| 词条 | Armenian eternity sign | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
The Armenian eternity sign ({{lang-hy|հավերժության նշան}}, haverzhut’yan nshan) or Arevakhach ({{lang|hy|Արևախաչ}}, "Sun Cross") is an ancient Armenian national symbol and a symbol of the national identity of the Armenian people.[1] It is one of the most common symbols in Armenian architecture,[2][3] carved on khachkars and on walls of churches. Evolution and useIn medieval Armenian culture, the eternity sign symbolized the concept of everlasting, celestial life.[4] Since the 5th century, it appeared on Armenian steles, later it becomes part of khachkar symbolism.[5] Around the 8th century the use of the Armenian symbol of eternity had become a long established national iconographical practice,[6] and it keeps its meaning until the modern times.[7] Besides being one of the main components of khachkars,[8] it can be found on church walls,[9][10][11] tomb stones and other architectural monuments.[12][13][14][15][16] Notable churches with the eternity sign include the Mashtots Hayrapet Church of Garni,[17] Horomayr Monastery,[18] Nor Varagavank,[19] Tsitsernavank Monastery.[20] An identical symbol appears in the reliefs of the Divriği Great Mosque and Hospital[21], and is likely a borrowing from earlier Armenian churches of the area. It can also be found on Armenian manuscripts. The eternity sign is used on the logos of government agencies and on commemorative coins,[22] as well as Armenian government agencies and non-government organizations and institutions in Armenia and the Armenian diaspora.[23] The symbol is also used by Armenian neopagan organizations and their followers. It is called by them "Arevakhach" ({{lang|hy|Արևախաչ}}, "sun cross").[24] ArmSCII and UNICODEIn ArmSCII, Armenian Standard Code for Information Interchange, an Armenian eternity sign has been encoded in 7-bit and 8-bit standard and ad-hoc encodings since at least 1987. In 2010 the Armenian National Institute of Standards suggested encoding an Armenian Eternity sign in the Unicode character set,[25] and both right-facing and left-facing Armenian eternity signs were included in Unicode version 7.0 when it was released in June 2014.[26] {{multiple image| align = center | direction = horizontal | header_align = center | header = Font glyphs | image1 = Armenian Eternity Sign Regular.png | width1 = 70 | alt1 = | caption1 = | image2 = Armenian Eternity Sign Italic.png | width2 = 70 | alt2 = | caption2 = | image3 = Armenian Eternity Sign Bold.png | width3 = 70 | alt3 = | caption3 = | image4 = Armenian Eternity Sign Bold Italic.png | width4 = 70 | alt4 = | caption4 = | image5 = Armenian Eternity Sign Set.png | width5 = 286 | alt5 = | caption5 = }} Gallery
See also
References1. ^Armenian Eternity Sign {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131203005550/http://www.sarm.am/js/editor_innova/assets/Armenian_Eternity_Sign1.pdf |date=December 3, 2013 }}, IT Development Support Council of the Government Prime Minister of the Republic of Armenia {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131203030655/http://www.ada.am/arm/secretariats/itdsc/ |date=December 3, 2013 }}, Workgroup of Language & Culture, 2010 {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131203025738/http://www.ada.am/eng/secretariats/itdsc/workgroups/ |date=December 3, 2013 }}. From page Prehistory of the Armenian Dram and Armenian eternity signs of National institute of Standards of Republic of Armenia. 2. ^Jacob G. Ghazarian (2006), [https://books.google.com/books?id=cKHYAAAAMAAJ&q=%22Armenian+symbol+of+eternity%22&redir_esc=y The Mediterranean legacy in early Celtic Christianity: a journey from Armenia to Ireland], Bennett & Bloom, pp. 263, p. 171 "... Quite a different version of the Celtic triskelion, and perhaps the most common pre-Christian symbolism found throughout Armenian cultural tradition, is the round clockwise (occasionally counter-clockwise) whirling sun-like spiral fixed at a centre—the Armenian symbol of eternity." 