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词条 Oxford, Ohio
释义

  1. History

  2. Culture

      Uptown Music Concerts    Oxford Wine Festival    Oxford Community Arts Center    Museums  

  3. Environment

  4. Freedom Summer

      1964 training    Memorial  

  5. Education

  6. Fraternity headquarters

  7. Geography

  8. Demographics

     2010 census  2000 census 

  9. Notable people

  10. References

  11. Further reading

  12. External links

{{Infobox settlement
| name = Oxford, Ohio
| official_name = City of Oxford
| settlement_type = City
| nickname =
| image_skyline = Oxford_ohio_main.jpg
| image_caption = Buildings along High Street in uptown Oxford.
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = United States
| subdivision_type1 = State
| subdivision_name1 = Ohio
| subdivision_type2 = County
| subdivision_name2 = Butler
| pushpin_map = USA#Ohio
| pushpin_relief = 1
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in the United States and Ohio
|image_map1 = Map of Butler County Ohio Highlighting Oxford City.png
|mapsize1 = 250px
|map_caption1 = Location of Oxford in Butler County

| government_footnotes =


| government_type =
| leader_title = Mayor
| leader_name = Prue Dana[1]
| leader_title1 =
| leader_name1 =
| established_title = Chartered
| established_date = 1809
| established_title1 = Platted
| established_date1 = 1810

| unit_pref = Imperial


| area_footnotes = [2]
| area_magnitude =
| area_total_km2 = 17.30
| area_land_km2 = 17.30
| area_water_km2 = 0
| area_total_sq_mi = 6.68
| area_land_sq_mi = 6.68
| area_water_sq_mi = 0| population_as_of = 2010
| population_est = 22859
| pop_est_as_of = 2017[2]
| population_footnotes = [4]
| population_total = 21371
| population_density_km2 = 1235.3
| population_density_sq_mi = 3199.3| timezone = Eastern (EST)
| utc_offset = -5
| timezone_DST = EDT
| utc_offset_DST = -4
| elevation_footnotes = [3]
| elevation_m = 283
| elevation_ft = 928
| coordinates = {{coord|39|30|27|N|84|44|48|W|region:US-OH|display=inline,title}}
| postal_code_type = ZIP code
| postal_code = 45056
| area_code = 513
| blank_name = FIPS code
| blank_info = 39-59234[4]
| blank1_name = GNIS feature ID
| blank1_info = 1044265[3]
| website = {{URL|www.cityofoxford.org/}}
| footnotes =
}}Oxford is a city in Butler County, Ohio, United States, in the southwestern portion of the state approximately 28 mi (46 km) NW of Cincinnati. It lies in Oxford Township, originally called the College Township. The population was 21,371 at the 2010 census. This college town was founded as a home for Miami University. In 2014, Oxford was rated by Forbes as the "Best College Town" in the United States, based on a high percentage of students per capita and part-time jobs, and a low occurrence of brain-drain.[5]

History

Miami University was chartered in 1809, and Oxford was laid out by James Heaton on March 29, 1810, by the Ohio General Assembly's order of February 6, 1810. It was established in Range 1 East, Town 5 North of the Congress Lands in the southeast quarter of Section 22, the southwest corner of Section 23, the northwest corner of Section 26, and the northeast corner of Section 27. The original village, consisting of 128 lots, was incorporated on February 23, 1830. Oxford was elevated to city status in 1971. Freedom Summer started with orientations at Western College for Women in June 1964. This event is commemorated near the Kumler Chapel on the Western campus, now a part of Miami University.

