| 词条 | Arakan Army (Kachin State) |
| 释义 |
| name = Arakan Army | native_name = ရက္ခိုင့်တပ်မတော် | native_name_lang = my | war = the internal conflict in Myanmar | image = Arakan Army Logo.png | image_size = 150px | caption = Emblem of the Arakan Army | active = {{Start date|df=yes|2009|04|10}} – present | leaders = Twan Mrat Naing[1] Nyo Twan Awng | ideology = Arakanese nationalism Separatism | headquarters = Laiza, Kachin State (temporary) | area = Chin State, Kachin State, Rakhine State, Shan State, Bangladesh–Myanmar border | strength = 7,000[2] | partof = United League of Arakan[3] | allies = Northern Alliance[4]
| opponents = State opponents
| battles = Internal conflict in Myanmar
| website = {{URL|http://arakan.army/}} | designated_as_terror_group_by = {{flag|Myanmar}}[5][6] }} The Arakan Army ({{lang-my|ရက္ခိုင့်တပ်မတော်}}; abbreviated AA) is a Rakhine insurgent group in Myanmar (Burma), founded on 10 April 2009.[1] It is the armed wing of the United League of Arakan (ULA), and is currently led by Major General Twan Mrat Naing. The purpose of the AA, as stated by its second-in-command Nyo Twan Awng, is to "protect our Arakan people, and to establish peace, justice, freedom and development."{{citation needed|date=January 2016}} The AA is a participant in the Kachin conflict, fighting alongside the Kachin Independence Army (KIA) against the Tatmadaw (Myanmar Armed Forces). Most AA soldiers were originally trained at the KIA Military Academy; however, the AA has additional training camps in Rakhine State. According to the Myanmar Peace Monitor, the AA had more than 1,500 troops in 2014,[7] including personnel stationed in the Rakhine State near Myanmar's border with Bangladesh.[8][9][10] The Irrawaddy stated in September 2015 that the AA had 2,500 troops and 10,000 supporters.[11] In 2019, the AA's numbers increased to an estimated 7,000 fighters.[2]{{better source needed|date=February 2019}} ObjectivesThe Arakan Army has stated that it advocates for:
In an interview with The Irrawaddy, Arakan Army commander-in-chief Twan Mrat Naing replied to an interviewer's question by saying, "Whether the objective is to obtain a federal union of democracy or the more autonomous confederate status like that of Wa State, the political objective of the group is to obtain confederate status for Rakhine State, and we prefer confederate status like that of Wa State, which has a larger share of power in line with the constitution."[12] HistoryThe Arakan Army (AA) was founded on 10 April 2009 along with its political wing, the United League of Arakan (ULA), in what it describes as its "temporary headquarters" in Laiza, Kachin State.[13] Following training, the group had planned to return to Arakan State and fight for self-determination; however, with the outbreak of fighting in Kachin State in June 2011, they were unable to return. As a result, they took up arms against the Myanmar Army in support of the KIA. In 2014, the AA started a settlement in Rakhine State (home land) near the border with Bangladesh and another near the border of Thai-Myanmar with which it has become much stronger and its combat abilities have been positively impacted.{{cn|date=August 2018}} In February 2015, AA fought alongside the Myanmar Nationalities Democratic Alliance Army (MNDAA), an ethnic armed group, and its ally the Taang National Libration Army (TNLA) in their conflict with the Myanmar Army.[14] Hundreds of armed men from the Myanmar troops were reportedly killed in this conflict. In April 2015, the AA clashed with the Myanmar Army in Kyauktaw Township of Rakhine State and Paletwa Township of Chin State.[15] On 27 August 2015, there was a clash between the AA and the Bangladesh border guard forces, with both sides opening fire near the Boro Modak area of Thanci in the Bandaran district, near the shared Burma-Bangladesh border.[16] On 20 August 2015, the Arakan Army clashed with a Border Guards Bangladesh (BGB) patrol after ten of their horses had been confiscated by the BGB earlier that day.[17] In December 2015, the Tatmadaw and the Arakan Army engaged in several days of fighting, around 60 kilometres (40 miles) north of Sittwe at the border between Kyauktaw and Mrauk U townships. An unknown number of military personnel were killed in the fighting.