| 词条 | Archduke Rainer of Austria (1895–1930) |
| 释义 |
| name = Archduke Rainer | image = File:Archduchess Blanca with her sons Archdukes Rainer and Leopold.jpg | caption = Archduke Rainer (right) with his mother and his younger brother Archduke Leopold (left) | birth date=21 November 1895 | death_date={{Death date and age|1930|5|25|1895|11|21|df=y}} | spouse = | issue = | house = Habsburg-Tuscany | father = Archduke Leopold Salvator of Austria, Prince of Tuscany | mother = Infanta Blanca of Spain }}Archduke Rainer of Austria {{lang-de|Rainer, Erzherzog von Österreich-Toskana}}; (21 November 1895 – 25 May 1930) was a member of the House of Habsburg-Lorraine, a member of the Tuscan branch of the Imperial House of Habsburg, an Archduke of Austria and Prince of Tuscany by birth. He was the eldest son Archduke Leopold Salvator of Austria, Prince of Tuscany. He served as officer in the Austrian army during World War I.[1] At the fall of the Habsburg dynasty, he remained in Vienna and worked for a time as taxi driver. He died unmarried at the age of 34 from blood-poisoning.[2] LifeArchduke Rainer was born in Agram (the historic Austrian-German name for what is now the city of Zagreb in Croatia), the fourth child and eldest son of Archduke Leopold Salvator of Austria, Prince of Tuscany and Infanta Blanca of Spain (daughter of Carlos, Duke of Madrid).[3] He received the names Rainer Karl Leopold Blanka Anton Margarete Beatrix Peter Joseph Raphael Michael Ignaz Stephan. During World War I Rainer served as a lieutenant of artillery in the Austro-Hungarian Army.[4] After the fall of the Habsburg Monarchy and the establishment of the First Austrian Republic, he renounced his rights to the Austrian throne in order that he could remain in Austria.[4][6] Henceforward he used the name Rainer Habsburg.[5] He lived in an apartment in the Palais Toskana,[6] but also retained properties in Zagreb,[4] and in Galicia,[5] and at Schloss Hernstein.[5] In Vienna, Rainer operated a garage.[6] He also organized a system for film reels to be transported by motorcycle from one theater to another enabling more than one theater to share the same film.[7] In May 1921 it was reported that there had been protests against Rainer at Schloss Hernstein.[5] In August 1921 he was arrested in Ljubljana (then in Yugoslavia, now in Slovenia) on a charge of forging a passport.[4] On 6 April 1922, Rainer and his father were present at the requiem mass celebrated in St. Stephen's Cathedral in Vienna for the soul of the Emperor Charles I of Austria.[8] They reportedly led a demonstration with cries of "Down with the Republic", and marched to the Austrian Parliament Building demanding that the flag be lowered to half-staff in honour of Austria's former sovereign.915 In 1930 Rainer died in the Wiedner Hospital in Vienna from the effects of blood poisoning; he was 35.[7][9] His remains were buried in the Imperial Crypt of the Capuchin Church in Vienna.[10] He was the first member of the Habsburg family to be buried in the crypt since the Emperor Franz Joseph I in 1916.[11] Among those present for the funeral were his parents, Archduke Leopold Salvator and Archduchess Blanca, his father's brother Archduke Franz Salvator of Austria with his sons Hubert and Klemens, his mother's uncle Infante Alfonso Carlos of Spain and his wife Infanta Maria das Neves of Portugal, and Dr. Ignaz Seipel (former Chancellor of Austria).[12] In 1962 Rainer's sarcophagus was moved to the Neue Gruft (New Crypt) where it lies next to the sarcophagus of his father. Ancestry{{ahnentafel|collapsed=yes |align=center |boxstyle_1=background-color: #fcc; |boxstyle_2=background-color: #fb9; |boxstyle_3=background-color: #ffc; |boxstyle_4=background-color: #bfc; |boxstyle_5=background-color: #9fe; |1= 1. Archduke Rainer of Austria, Prince of Tuscany |2= 2. Archduke Leopold Salvator, Prince of Tuscany |3= 3. Infanta Blanca of Spain |4= 4. Archduke Karl Salvator of Austria, Prince of Tuscany |5= 5. Princess Maria Immaculata of Bourbon-Two Sicilies |6= 6. Carlos, Duke of Madrid |7= 7. Princess Margherita of Bourbon-Parma |8= 8. Leopold II, Grand Duke of Tuscany |9= 9. Princess Maria Antonia of the Two Sicilies |10= 10. Ferdinand II of the Two Sicilies |11= 11. Maria Theresa of Austria |12= 12. Juan, Count of Montizón |13= 13. Archduchess Maria Beatrix of Austria-Este |14= 14. Charles III, Duke of Parma |15= 15. Princess Louise Marie Thérèse of France |16= 16. Ferdinand III, Grand Duke of Tuscany |17= 17. Princess Luisa of the Two Sicilies |18= 18. Francis I of the Two Sicilies |19= 19. Maria Isabella of Spain |20= 20. Francis I of the Two Sicilies (= 18) |21= 21. Maria Isabella of Spain (= 19) |22= 22. Archduke Charles, Duke of Teschen |23= 23. Princess Henrietta of Nassau-Weilburg |24= 24. Infante Carlos, Count of Molina |25= 25. Infanta Maria Francisca of Portugal |26= 26. Francis IV, Duke of Modena |27= 27. Maria Beatrice of Savoy |28= 28. Charles II, Duke of Parma |29= 29. Princess Maria Teresa of Savoy |30= 30. Charles Ferdinand, Duke of Berry |31= 31. Princess Caroline Ferdinande Louise of the Two Sicilies }} References
Notes{{Commons category|Archduke Rainer of Austria (1895–1930)}}1. ^McIntosh, The Unknown Habsburgs, p. 51 {{Austrian archdukes}}{{Tuscan princes}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Rainer of Austria, Archduke}}2. ^McIntosh, The Unknown Habsburgs, p. 51 3. ^Harding, Lost Waltz, p. 20 4. ^1 2 3 "Austrian Archduke Jailed", New York Times (24 August 1921): 4. 5. ^1 2 3 "Habsburgs Not Wanted", The Times (17 May 1921): 8. 6. ^1 "Vienna Knows Not Archduke Leopold", New York Times (12 January 1927):6 . 7. ^1 "Archduke Rainer of Austria Dead", New York Times (26 May 1930): 15. 8. ^"The Habsburg Funeral", The Times (7 April 1922): 11. 9. ^"Todesfall", Wiener Zeitung (27. Mai 1930): 3. 10. ^"To Be Buried as Habsburg", New York Times (29 May 1930): 31. 11. ^1 "Austrian Archduke Buried", New York Times (3 June 1930): 35. 12. ^"Das Begräbnis des ehemaligen Erzherzogs Rainer Karl Salvator", Wiener Zeitung (3. Juni 1930): 7. 5 : House of Habsburg-Lorraine|1895 births|1930 deaths|People from Zagreb|Austrian princes |
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