Culture

Oxford is home to an array of festivals and events throughout the year, including the Uptown Music Concerts and the award-winning Wine Festival.[6] Additionally, Miami University provides access to a wide range of events, from lectures sponsored by the various departments (the Humanities Department, for example, has a consistently full calendar of events open to the public [7]), to live performances by the Theater and Music departments. Every year a schedule of events is organized through the Miami Performing Arts Series (MPAS) [8] who have brought well known entertainers to town such as Trevor Noah [9] and Wayne Brady.[10]

In January 2018, the website Livability.com ranked Oxford #74 on its list of Top 100 Best Places to Live. According to the website, "Oxford features a fun, college-town atmosphere with multiple shops, restaurants, and entertainment venues." The description of Oxford also includes praise for the "several miles of hiking trails" and "affordable housing options throughout the city."[11]

Uptown Music Concerts

Formerly known as the Summer Music Concert Series, the Uptown Music Concerts is a four-month long event thrown by the town's visitor center, Enjoy Oxford. Every Thursday night from June through September, concert-goers are treated to a free outdoor performance in the uptown park. Musicians take the stage under the pavilion while the audience sets out chairs and blankets in the grassy knoll below. The lineup of musicians throughout the four months continues to be impressive, bringing in talent from all over the country.[12]

Oxford Wine Festival

The Oxford Wine Festival is an award-winning annual summer festival that takes place in the historic uptown district of Oxford. The festival, which is thrown by the Oxford Chamber of Commerce, includes a variety of wine vendors, a beer garden, live musical performances, and booths for merchants and artisans selling handmade goods.

Oxford Community Arts Center

The Oxford Community Arts Center (OCAC) is Oxford's premier arts facility where several major events in town take place both annually and regularly. These events include the Chocolate Meltdown (a January event featuring a range of chocolate tastings)[13] and the monthly Second Fridays event (an open house gathering where guests enjoy food, live music, and the open door studios of resident artists).[14]

The OCAC building was previously used for the Oxford Female Institute in 1849, then as the Oxford College for Women in 1906 after the Oxford Female Institute merged with the Oxford Female College. After the closing of the school in 1928, Miami University bought the building and renovated it to the Georgian style it is today. Even with its renovations, guests can see many of the building's historical details. The building now provides Oxford with a ballroom, meeting and classroom facilities, and artist studios.[15] It is often used as a venue for large events such as weddings.

Museums

Oxford has several museums throughout the town. The Robert A. Hefner Museum of Natural History, the Karl E. Limper Geology Museum, the William Holmes McGuffey Museum, and the Miami University Art Museum (MUAM). The MUAM is free and open to the public, and houses a range of galleries and exhibits throughout the year. Additionally, the MUAM boasts an impressive permanent collection of over 17,000 works, "many of which are regularly available to the public through exhibition display in one or more of the Museum's five gallery spaces." [16]

Environment

The Miami University Natural Areas has over 17 miles of hiking trails throughout Oxford. Hikers can hike through the Silvoor Biology Sanctuary and up to the bluffs, or through the 100 acre Western Woods to enjoy a "magnificent stand of oaks, beech and maples" on the trail.[17]

Additionally, the Hueston Woods State Park is just five miles outside of Oxford proper. The park features 12 miles of trails, as well as a 96-room lodge overlooking Acton Lake.

Freedom Summer

1964 training

In the summer of 1964, a two-week orientation took place in Oxford at the Western College for Women (which later became part of Miami University in 1974) for Freedom Summer volunteers. The orientation, which took place from June 14 to June 27,[18] included training in non-violent resistance for volunteers in preparation for their trip to Mississippi. Once in Mississippi, volunteers would be attempting to register as many black voters as possible amid the violent atmosphere of a racially segregated state. The orientation at Western was originally planned to take place at Kentucky's Berea College, but pressure from Berea alumni who didn't want the controversial volunteer campaign on their campus led organizers to find another space further up north so that "the ties to the South were not quite so strong." [19]

Memorial

In 2000, a stone monument dedicated to Freedom Summer was built next to the Kumler Chapel on Western Campus. According to Miami University's website,

"The grassy bank was chosen because no excavating needed to be done and the proximity both to Peabody Hall and Kumler Chapel seemed to combine the right mix of educational and spiritual properties. From this location, the memorial was also visible from the road. The color of the rocks matches most of the architecture on Western Campus, but the pieces of limestone are meant to convey a story." [20]
The memorial tells the story of Freedom Summer with a chronological timeline of events engraved into each limestone bench.