[18] Several Tatmadaw personnel, including one commanding officer, were killed in sniper attacks. Many others were injured.[19] Following clashes between Rohingya insurgents and Burmese security forces in northern Rakhine State in October 2016, the Arakan Army released a press statement, calling the perpetrators (the Arakan Rohingya Salvation Army) "savage Bengali Muslim terrorists" and the violence a "rampage of the Bengali Islamic fundamentalist militants in northern Arakan."[3] According to the BBC, there is popular support for the Arakan Army in Mrauk U and a number of men from the town have recently joined the group.[20] In November 2017, the group was involved in heavy clashes with the Tatmadaw in Chin State, in which 11 Tatmadaw soldiers were killed.[21] On 21 December 2018, the Myanmar Army declared a four-month unilateral ceasefire in five conflict areas, saying it would hold talks with non-signatories of the Nationwide Ceasefire Agreement (NCA) during the ceasefire period. However, the Western Command (stationed in Chin State and Rakhine State) was notably excluded from the unilateral ceasefire announcement and an increase in clashes between the Tatmadaw and the Arakan Army was reported.[22][23] On 4 January 2019, around 300 members of the Arakan Army launched pre-dawn attacks on four border police outposts—Kyaung Taung, Nga Myin Taw, Ka Htee La and Kone Myint—in northern Buthidaung Township.[24] Thirteen members of the Border Guard Police (BGP) were killed and nine others were injured,[25][26][27] whilst 40 firearms and more than 10,000 rounds of ammunition were looted. The Arakan Army later stated that it had captured nine BGP personnel and five civilians, and that three of its fighters were also killed in the attacks.[28][29] Following the attacks, the Office of the President of Myanmar held a high-level meeting on national security in the capital Naypyidaw on 7 January 2019, and instructed the Defense Ministry to increase troop deployments in the areas that were attacked and to use aircraft if necessary.[30] Myanmar Army soldiers from the 22nd Light Infantry Division, elements of the 66th and 99th Light Infantry Divisions, and battalions from the Western Command of the Tatmadaw were reportedly involved in the subsequent military offensive against the Arakan Army. Clashes were reported in Maungdaw, Buthidaung, Kyauktaw, Rathedaung and Ponnagyun Townships, located in the northern and central parts of Rakhine State. The Rakhine State government issued a notice blocking non-governmental organizations and UN agencies, except for the International Committee of the Red Cross and the World Food Programme, from travelling to rural areas in these townships affected by the conflict. The fighting prompted 5,000 civilians to flee from their homes and to take shelter in monasteries and communal areas across the region, according to the UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs.[31] Civilian casualties,[32] arbitrairy detention of ethnic Rakhine villagers,[33] and military blockage of food aid and medical relief were also reported.[34] On March 9, 2019, around 60 insurgents of Arakan Army launched night attack on Yoe-ta-yoke Police Station. According to a leaked combat report, 9 policemen were killed, 2 slightly injured and 12 weapons, including 10 BA-63 assault rifles were taken away by the attackers.[35] At the same day, AA troops managed to conquer the front line commanding post of Rakhine State’s Gwa Township-based No.563 Light Infantry Battalion under the supervision of Light Infantry Division No(5). According to press release by the Arakan Army, 11 personnel including 4 military engineers were captured and 16 backhoe excavators, one Toyota car, a dump truck, and 60 mm and 80 mm mortars were confiscated.[36] References1. