“Ozark Trail (hiking trail)”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

The Ozark Trail is a hiking, backpacking, and, in many places, biking and equestrian trail under construction in the Missouri Ozarks in the United States. It is intended to reach from St. Louis to Arkansas. Over {{convert|350|mi|km|0}} of the trail have been completed as of 2008, and the estimated length when finished will be at least {{convert|500|mi|km|0}}. When joined to the Ozark Highlands Trail in Arkansas, the full hiking distance from end to end will be at least {{convert|700|mi|km|0}}, not including a large loop through the St. Francois Mountains in Missouri.

Description

The trail is currently composed of thirteen sections, most of which are joined to other sections, though some gaps exist. The sections vary in length from {{convert|8|to|40|mi|km|0}}. The longest continuous stretch available for hiking in {{As of|2008|lc=on}} is {{convert|225|mi|km|0}}, from Onondaga Cave State Park to the Eleven Point River. The exact routes for incomplete sections have not been established, so the total length of the trail when completed remains undetermined.

Some sections have restrictions on their use in order to be compatible with the goals and purposes of the various public and private landholders whose property the trail crosses. Horseback riding, mountain biking, or trail side camping may be restricted in certain environmentally sensitive areas.

Development

The Ozark Trail had its beginnings in the 1970s when a group of public land managers, land owners, and trail users met to discuss the concept of a long-distance hiking trail. A comprehensive state outdoor recreation plan prepared by the state of Missouri in 1975 showed a need for an addition of {{convert|500|to|900|mi|km|0}} of hiking trails. It was determined that a trail spanning the Ozarks from suburban St. Louis southwest to Arkansas could be routed over mostly existing public lands with a minimum amount of right-of-way needing to be obtained from private landowners. A first meeting in 1976 at Meramec State Park lead to the first draft of the trails proposal in February 1977 and in 1981 the first sections of the trail were under construction.

The general route of the Ozark Trail is determined by the Ozark Trail Council, which was formed by seven governmental agencies including the National Forest Service, the Missouri State Parks Department, the Missouri Conservation Commission, et al., plus several environmental groups and a private landowner with significant holdings. The land manager for each parcel held by these constituents is responsible for the trail within its holdings.

This unique decentralized arrangement is conducive to work progressing on many fronts at once and is partly responsible for the rapid initial progress in building the trail — 170 (275 km) miles within the first decade and over {{convert|200|mi|km|0}} by 1991. In 2008, the mileage stands at over {{convert|350|mi|km|0}}. As the route over contiguous public lands is completed further progress will likely be slowed by the arduous process of acquiring private land and easements.

Volunteers formed the Ozark Trail Association in 2002 to work with the Ozark Trail Council to develop and maintain the Ozark Trail. The Ozark Trail was designated a National Recreation Trail in 2008^[1]

Damage

Taum Sauk reservoir failure

The upper reservoir of the Taum Sauk pumped storage plant failed in December 2005, causing a flood that devastated Johnson's Shut-ins State Park and destroyed a part of the Taum Sauk section of the Ozark Trail at the shut-ins. The Ozark Trail Association and the Missouri Department of Natural Resources mapped out a new route to replace the damaged section, which was completed in mid-2009.^[2]^[3]

May 2009 storms

An unusually strong May 2009 windstorm devastated 44 miles of the trail within the Mark Twain National Forest, and all or parts of several sections of the Ozark Trail were closed because of downed trees. Within months several sections were repaired and reopened through the work of both volunteer and paid forest service crews.^[4]

See also

Notes

1. ^National Recreation Trails Database Ozark Trail. American Trails. 2008-12-18. Retrieved 2009-09-13.
2. ^{{cite web| url=http://www.ozarktrail.com/newsletters/latefall08.pdf| date = Autumn 2008| title = Winter and Spring schedule for Taum Sauk| work = The Trail Builder| publisher = The Ozark Trail Association| page = 5}}
3. ^¹{{cite web| url= http://www.ozarktrail.com/conditions.php| date=2013-04-01| accessdate = 2013-05-13| title = Trail Conditions| publisher = Ozark Trail Association}}
4. ^{{cite web | url = http://www.ozarktrail.com/newsletters/fall09.pdf | date = Fall 2009 | title = Storm clean-up on the trail | work = The Trail Builder | publisher = The Ozark Trail Association | page = 3}}
5. ^{{cite web | url = http://www.fs.fed.us/r9/forests/marktwain/conditions/ | title = Mark Twain National Forest Current Conditions | publisher= National Forest Service | accessdate = 2009-09-13}}

External links