| 词条 | Arkansas HB 1228 |
| 释义 |
Arkansas HB 1228, also known as the Conscience Protection Act, the Religious Freedom Restoration Act, is a law in the state of Arkansas that aims to increase "judicial scrutiny" in cases involving religious beliefs.{{Clarify|date=October 2018}} Opponents of the law say that it will allow for lawful discrimination of LGBT people.[1][2] On March 31, 2015, the law was passed by the Arkansas Senate.[3] The next day, Governor Asa Hutchinson announced that he would not sign the bill as written, instructing the legislature to make changes to the bill's language. [4] The final version was passed and signed into law as Act 975. BackgroundPolitifact reports that "Conservatives in Indiana and elsewhere see the Religious Freedom Restoration Act as a vehicle for fighting back against the legalization of same-sex marriage."[5] In 2015, the Alabama Supreme Court ordered a halt to the issuing of same-sex marriage licenses,[6] Kansas rescinded an LGBT anti-discrimination order,[7] and Arkansas prohibited anti-discrimination codes being enacted by cities and local governments.[8]The bill was sponsored by Republican state representative Bob Ballinger[9] and Republican state Senator Bart Hester.[10] ReactionWalmart, Apple, and Acxiom have publicly criticized the law, which is similar to Indiana SB 101, a law passed in Indiana a few days earlier.[11][12] Walmart CEO Doug McMillon called on Governor Hutchinson to veto the legislation.[13]Hundreds of protesters rallied at Arkansas' Capitol to oppose the bill.[14] Similar bills in other statesA similar bill in Georgia has stalled, with constituents expressing concern to Georgia lawmakers about the financial impacts of such a bill.[15][16][17] A meeting on the bill was cancelled.[18] Supporters of the bill have stated that the bill would be "gutted" by the inclusion of anti-discrimination clause.[19] The convention industry in Georgia has stated that a $15 million business could be at risk of boycotts.[15] After the Burwell v. Hobby Lobby Stores, Inc. decision, the definition of religious beliefs has expanded from the beliefs of individual employees to the practices of closely held for-profit corporations.[20] Georgia State Rep. Stacey Evans, R-Smryna, proposed an amendment to change references of "persons" to "individuals," which would have eliminated corporations from the protection of the bill. State Rep. Barry Fleming, R-Harlem, noted that such a move would negate the "closely held corporation" protection granted last year by the U.S. Supreme Court in the Hobby Lobby case. The amendment was rejected.[15] Texas SJR 10 and HJR 55 plan to introduce a similar bill that changes the language from "substantially burden" to "burden".[21] The Texas Business Association voted to oppose the bills.[22] Molly White introduced a bill that would expressly grant private businesses the right to “refuse to provide goods or services to any person based on a sincerely held religious belief or on conscientious grounds.” A similar bill in North Carolina has stalled, with commentators predicting a backlash similar to Indiana's.[23][24] References1. ^{{cite web | url=http://ualrpublicradio.org/post/constitutional-law-expert-john-dipippa-explains-hb1228 | title=Constitutional Law Expert John DiPippa Explains HB1228 | work=KUAR | date=March 31, 2015 | accessdate=April 1, 2015 | author=Whites-Koditschek, Sarah}} 2. ^{{cite web|url=http://jurist.org/paperchase/2015/04/arkansas-house-approves-religious-freedom-bill.php|title=Arkansas House approves 'religious freedom' bill|work=Jurist paperchase|date=1 Apr 2015}} 3. ^{{cite web | url=http://www.katv.com/story/28644265/emergency-meeting-calling-governor-asa-hutchinson-to-veto-hb-1228 | title=Emergency meeting calling Gov. Hutchinson to veto HB 1228 | work=KATV | date=March 29, 2015 | accessdate=April 1, 2015}} 4. ^{{cite web | url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2015/04/01/religious-freedom_n_6985090.html | title=Arkansas Governor Says He Won't Sign 'Religious Freedom' Bill Until Changes Are Made | work=Huffington Post | date=April 1, 2015 | accessdate=April 1, 2015 | author=Liebelson, Dana}} 5. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.politifact.com/truth-o-meter/statements/2015/mar/29/mike-pence/did-barack-obama-vote-religious-freedom-restoratio/|title=Did Barack Obama vote for Religious Freedom Restoration Act with 'very same' wording as Indiana's?|work=Politifact|date=March 29, 2015}} 6. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/2015/03/04/us-usa-gaymarriage-alabama-idUSKBN0M003220150304|title=Alabama high court orders halt to same-sex marriage licenses|publisher=Reuters|date=March 4, 2015}} 7. ^{{cite web|url=http://jurist.org/paperchase/2015/02/kansas-governor-rescinds-executive-order-protecting-lgbt-employees.php|title=Kansas governor rescinds executive order protecting LGBT employees|work=Jurist Paper Chase|date=February 11, 2015}} 8. ^{{cite web|url=http://jurist.org/paperchase/2015/02/arkansas-bill-prohibiting-local-anti-discrimination-ordinances-becomes-law.php|title=Arkansas bill prohibiting local anti-discrimination ordinances becomes law|work=Jurist Paper Chase|date=February 24, 2015}} 9. ^{{cite web | url=http://nymag.com/daily/intelligencer/2015/04/why-arkansas-lawmakers-claim-they-need-rfra.html | title=Why Arkansas Lawmakers Claim They Need a Religious Freedom Law | work=New York | date=April 1, 2015 | accessdate=April 1, 2015 | author=Hartmann, Margaret}} 10. ^{{cite web | url=http://www.arkleg.state.ar.us/assembly/2015/2015R/pages/MemberProfile.aspx?member=Hester | title=Senator Bart Hester (R) | publisher=Arkansas State Legislature | accessdate=April 1, 2015}} 11. ^{{cite web | url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2015/03/31/arkansas-religious-freedom_n_6979166.html | title=Arkansas Legislature Copies Indiana, Passes Controversial Religious Freedom Bill | work=Huffington Post | date=March 31, 2015 | accessdate=April 1, 2015 | author1=Liebelson, Dana | author2=Bendery, Jennifer}} 12. ^{{cite web | url=http://www.cbsnews.com/news/companies-attack-arkansas-religious-freedom-bill/ | title=Companies attack Arkansas religious freedom bill | work=CBS Money Watch | date=March 31, 2015 | accessdate=April 1, 2015 | author=Berr, Jonathan}} 13. ^{{cite web | url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2015/03/31/walmart-arkansas_n_6981348.html | title=Walmart Asks Arkansas Governor To Veto Religion Freedom Bill | publisher=Reuters | work=Huffington Post | date=March 31, 2015 | accessdate=April 1, 2015}} 14. ^{{cite web|url=http://bigstory.ap.org/article/f18271e04eda43b6a3017d1844268aae/fight-over-religious-objection-proposals-shifts-arkansas|title=Fight over religious objection proposals shifts to Arkansas|date=March 31, 2015}} 15. ^1 2 {{cite web|url=http://politics.blog.ajc.com/2015/03/26/religious-liberty-bill-takes-a-sharp-rightward-turn-convention-industry-says-15-million-in-business-could-be-lost/|title=‘Religious liberty’ bill takes a sharp rightward turn, convention industry says $15 million in business at risk|work=Atlanta Journal Constitution (blog)|date=March 26, 2015}} 16. ^{{cite web|title=Georgia House Committee Tables 'Religious Liberty' Bill|url=http://wabe.org/post/georgia-house-committee-tables-religious-liberty-bill|date=March 26, 2015|publisher=90.1 FM WABE}} 17. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.rawstory.com/rs/2015/03/lgbt-rights-amendment-proves-to-be-poison-pill-for-georgias-religious-freedom-bill/|title=LGBT rights amendment proves to be ‘poison pill’ for Georgia’s ‘religious freedom’ bill|work=Raw Story|date=March 27, 2015}} 18. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.ajc.com/news/news/state-regional-govt-politics/meeting-on-religious-liberty-bills-fate-cancelled/nkhWp/|title=Meeting on ‘religious liberty’ bill’s fate canceled|work=Atlanta Journal Constitution|date=March 29, 2015}} 19. ^{{cite web|url=http://politics.blog.ajc.com/2015/03/27/religious-liberty-effort-is-only-mostly-dead-keep-your-eye-on-hb-59/|title=‘Religious liberty’ effort is only mostly dead. Keep your eye on HB 59|work=Atlanta Journal Constitution (blog)|date=March 27, 2015}} 20. ^{{cite web|url=http://money.cnn.com/2015/03/27/news/companies/businesses-fight-indiana-gay-discrimination/|title=Apple's Tim Cook 'deeply disappointed' in Indiana's anti-gay law|work=CNN Money|date=March 27, 2015}} 21. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2015/03/29/the-texas-sized-anti-gay-backlash.html|title=The Texas-Sized Anti-Gay Backlash|work=The Daily Beast|date=March 29, 2015}} 22. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.houstonchronicle.com/politics/texas-take/article/Texas-religious-freedom-measures-face-uncertain-6168168.php|title=Texas 'religious freedom' measures face uncertain future|author=Bobby Cervantes|date=March 30, 2015|work=Houston Chronicle}} 23. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/2015/03/31/us-usa-religion-indiana-idUSKBN0MQ1UQ20150331|title=Indiana to clarify 'religious freedom' law, Georgia, N.C. bills stall|date=March 30, 2015|publisher=Reuters}} 24. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.wral.com/nc-religious-freedom-legislation-courts-indiana-type-controversy/14549762/|publisher=WRAL|title=NC 'religious freedom' legislation courts Indiana-type controversy|date=March 30, 2015}} External links
7 : LGBT rights in Arkansas|Legal history of Arkansas|2015 in American law|2015 in Arkansas|2015 in LGBT history|2015 in religion|Religion in Arkansas |
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