In 2014, there was an addition to the memorial after three Miami University students (Nathan Foley, Jesse Thayer, and Brandon Lowery) built three steel treelike sculptures with wind chimes to fit over the existing trees lining the memorial.[21] These sculptures were made with the intention to further memorialize the brave lives and tragic deaths of James Chaney, Andrew Goodman and Michael Schwerner, the three Freedom Summer volunteers who were murdered while in Mississippi.

2014 also marked the 50th anniversary of Freedom Summer and the volunteer's training in Oxford. Miami University honored the occasion with a special conference and reunion, titled "50 Years After Freedom Summer: Understanding the Past, Building the Future." [22]

Education

  • Higher level academic institutions
    • Miami University
    • Western College for Women - operated from 1855 to 1974, and then merged with Miami University. The campus is home now to Miami's Western College Program.[23]
  • Public Schools
    • Talawanda School District Oxford's Talawanda School District was listed as one of the top 100 public school systems in the country by Offspring Magazine, a Forbes publication (Sep/Oct 2000). Sixty-one of the 100 districts listed were college town districts. Offspring worked with SchoolMatch.com using student score criteria, cost of living, academic performance and academic expenditures to develop a more complete overview of school districts. The article said these are districts that give you the most return for your housing/K-12 public school education dollar.
  • Private Schools
    • McGuffey Montessori School PreK through Grade 8

Oxford has a public library, a branch of the Lane Libraries.[24]

Fraternity headquarters

Oxford is home to the national offices of five Greek-letter organizations including the home office of the international business fraternity of Delta Sigma Pi, social sorority Delta Zeta and social fraternities Beta Theta Pi, Phi Delta Theta, and Phi Kappa Tau. All but Delta Sigma Pi were founded at Miami University. Sigma Chi was also founded at Miami University, and Sigma Chi's [https://history.sigmachi.org/mm/founding founding site] building on the north side of High Street at the town square is currently a mixed-use commercial building owned by the Sigma Chi Foundation. Visitors can also see the room on the 2nd floor where Sigma Chi's seven founders started the Fraternity on June 28, 1855.

Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of {{convert|6.68|sqmi|sqkm|2}}, all land.[25]

Demographics

{{US Census population
|align=right
|1820= 258
|1830= 737
|1850= 1111
|1860= 1839
|1870= 1738
|1880= 1743
|1890= 1922
|1900= 2009
|1910= 2017
|1920= 2146
|1930= 2588
|1940= 2756
|1950= 6944
|1960= 7828
|1970= 15868
|1980= 17655
|1990= 19013
|2000= 21943
|2010= 21371
|estyear=2017
|estimate=22859
|estref=[26]
|footnote=Sources:[4][27][28][29][30][31][32][33]
}}

2010 census

As of the census[34] of 2010, there were 21,371 people, 5,799 households, and 1,909 families residing in the city. The population density was {{convert|3199.3|PD/sqmi|PD/km2|1}}. There were 6,622 housing units at an average density of {{convert|991.3|/sqmi|/km2|1}}. The racial makeup of the city was 87.6% White, 4.0% African American, 0.2% Native American, 5.4% Asian, 0.6% from other races, and 2.2% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.3% of the population.

There were 5,799 households of which 14.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 24.6% were married couples living together, 6.1% had a female householder with no husband present, 2.2% had a male householder with no wife present, and 67.1% were non-families. 33.7% of all households were made up of individuals and 6.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.40 and the average family size was 2.78.

The median age in the city was 21.4 years. 6.8% of residents were under the age of 18; 67.9% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 10.9% were from 25 to 44; 8.8% were from 45 to 64; and 5.6% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 47.6% male and 52.4% female.

