knowledge Cards Volume 2: Gargoyle to Owlbear (4 Winds Fantasy Gaming, 2009)
71. ^Blackburn, Jolly R., Brian Jelke, Steve Johansson, and David S. Kenzer. Hacklopcedia of Beasts Volume VI (Kenzer & Company, 2001)
72. ^Blackburn, Jolly R., Brian Jelke, Steve Johansson, and David S. Kenzer. Hacklopcedia of Beasts (Kenzer and Company, 2011)
73. ^Blackburn, Jolly R., Brian Jelke, Steve Johansson, David S. Kenzer, Noah Kolman, Jamie LaFountain, and Don Morgan. B2: Little Keep on the Borderlands (Kenzer and Company, 2002)
74. ^Stater, John. Blood & Treasure: Treasure Keeper's Tome (Self-published, 2012)
75. ^Stater, John. Blood & Treasure: Complete Game (Self-published, 2012)
76. ^Tower of Doom list of enemies at Arcade Quartermaster
77. ^Shadow over Mystara list of enemies at Arcade Quartermaster
78. ^Dungeons & Dragons Collection at MobyGames
79. ^{{cite web|first=Matt |last=Barton |title=Unforgettable Realms: SSI's "Gold Box" Games |work=The History of Computer Role-Playing Games Part 2: The Golden Age (1985–1993) |page=4 |publisher=Gamasutra |date=2007-02-23 |url=http://www.gamasutra.com/features/20070223b/barton_04.shtml |accessdate=2011-11-21 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090227174428/http://www.gamasutra.com/features/20070223b/barton_04.shtml |archivedate=2009-02-27 |df= }}
80. ^{{cite web | first=Allen | last=Rausch | date=2004-08-16 | title=SSI's "Gold Box" Series | url=http://au.gamespy.com/articles/539/539214p1.html | accessdate=2011-11-21}}
81. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.battle.net/war3/neutral/wildkin.shtml|title=Wildkin|work=Mojo StormStout's Warcraft III Strategy Guide|publisher=Blizzard Entertainment|accessdate=2006-12-09}}
82. ^Warcraft III: Reign of Chaos User Manual (Blizzard Entertainment, 2002)
83. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.worldofwarcraft.com/info/classes/druid/talents.html|publisher=Blizzard Entertainment|title=Balance talent tree of the Druid class in World of Warcraft|accessdate=2008-06-04}}
84. ^EverQuest Bestiary at EverQuest Allakhazam
85. ^EverQuest II Bestiary at MMO Database
86. ^[ht tp://legendsofnorrath.station.sony.com/community.vm?Id=605 Hunt for Foulfeather Once Again in the Legends of Norrath February Retro-Replay Scenario! at the Legends of Norrath official website]
87. ^{{cite journal | url=http://gamersushi.com/2009/07/21/phantasy-star-game-blog-part-ii-owl-bears-make-me-cry/| title=Phantasy Star Game Blog Part II: Owl Bears Make Me Cry | work=Gamer Sushi | author="Anthony" | date=July 21, 2009 | accessdate=January 13, 2013}}
88. ^Dragon Quest V (SNES) Bestiary at Dragon's Den
89. ^Dragon Quest V (PS2) Bestiary at Dragon's Den
90. ^Dragon Quest V (Nintendo DS) Bestiary at Dragon's Den
91. ^Tales of Destiny II Guide at AbyssalChronicles.com
92. ^Sage Knowledge 30 of 78 (Urstrix Bestiary entry). {{cite video game|title=Final Fantasy XII |developer=Square Enix |date=2006-10-31 |platform=PlayStation 2}}
93. ^{{cite web | title = Owlbear Garden review at Gamezebo.com | url = http://www.gamezebo.com/games/owlbear-garden/review | date = 2011-11-28 | accessdate = 2012-11-10 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20121120031245/http://www.gamezebo.com/games/owlbear-garden/review | archive-date = 2012-11-20 | dead-url = yes | df = }}
94. ^Kingdom Conquest Official Homepage
95. ^Lineage Library Monster Index
96. ^Mini Galleries Archive: Harbinger at the Wizards of the Coast official website
97. ^Mini Galleries Archive: Against the Giants at the Wizards of the Coast official website
98. ^{{cite web | title = Dungeon! Board Game | publisher = Wizards of the Coast | date = 16 October 2012 | url = http://www.wizards.com/DnD/Product.aspx?x=dnd/products/dndacc/dungeonbg | accessdate = 17 October 2012}}
99. ^{{cite web | title = Dungeon! Board Game | publisher = The Gaming Gang | date = 18 October 2012 | url = http://www.wizards.com/DnD/Product.aspx?x=dnd/products/dndacc/dungeonbg | accessdate = 9 November 2012}}
100. ^The Order of the Stick #322 by Rich Burlew
101. ^Nightripper in Sagard the Barbarian
102. ^{{cite journal|url=http://www.comicsalliance.com/2012/10/19/ask-chris-125-the-greatest-monsters-in-dungeons-and-dragons/ |title=Ask Chris #125: The Greatest Monsters in 'Dungeons & Dragons' |work=Comics Alliance |last=Sims |first=Chris |date=October 19, 2012 |accessdate=November 10, 2012 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121021225320/http://www.comicsalliance.com/2012/10/19/ask-chris-125-the-greatest-monsters-in-dungeons-and-dragons |archivedate=October 21, 2012 |df= }}
103. ^2011 Noms and Winners of the Ennie Awards
104. ^{{cite journal|url=http://critical-hits.com/2009/02/26/10-monsters-i-use-in-every-dd-campaign-and-5-i-dont/|title=10 Monsters I Use in Every D&D Campaign (And 5 I Don't)|work=Critical-Hits.com|last= Chalker|first=Dave|date=February 26, 2009|accessdate=February 8, 2013}}
105. ^{{cite journal|url= http://io9.gizmodo.com/the-10-most-memorable-dungeons-dragons-monsters-1326074030/|title=The 10 Most Memorable Dungeons & Dragons Monsters|work=io9|last=Bricken|first=Rob|date=September 16, 2013|accessdate=January 20, 2016}}
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