| 词条 | P-120 Malakhit |
| 释义 |
|name= P-120/P-50 Malakhit (NATO reporting name: SS-N-9 'Siren') | image= P-120 Malakhit.svg | image_size = 300 |caption= P-120 Malakhit medium range cruise missile |origin= Soviet Union |type= Anti-shipping missile |is_missile= yes |service= 1972–current |used_by= Russia |wars= |designer= Zvezda |design_date= |manufacturer= OKB-52 MAP (later NPO Mashinostroyeniye) |unit_cost= |production_date= |number= |variants= |spec_label= |weight= {{convert|3180|kg|lb|abbr=on}} |length= {{convert|8.84|m|ft|abbr=on}} |part_length= |width= |height= |diameter= {{convert|76.2|cm|in|abbr=on}} |crew= |cartridge= |caliber= |barrels= |action= |rate= |speed=Mach 0.9 |vehicle_range= Sub launched conventional warhead: 70 km nuclear warhead: 110 km Ship launched conventional warhead 120 km nuclear warhead: 150(160) km |feed= |sights= Inertial, then radar/infra-red |filling= HE-SAP or 200 kt nuclear |filling_weight= total {{convert|840|kg|lb|abbr=on}} HE 500 kg/1102 lb |yield= |wingspan= {{convert|2.1|m|ft|abbr=on}} |propellant= Turbojet, solid fuel |ceiling= |altitude= |depth= |boost= |accuracy= |launch_platform= Nanuchka and Sarancha, Charlie-II and Papa classes |transport= }} The P-120 Malakhit ({{lang-ru|П-120 «Малахит»}} 'Malachite'; NATO reporting name: SS-N-9 Siren, GRAU designation: 4K85[1]) is a Russian medium range anti-ship missile used by corvettes and submarines. Introduced in 1972, it remains in service but has been superseded by the SS-N-22 Sunburn. DevelopmentThe Echo class submarine required the submarine to spend 30 minutes or more on the surface when firing its P-5 Pyatyorka (SS-N-3A 'Shaddock') missiles. This made the submarine very vulnerable to enemy attack, so in 1963 the Soviets started work on a new missile that could be fired whilst submerged, and a submarine to carry it. These became the P-50 Malakhit and Charlie class submarine. The P-50 was replaced by the P-120 design during development. However, problems in development meant that the twelve Charlie I submarines were built with the shorter-ranged P-70 Ametist (SS-N-7 'Starbright', an evolution of the SS-N-2C 'Styx') as a stopgap before the introduction of the P-120 Malakhit on the Charlie II. The P-120 missile was later used as the basis for the SS-N-14 Silex rocket-propelled torpedo. DesignThe L band seeker and radar altimeter originally designed for the 'Siren' were first used on the 'Starbright' whilst the Soviets sorted out the P-120's troublesome engines. However the 'Siren' has space for datalink equipment, allowing mid-course guidance from the launch platform or something else. When fired from a submarine, the missile can be launched at a maximum depth of 50 meters. Operational historyThe 'Siren' entered service on corvettes of the Soviet Navy on March 17, 1972.[2] It would be installed on Nanuchka-class corvettes.[3] About 500 missiles were produced. It was not until November 1977 that it was accepted for use on submarines. The Charlie-II submarine carried eight missiles (of which two usually carried nuclear warheads) and were intended as a cheap alternative to the one-off Papa class submarine, which carried ten missiles. All have now been retired from service. It saw action in 2008 in the hands of the Russian Black Sea Fleet during the action off Abkhazia, where it was used successfully against the Georgian Navy.[4] Operators
References1. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.wonderland.org.nz/Missile_Index/ssn9.html |title=SS-N-9 Siren |publisher=Radar and Missile Analysis Group, wonderland.org.nz |accessdate=2009-01-28 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081014155911/http://www.wonderland.org.nz/Missile_Index/ssn9.html |archivedate=October 14, 2008 }} 2. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.testpilot.ru/russia/chelomei/p/120/index.htm |title=P-120 Malakhit|language=ru|accessdate=2016-07-26}} 3. ^{{cite web | url=http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/russia/ss-n-9.htm|title=P-120 Malakhit 4K-85 SSN-9 Siren |publisher=John Pike, GlobalSecurity.org| accessdate=2009-01-28}} 4. ^http://www.liveleak.com/view?i=7eb_1294943112&comments=1 External links
11 : Cold War anti-ship cruise missiles of the Soviet Union|Anti-ship cruise missiles of the Soviet Union|Nuclear cruise missiles of the Soviet Union|Cruise missiles of the Cold War|Nuclear missiles of the Cold War|Anti-ship cruise missiles of Russia|Surface-to-surface missiles|Cruise missiles of Russia|Nuclear cruise missiles of Russia|Submarine-launched cruise missiles of Russia|NPO Mashinostroyeniya products |
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