2000 census

As of the census[4] of 2000, there were 21,943 people, 5,870 households, and 2,066 families residing in the city. The population density was 3,734.4 people per square mile (1,440.9/km²). There were 6,134 housing units at an average density of 1,043.9 per square mile (402.8/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 91.2% White, 4.3% African American, 0.2% Native American, 2.4% Asian, <0.1% Pacific Islander, 0.5% from other races, and 1.4% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.44% of the population.

There were 5,870 households out of which 16.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 26.8% were married couples living together, 6.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 64.8% were non-families. 32.0% of all households were made up of individuals and 5.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.43 and the average family size was 2.85.

In the city, the population was spread out with 8.3% under the age of 18, 66.8% from 18 to 24, 11.7% from 25 to 44, 8.4% from 45 to 64, and 4.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 21 years. For every 100 females, there were 87.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 87.1 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $25,164, and the median income for a family was $52,589. Males had a median income of $35,833 versus $24,637 for females. The per capita income for the city was $12,165. About 13.4% of families and 43.7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 18.8% of those under age 18 and 8.1% of those age 65 or over.

Notable people

{{unreferenced section |date=November 2018}}{{See also|List of Miami University people}}
  • Walter Alston, Major League Baseball manager, member of the National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum
  • Bill Bartlett, of The Lemon Pipers, psychedelic/bubblegum pop band, had #1 hit in 1968 called "Green Tambourine"
  • Dan Boyle, National Hockey League (NHL) hockey player for the New York Rangers
  • Jerome Conley, mayor
  • Khashyar Darvich, film producer and director
  • David J. Eicher, chief editor of Astronomy magazine and author of publications on astronomy and American History
  • Edith Emerson, painter
  • Weeb Ewbank, football coach, 3-time World Champion (1958, 1959, 1968), member of Pro Football Hall of Fame
  • Earle Foxe, theater and film actor
  • Victor Furth, architect
  • Kason Gabbard, Major League Baseball pitcher
  • Nick Gillespie, libertarian journalist, former editor-in-chief of Reason magazine, current editor of reason.tv
  • Caroline Harrison, wife of President Benjamin Harrison
  • Russell Benjamin Harrison, son of Benjamin and Caroline Harrison, Indiana politician
  • Darrell Hedric, basketball head coach and scout
  • Oliver Toussaint Jackson, businessman
  • Henry MacCracken, educator, chancellor of University of Pittsburgh and New York University
  • William Holmes McGuffey, educator
  • Edgar Stillman Kelley, composer and music educator at Western College for Women
  • Lorenzo Lorraine Langstroth, "Father of American Beekeeping"
  • Maurice Rocco, pianist