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://thearakanarmy.com/?page_id=4|title=About AA|work=Arakan Army|access-date=24 June 2015}} 2. ^1 {{cite news |title=ဘယ္က ေငြနဲ႔ AA တပ္ေထာင္သလဲ |url=https://burma.irrawaddy.com/article/2019/01/08/179414.html |access-date=11 January 2019 |work=ဧရာဝတီ |date=8 January 2019|lang=my }} 3. ^1 2 3 {{cite news|last1=Mathieson|first1=David Scott|title=Shadowy rebels extend Myanmar’s wars|url=http://www.atimes.com/article/shadowy-rebels-extend-myanmars-wars/|access-date=13 June 2017|work=Asia Times|date=11 June 2017}} 4. ^{{cite news|last1=Lynn|first1=Kyaw Ye|title=Curfew imposed after clashes near Myanmar-China border|url=http://aa.com.tr/en/asia-pacific/curfew-imposed-after-clashes-near-myanmar-china-border/689281|access-date=21 November 2016|agency=Anadolu Agency}} 5. ^{{cite news |title=Myanmar army ordered to take offensive against Arakan Army |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/asia_pacific/myanmar-army-ordered-to-take-offensive-against-arakan-army/2019/01/18/9f09619a-1b7d-11e9-b8e6-567190c2fd08_story.html |access-date=19 January 2019 |work=AP via Washington Post |language=en}} 6. ^{{cite news |title=Spokesman: Myanmar Army Kills 13 Rebels in Rakhine Clashes |url=https://www.voanews.com/a/spokesman-myanmar-army-kills-13-rebels-in-rakhine-clashes/4748955.html |access-date=19 January 2019 |work=Reuters via VOA |language=en}} 7. ^{{cite web|title = Armed ethnic groups|url = http://mmpeacemonitor.org/stakeholders/armed-ethnic-groups|website = mmpeacemonitor.org|access-date = 31 August 2015|last = Administrator}} 8. ^{{cite web|title = Myanmar: New Front in an Old War|url = http://thediplomat.com/2015/07/myanmar-new-front-in-an-old-war/|access-date = 31 August 2015|first = Richard Potter, The|last = Diplomat}} 9. ^{{cite web|url = http://mmpeacemonitor.org/stakeholders/armed-ethnic-groups|title = Far From Home, Arakan Rebels Fight on Kachin Frontline|publisher = Irrawaddy.org|date = |access-date = 5 May 2014}} 10. ^{{Cite web|title = Arakan Army Calls for Calm After Bangladesh Border Clash|url = http://www.irrawaddy.org/burma/arakan-army-calls-for-calm-after-bangladesh-border-clash.html|access-date = 31 August 2015}} 11. ^{{Cite web|title = ‘I Want to Stress That We Are Not the Enemy’|url = http://www.irrawaddy.org/interview/i-want-to-stress-that-we-are-not-the-enemy.html|access-date = 28 September 2015}} 12. ^{{cite news |title=AA စစ္ဦးစီးခ်ဳပ္ ဗိုလ္ခ်ဳပ္ ထြန္းျမတ္ႏိုင္ႏွင့္ အင္တာဗ်ဴး (အပိုင္း - ၂) |url=https://burma.irrawaddy.com/opinion/interview/2019/01/11/179805.html |access-date=12 January 2019 |work=ဧရာဝတီ |date=11 January 2019 |lang=my }} 13. ^{{cite web|title = AA (Kachin Region)|url = http://www.mmpeacemonitor.org/stakeholders/myanmar-peace-center/153-aa|website = www.mmpeacemonitor.org|access-date = 28 September 2015|last = Administrator}} 14. ^{{Cite web|title = Ethnic allies join Kokang fight|url = http://www.mmtimes.com/index.php/national-news/13108-tnla-arakan-army-join-kokang-fight.html|website = www.mmtimes.com|access-date = 28 September 2015|first = The Myanmar|last = Times}} 15. ^{{Cite web|title = Refugees From Ruined Village Say Myanmar Army Trapped Them|url = http://www.voanews.com/content/refugees-ruined-village-trapped-myanmar-army/2731123.html|access-date = 28 September 2015}} 16. ^{{Cite web|title = Arakan Army Calls for Calm After Bangladesh Border Clash|url = http://www.irrawaddy.org/burma/arakan-army-calls-for-calm-after-bangladesh-border-clash.html|access-date = 9 September 2015}} 17. ^{{cite web|title=Arakan Army attack Border Guard Bangladesh patrol|url=http://mizzima.com/news-domestic/arakan-army-attack-border-guard-bangladesh-patrol}} 18. ^{{Cite web|title = Rakhine refugees await return after Arakan Army clashes|url = http://www.frontiermyanmar.net/en/news/rakhine-refugees-await-return-arakan-army-clashes|website = Frontier Myanmar|access-date = 2016-02-16|first = Mratt Kyaw|last = Thu}} 19. ^{{cite news|title = Myanmar army clashes with ethnic Rakhine rebels|url = https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/jan/08/myanmar-army-clashes-ethnic-rakhine-rebels-killed|newspaper = The Guardian|date = 2016-01-08|access-date = 2016-02-16|issn = 0261-3077|language = en-GB|first = Oliver|last = Holmes}} 20. ^{{cite news|last1=Head|first1=Jonathan|title=Hatred and despair in an ancient kingdom|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-42899242|accessdate=26 February 2018|work=BBC News|date=8 February 2018}} 21. ^{{cite news|title=Tatmadaw Troops Killed and Wounded in Arakan Army Ambush|url=https://www.irrawaddy.com/news/tatmadaw-troops-killed-wounded-arakan-army-ambush.html|accessdate=26 February 2018|work=The Irrawaddy|date=9 November 2017}} 22. ^{{cite news |title=Myanmar Says Police Attacked as Western Fighting Displaces Thousands |url=https://www.nytimes.com/reuters/2019/01/02/world/asia/02reuters-myanmar-rakhine.html |accessdate=12 January 2019 |work=The New York Times |date=2 January 2019}} 23. ^{{cite news |title=Analysis: Arakan Army - A Powerful New Threat to the Tatmadaw |url=https://www.irrawaddy.com/news/burma/analysis-arakan-army-powerful-new-threat-tatmadaw.html |accessdate=12 January 2019 |work=The Irrawaddy |date=8 January 2019}} 24. ^{{cite news |last1=Lintner |first1=Bertil |title=Arakan Army clashes with government forces in Rakhine state |url=http://www.atimes.com/article/arakan-army-clashes-with-government-forces-in-rakhine-state/ |accessdate=5 January 2019 |work=Asia Times |date=3 January 2019}} 25. ^{{cite news |title=13 policemen die in Rakhine rebel attacks |url=https://www.straitstimes.com/asia/se-asia/13-policemen-die-in-rakhine-rebel-attacks |accessdate=5 January 2019 |work=The Straits Times |date=5 January 2019 |language=en}} 26. ^{{cite news |last1=Aung |first1=Min Thein |title=Rakhine Insurgents Kill 13 Policemen, Injure Nine Others in Myanmar Outpost Attacks |url=https://www.rfa.org/english/news/myanmar/rakhine-insurgents-kill-13-policemen-01042019162156.html |accessdate=5 January 2019 |work=Radio Free Asia |date=4 January 2019 |language=en}} 27. ^{{cite news |last1=Aung |first1=Thu Thu |last2=Naing |first2=Shoon |title=Rakhine Buddhist rebels kill 13 in Independence Day attack on... |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-myanmar-rakhine/rakhine-buddhist-army-kills-seven-in-independence-day-attack-on-police-posts-idUSKCN1OY0N0 |accessdate=5 January 2019 |work=Reuters |date=4 January 2019 |language=en}} 28. ^{{cite news |last1=Emont |first1=Jon |last2=Myo |first2=Myo |title=Buddhist Violence Portends New Threat to Myanmar |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/buddhist-violence-portends-new-threat-to-myanmar-11546626324 |accessdate=5 January 2019 |work=Wall Street Journal |date=4 January 2019}} 29. ^{{cite news |title=AA Frees 14 Police, 4 Women Captured in Attack on Border Posts |url=https://www.irrawaddy.com/news/aa-frees-14-police-4-women-captured-attack-border-posts.html |accessdate=11 January 2019 |work=The Irrawaddy |date=5 January 2019}} 30. ^{{cite news |title=President Convenes Top-Level Security Meeting in Wake of AA Attacks |url=https://www.irrawaddy.com/news/burma/president-convenes-top-level-security-meeting-wake-aa-attacks.html |accessdate=11 January 2019 |work=The Irrawaddy |date=8 January 2019}} 31. ^{{cite news |title=UN Calls for 'Rapid and Unimpeded' Aid Access to Myanmar's Rakhine |url=https://www.irrawaddy.com/news/un-calls-rapid-unimpeded-aid-access-myanmars-rakhine.html |accessdate=17 January 2019 |work=The Irrawaddy |date=15 January 2019}} 32. ^{{cite news |title=Three Villagers Shot Dead in Fighting Between Gov’t, AA Troops in Rakhine |url=https://www.irrawaddy.com/news/burma/three-villagers-shot-dead-in-fighting-between-govt-aa-troops-in-rakhine.html |accessdate=17 January 2019 |work=The Irrawaddy |date=15 January 2019}} 33. ^{{cite news |title=သရက္ျပင္ေက်းရြာအုပ္ခ်ဳပ္ေရးမွဴးအပါအ၀င္ ၁၅ ဦးကို တပ္မေတာ္ ဖမ္းဆီး |url=https://www.rfa.org/burmese/news/mm-military-detained-15villagers-including-village-chief-in-butheetaung-01142019065934.html |accessdate=17 January 2019 |work=Radio Free Asia |language=my}} 34. ^{{cite news |title=Concern Mounts for IDPs in Northern Rakhine as Army Blocks Aid Shipments |url=https://www.irrawaddy.com/news/concern-mounts-idps-northern-rakhine-army-blocks-aid-shipments.html |accessdate=17 January 2019 |work=The Irrawaddy |date=9 January 2019}} 35. ^https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/asia_pacific/myanmar-says-9-police-killed-in-arakan-army-attack/2019/03/10/082ac49e-432d-11e9-94ab-d2dda3c0df52_story.html 36. ^{{cite web|url=https://arakan.army/%e1%81%82%e1%81%80%e1%81%81%e1%81%89-%e1%80%81%e1%80%af%e1%82%8f%e1%80%bd%e1%80%85%e1%80%b9%e1%81%8a-%e1%80%99%e1%80%90%e1%80%b9%e1%80%9c%e1%81%89-%e1%80%9b%e1%80%80%e1%80%b9-%e1%81%8a%e1%80%97/|title=၂၀၁၉ ခုႏွစ္၊ မတ္လ(၉) ရက္ ၊ဗ်ဳဟာမႉးေနထိုင္ေသာစခန္းအား အၿပီးသတ္တိုက္ခိုက္ေခ်မႈန္းေသာတိုက္ပြဲသတင္း|first=Arakan|last=Army|date=|website=arakan.army|access-date=16 March 2019}} External links
2 : Rebel groups in Myanmar|Paramilitary organisations based in Myanmar |
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