“Aref Rayess”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Aref El Rayess (or Aref Rayess) (1928 in Aley, Lebanon – 2005) was a Lebanese painter. Born in Aley (1928), Mount Lebanon, Aref El Rayess started his career as a self-taught artist exhibiting for the first time in 1948. He lived in Africa for many years during which he traveled between Senegal and Paris. In Paris, he joined the studios of Fernand Léger, André Lhote, Marcelle Marso and Ossip Zadkine while studying at the Académie de la Grande Chaumière. In 1957, he returned to Lebanon, but left again for Florence in 1959 with a scholarship from the Italian government. From 1960 to 1963, he lived in Rome where he went on studying and exhibiting. In 1963, he returned to Lebanon.

Rayess participated in many group shows including the biennales of São Paulo (1960) and Bagdad (1974); the Unesco exhibition in Montreal (1978); the Mall Galleries, London (1986) and the Salons of the Sursock Museum, Beirut (1961, 1962, 1963, 1965, 1966, 1968). He has held more than fifteen one-man shows in Lebanon.

Internationally, his Individual exhibitions include: the Poliani Gallery, Rome (1959); Numero Gallery, Florence (1959); D'Arcy Gallery, New York; Excelsior Gallery, Mexico (1964); the Rodin Museum, Paris (1966); a retrospective of his works, 1957-1968, at the National Museum of Damascus (1969); Ornina Gallery, Damascus (1974), Gallery Rasim, Algeria (1976) and in Venezuela.

He was commissioned by the Lebanese government to design and execute a tapestry presented to the Unesco centre in Paris. The Lebanese government also requested him to create two sculptures to represent Lebanon at the World Fair in New York.

Aref El Rayess won several awards in Lebanon. These include: the Lebanese Ministry of National Education Award for the 1955 spring exhibition, the Unesco Prize for the Spring Salon of 1957, the Ministry of Public Works First and Second Prize for Sculpture (1963), the Sursock Museum Grand Prix de Sculpture (1965–66) for different works exhibited and their First Prize for Sculpture (1966–67) as well as the Ministry of Tourism First and Second Prizes (1966).

President of the Lebanese association of painters and sculptors, Rayess taught for many years at the Lebanese University and the American Lebanese University. Since the start of the war in Lebanon, he has been living in Saudi Arabia and was appointed as the city of Jeddah's Art Consultant for many years. He has been commissioned by the Saudi Arabian government to produce several sculptures. One of the most outstanding is that of the stylized name of Allah. Designed by him and built in Italy from Aluminum, it stands twenty seven meters high in Palestine Square in Jeddah. Among the artist's recent works is a series of oil paintings capturing the nature and feeling of the Arabian desert.

Work

Aref El Rayess was a prolific artist, mainly known as a painter, he also practiced etching, sculpture and tapestry. One of his tapestries, The Signs of Cadmus, is part of the collection of the Unesco Palace in Paris.^[2]

His work is widely based on the human being and its relationship to nature and history, stating that "Man is a unity that embodies both the means and the goals...".^[3]

In the 1960s his painting evolved around Man and the Third World and in the early 1970s, he unexpectedly presented an exhibition related to whorehouses off Martyrs' Square, Beirut.^[4]

With the outbreak of the Lebanese Civil War, Rayess was one of the artists who interpreted the tragic events in art. Staying in Algiers, he produced in 1976 a series of etchings entitled The Road to Peace. This work gave its name to an exhibition Saleh Barakat curated in 2009 at the Beirut Art Center, encompassing Lebanese visual arts between 1975 and 1991.^[5] Apart from the etching series, oil paintings depicting the horror of war were featured in the exhibition.^[6] In these troubled times, Rayess showed political involvement in creating a poster commemorating the assassination of the Druze leader Kamal Jumblatt.^[7]

Aref El Rayess also developed a practice of abstract sculpture. He was commissioned monumental works for the city of Jeddah,^[8] including a piece named "Swords of God (Soyuf Allah)".^[9]

Auctions

Paintings by Rayess are relatively few in the auction market. In October 2007, Labyrinths of the Millenium was proposed at $30,000 - $35,000 and hammered at $37,000.^[10] One year later, H. T. M. (Human, Time and Machine) was offered for $60,000 - $80,000 and was sold at $62,500.^[11]

Publications

Most of the book can be found with his daughter Hala Aref El Rayess, and a few at "RectoVerso" a library dedicated to Art’s in Lebanon.

2012 - http://www.beirutexhibitioncenter.com/exhibitions/art-lebanon {{ISBN|978-9953-0-2420-2}}

2004 - "Al Layl Al Tṭawīl Wa’al Kalimah" (The Long Night and The Word) OCLC Number: 64576609

2003 - "Al Ayyām Al Ramādīyah: Alwān, Aḥruf, Suwar" (The Gray Days: Colors, Letters, Pictures) Riad El Rayess Books - {{ISBN|9953211426}} {{ISBN|9789953211428}}

2001 - A Dedication to his daughter "Hodourak Fi Ghiyab Al Thol" (Your presence in the absence of the shadow) Publishing house and ISBN not available.

2000 - "Matahat Jamila" (Beautiful Maze) Nawfal Publishing - ISBN not available.

1999 - A Selection of Interviews "Rehlah Dakhel al-Zat" (A journey within my self) Dar AlJadeed Publishing - ISBN not available.