References

1. ^{{cite web | url=http://www.bceo.org/citiesvillages.html | title=City & Village Information | publisher=Butler County Engineer's Office | accessdate=3 June 2018}}
2. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/popest/data/tables.2017.html|title=Population and Housing Unit Estimates|accessdate=May 26, 2018}}
3. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://geonames.usgs.gov|accessdate=2008-01-31|title=US Board on Geographic Names|publisher=United States Geological Survey|date=2007-10-25}}
4. ^1 2 {{cite web|url=http://factfinder2.census.gov|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=2008-01-31|title=American FactFinder}}
5. ^{{Cite news|title=The 10 Best And Worst College Cities And Towns In The U.S. |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/kathryndill/2014/12/22/the-10-best-and-worst-college-cities-and-towns-in-the-u-s/ |magazine=Forbes |accessdate=November 19, 2015}}
6. ^{{Cite web|url=https://oxfordwinefestival.com/|title=Oxford Wine Festival|last=|first=|date=|website=|access-date=}}
7. ^{{Cite web|url=http://humanitiescenter.miamioh.edu/calendar|title=Humanities Events|last=|first=|date=|website=Miami University|access-date=}}
8. ^{{Cite web|url=http://miamioh.edu/cca/performing-arts-series/|title=Miami Performing Arts Series|last=|first=|date=|website=|access-date=}}
9. ^{{Cite web|url=http://miamioh.edu/news/top-stories/2017/05/trevor-noah.html|title=Trevor Noah, host of Comedy Central's "The Daily Show," to perform during Family Weekend|last=|first=|date=|website=Miami University|access-date=}}
10. ^{{Cite web|url=http://miamioh.edu/cca/news/2016/09/performing-arts.html|title=Performing Arts Series continues with Wayne Brady, Live and more|last=|first=|date=|website=Miami University|access-date=}}
11. ^{{cite news |title=Cincinnati makes Livability's 100 best places to live list |url=https://www.cincinnati.com/story/news/2018/01/25/cincinnati-makes-livabilitys-100-best-places-live-list/1062476001/ |work=Cincinnati.com |date=January 25, 2018 |accessdate=March 8, 2018}}
12. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.enjoyoxford.org/home-two/this-week-in-oxford/summer-concert-series/|title=Summer Music Concert Series Schedule|last=|first=|date=|website=Enjoy Oxford|access-date=}}
13. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.chocolatemeltdown.com/|title=Chocolate Meltdown|last=|first=|date=|website=|access-date=}}
14. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.oxarts.org/portfolio-view/second-fridays/|title=Second Fridays|last=|first=|date=|website=Oxford Community Arts Center|access-date=}}
15. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.oxarts.org/about-us/history/|title=History of OCAC|last=|first=|date=|website=Oxford Community Arts Center|access-date=}}
16. ^{{Cite web|url=http://miamioh.edu/cca/art-museum/collections/index.html|title=Collections {{!}} Art Museum|last=|first=|date=|website=Miami University|access-date=}}
17. ^{{Cite web|url=http://miamioh.edu/student-life/natural-areas/trails/index.html|title=Trails - Natural Areas|last=|first=|date=|website=Miami University|access-date=|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180126012454/http://miamioh.edu/student-life/natural-areas/trails/index.html|archive-date=2018-01-26|dead-url=yes|df=}}
18. ^{{Cite book|title=Freedom Summer|last=McAdam|first=Dough|publisher=Oxford Univ. Press|year=1988|isbn=|location=|pages=66.}}
19. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.npr.org/sections/codeswitch/2014/06/14/318917992/50-years-ago-freedom-summer-began-by-training-for-battle|title=50 Years Ago, Freedom Summer Began By Training For Battle|work=NPR.org|access-date=2018-01-24|language=en}}
20. ^{{Cite web|url=http://miamioh.edu/diversity-inclusion/programs-resources/community-events/celebrating-freedom/|title=Celebrating Freedom|last=|first=|date=|website=Miami University|access-date=}}
21. ^{{Cite web|url=http://miamioh.edu/news/top-stories/2014/10/chimes.html|title=Students shape steel into Freedom Summer Chimes|last=Boen|first=Donna|date=|website=Miami University|access-date=}}
22. ^{{Cite web|url=http://miamioh.edu/news/top-stories/2014/10/fs-conference-more.html|title=48 Freedom Summer volunteers to reunite in Oxford 50 years later|last=Kissell|first=Margo|date=|website=|access-date=}}
23. ^Western College | Ohio History Center
24. ^{{cite web | url=https://www.lanepl.org/about/hours-and-locations/ | title=Hours & Locations | publisher=Lane Libraries | accessdate=25 February 2018}}
25. ^1 {{cite web|title=US Gazetteer files 2010|url=https://www.census.gov/geo/www/gazetteer/files/Gaz_places_national.txt|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=2013-01-06|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/64vfLAeJ2?url=http://www.census.gov/geo/www/gazetteer/files/Gaz_places_national.txt|archivedate=2012-01-24|df=}}
26. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/popest/data/tables.2017.html|title=Population and Housing Unit Estimates|accessdate=May 26, 2018}}
27. ^{{cite web|title=Population of Civil Divisions Less than Counties|url=http://www2.census.gov/prod2/decennial/documents/1870a_08.pdf|work=Statistics of the Population of the United States at the Tenth Census|publisher=U.S. Census Bureau|accessdate=28 November 2013}}{{dead link|date=December 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
28. ^{{cite web|title=Population of Civil Divisions Less than Counties|url=http://www2.census.gov/prod2/decennial/documents/1880a_v1-11.pdf|work=Statistics of the Population of the United States at the Tenth Census|publisher=U.S. Census Bureau|accessdate=28 November 2013}}
29. ^{{cite web|title=Population: Ohio|url=http://www2.census.gov/prod2/decennial/documents/36894832v3ch3.pdf|work=1910 U.S. Census|publisher=U.S. Census Bureau|accessdate=28 November 2013}}
30. ^{{cite web|title=Population: Ohio|url=http://www2.census.gov/prod2/decennial/documents/03815512v1ch08.pdf|work=1930 US Census|publisher=U.S. Census Bureau|accessdate=28 November 2013}}
31. ^{{cite web|title=Number of Inhabitants: Ohio|url=http://www2.census.gov/prod2/decennial/documents/37749197v1p37_ch02.pdf|work=18th Census of the United States|publisher=U.S. Census Bureau|accessdate=22 November 2013}}{{dead link|date=December 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
32. ^{{cite web|title=Ohio: Population and Housing Unit Counts|url=https://www.census.gov/prod/cen1990/cph2/cph-2-37.pdf|publisher=U.S. Census Bureau|accessdate=22 November 2013}}
33. ^{{cite web|title=Incorporated Places and Minor Civil Divisions Datasets: Subcounty Population Estimates: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2012|url=https://www.census.gov/popest/data/cities/totals/2012/SUB-EST2012.html|publisher=U.S. Census Bureau|accessdate=25 November 2013|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6HQu4Spqa?url=http://www.census.gov/popest/data/cities/totals/2012/SUB-EST2012.html|archivedate=17 June 2013|df=}}
34. ^1 {{cite web|title=American FactFinder|url=http://factfinder2.census.gov/faces/nav/jsf/pages/index.xhtml|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=2013-01-06}}

Further reading

  • Brent S. Barlow, W.H. Todhunter, Stephen D. Cone, Joseph J. Pater, and Frederick Schneider, eds. Centennial History of Butler County, Ohio. Hamilton, Ohio: B.F. Bowen, 1905.
  • Jim Blount. The 1900s: 100 Years In the History of Butler County, Ohio. Hamilton, Ohio: Past Present Press, 2000.
  • Butler County Engineer's Office. Butler County Official Transportation Map, 2003. Fairfield Township, Butler County, Ohio: The Office, 2003.
  • Miami University Factbook. [https://web.archive.org/web/20060916113509/http://www.units.muohio.edu/oir/FactBook/FB200607/Enrollment/summ-body.htm]
  • A History and Biographical Cyclopaedia of Butler County, Ohio with Illustrations and Sketches of Its Representative Men and Pioneers. Cincinnati, Ohio: Western Biographical Publishing Company, 1882.  
  • Ohio. Secretary of State. The Ohio municipal and township roster, 2002-2003. Columbus, Ohio: The Secretary, 2003.
  • "The 100 Best School Districts in the U.S.", Offspring, September/October 2000.

External links

{{Commons category|Oxford, Ohio}}{{wikivoyage|Oxford (Ohio)}}{{Portal|Ohio}}
  • City of Oxford
  • Oxford Visitors Bureau
{{Butler County, Ohio}}{{Ohio}}

6 : Populated places established in 1810|Cities in Butler County, Ohio|Miami University|University towns in the United States|1810 establishments in Ohio|Cities in Ohio
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