1982 - One Hundred Years of Plastic Arts in Lebanon 1880-1980 Imprimerie Catholique sal, Araya, Lebanon - ISBN not available.

1976 - "Tarik al Salam" (The Road to Peace) Illustration of the 1975 War in Lebanon OCLC Number: 41596994

1972 - A Manifesto by Rayess "Maa’ Man, Wa Dud Man" (With Who, and Against Whom) Publishing house and ISBN not available due to its contents.

Selected exhibitions

Solo exhibitions

Group exhibitions

Collective exhibitions

Private collections

Awards

References

1. ^{{cite web |url=http://mokbelartcollection.com/arartist.htm |title=Aref Rayess (1928-2005) |author= |work= |publisher=The Mokbel Art Collection |accessdate=18 February 2012 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150325001410/http://www.mokbelartcollection.com/arartist.htm |archivedate=25 March 2015 |df=dmy }}
2. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.unesco.org/artcollection/NavigationAction.do?idOeuvre=2687 |title=El-RAYESS, Aref (1928 - 2005):THE SIGNS OF CADMUS, 1958:THE UNESCO WORKS OF ART COLLECTION |author= |work= |publisher=Unesco |accessdate=18 February 2012}}
3. ^{{cite web |url=http://onefineart.com/en/artists/aref_rayess/ |title=Aref El Rayess |author= |work= |publisher=One Fine Art |accessdate=18 February 2012}}
4. ^{{cite web |url=http://ddc.aub.edu.lb/projects/jafet/artposters/html/img46.html |title="Aref Rayess à la Galerie Contact, à partir du 28 février 1973: "Les Ouvrières du corps" dont l'exposition "Les fleurs de la rue Al-Moutanabbi = The flowers of rue Mutanabi". |author= |work= |publisher=American University of Beirut |accessdate=18 February 2012}}
5. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.beirutartcenter.org/exhibitions.php?exhibid=34&statusid=3 |title=The Road to Peace |author= |year=2009 |work= |publisher=Beirut Art Center |accessdate=18 February 2012}}
6. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.agialart.com/bc_aref.htm |title=The Road to Peace |author= |year=2009 |work= |publisher=Agial Art Gallery |accessdate=18 February 2012 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100429100258/http://www.agialart.com/bc_aref.htm |archivedate=29 April 2010 }}
7. ^{{cite book |last1=Maasri |first1=Zeina |authorlink1= |last2= |first2= |authorlink2= |others=Fawaz Traboulsi (foreword) |editor1-first= |editor1-last= |editor1-link= |title=Off the Wall |trans-title=Political Posters of the Lebanese Civil War |url=http://jft-newspaper.aub.edu.lb/reserve/data/grds325-zm-4/4-2-Maasri-ch1-Agents-aesthetic.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140202105122/http://jft-newspaper.aub.edu.lb/reserve/data/grds325-zm-4/4-2-Maasri-ch1-Agents-aesthetic.pdf |dead-url=yes |archive-date=2 February 2014 |format= |accessdate= |edition= |series= |volume= |date=3 February 2009 |origyear= |publisher=I. B. Tauris |location= |language= |isbn=1-84511-951-7 |oclc= |doi= |id= |page=42 |pages= |at= |trans-chapter=|chapter= |chapterurl= |quote= |ref= |bibcode= |laysummary= |laydate= |postscript= |lastauthoramp=}}
8. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.uap.com.au/blog/jeddah-streetscape-regeneration/ |title=Jeddah Streetscape Regeneration |author= |date=14 July 2010 |work= |publisher=Urban Art Projects |accessdate=18 February 2012 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120325234328/http://uap.com.au/blog/jeddah-streetscape-regeneration/ |archivedate=25 March 2012 }}
9. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.saudiaramcoworld.com/issue/198402/tajmil.and.jiddah.htm |title=Tajmil—and Jiddah |author=Richard Hobson |date=March–April 1984 |work= |publisher=Saudi Aramco Magazine |accessdate=18 February 2012}}
10. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.christies.com/lotfinder/aref-el-rayess-labyrinths-of-the-millenium/4972476/lot/lot_details.aspx?from=searchresults&intObjectID=4972476&sid=8b4c7fa8-5efc-403c-a6be-5195c05cfe7f |title=International Modern and Contemporary Art |author= |date=31 October 2007 |work= |publisher=Christie's |accessdate=18 February 2012}}
11. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.christies.com/lotfinder/aref-el-rayess-h-t-m/5132293/lot/lot_details.aspx?from=searchresults&intObjectID=5132293&sid=8b4c7fa8-5efc-403c-a6be-5195c05cfe7f |title=International Modern and Contemporary Art |author=|date=30 October 2008 |work= |publisher=Christie's |accessdate=18 February 2012}}
12. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.espacesd.com/2002.htm |title=espace sd |last1= |first1= |last2= |first2= |work= |publisher=espace sd |accessdate=20 December 2012 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090101102207/http://www.espacesd.com/2002.htm |archivedate=1 January 2009 }}
13. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.beirutexhibitioncenter.com/exhibitions/art-lebanon |title=Art From Lebanon |last1= |first1= |last2= |first2= |work= |publisher=Beirut Exhibition Center |accessdate=20 December 2012}}