3. ^K. B. Mehr, M. Markow, Mormon Missionaries enter Eastern Europe, Brigham Young University Press, 2002, pp. 399, p. 252 "... She viewed a tall building with spires and circular windows along the top of the walls. It was engraved with sun stones, a typical symbol of eternity in ancient Armenian architecture." 4. ^{{cite book|last=Bauer-Manndorff|first=Elisabeth|title=Armenia: Past and Present|year=1981|publisher=Reich Verlag|page=89|quote=The circle, as a line returning upon itself, represented perfection. Having neither beginning, nor end, it was the symbol of eternity. The architects expressed the concept of everlasting, celestial life in the knowledge of the presence and effect of the divine power by sphere.}} 5. ^N. Sahakyan/ Armenian Highland: / RAU Press. 2006, page 150(349) 6. ^Jacob G. Ghazarian (2006), The Mediterranean legacy in early Celtic Christianity: a journey from Armenia to Ireland, Bennett & Bloom, pp. 263, p. 186 "The eighth, or ninth, century date of this two examples of Irish stone crosses places them chronologically well after the carving of stone crosses in Armenia and the use of the Armenian symbol of eternity had become a long established national iconographical practice." 7. ^{{cite journal|last=Zarian|first=A. K.|title=Խաչքարերի խորհրդանշաններին և միթրայականությանը վերաբերող պատկերագրական հարցեր [Iconographical Problems Concerning Symbols of Khatchkars and Cult of Mithra]|journal=Patma-Banasirakan Handes|year=1989|issue=1|pages=202–219|url=http://hpj.asj-oa.am/5140/|publisher=Armenian National Academy of Sciences|location=Yerevan|issn=0135-0536|language=hy}} 8. ^The government of Armenia, [https://www.e-gov.am/u_files/file/decrees/kar/2010/03/10_0310.pdf The list of non-material cultural heritage of Armenia], 2010, p. 15 9. ^R. Kartashyan, «Architectural complex of Khoranashat», The journal of social sciences №4, Yerevan, 1986, pp. 42–52 10. ^Hayden Herrera (2005), Arshile Gorky: His Life and Work, Macmillan, pp. 784 11. ^Károly Gink, Károly Gombos, Armenia: landscape and architecture, Corvina Press, 1974 12. ^Nicolas Holding (2011), Armenia, Bradt Travel Guides, pp 312, p. 130, 148 13. ^G. Sargsyan, U. Melkonyan, Litographical sketches – 2, Historico-phylological journal of Armenian Academy of sciences, № 3, 2012, p. 101 14. ^R. L. Khachatryan, Russian academy of Art, Rudolg Khachatryan: high-dimensional objects, Galart, 2002, p. 13 15. ^Armenia Today, vol. 5–6, Yerevan, 1982, p. 4 16. ^G. Karakhanyan, «Medieval domesstic reliefs of Armenia», The journal of social sciences, №8, Yerevan, 1975, pp. 31–47 17. ^see image of the dome 18. ^{{cite journal|last=Manoucharian|first=A. A.|title=The Upper Complex of the Horomayr Monument|journal=Patma-Banasirakan Handes|year=1979|page=268|publisher=Armenian National Academy of Sciences|url=http://hpj.asj-oa.am/3204/|issue=4|location=Yerevan|language=Armenian|quote=Երկու զարդեր են քանդակված կամարների ներսի կողմի վերնամասում։ Մեկը պատկերում Է հավերժության նշան, կազմված գնդաձև ուռուցիկ մակերեսին սփռված ելունդավոր գծերով։}} 19. ^{{cite journal|last=Kartashian|first=Hrach|title=The architectural ensemble of Nor Varagavank|journal=Patma-Banasirakan Handes|issue=7|page=65|url=http://lraber.asj-oa.am/5168/|publisher=Armenian National Academy of Sciences|location=Yerevan|language=Armenian|issn=0320-8117|quote=Պսակ-գոտու անմիջապես վերևով անցնում է եզան և կտցահարող թռչունների, նռնենու տեսքով կենաց ծառի, զամբյուղների, վարդյակի և հավերժության նշանի պատկերներով քանդակաշարք, որն ունի գաղափարական որոշակի իմաստ:}} 20. ^Asratyan M., Tsitsernavank, Historico-phylological journal of Armenian Academy of sciences, № 2, 1980, p. 50 21. ^The Great Mosque and Hospital of Divriği, Genel Bilgi photo gallery 22. ^*{{cite web|title=Մամլո հաղորդագրություն – "Շուշիի ազատագրման 20-ամյակ" (ոսկի) [News release – A golden coin dedicated o the 20th anniversary of the Liberation of Shushi]|url=https://www.cba.am/AM/pmessagesannouncements/6%20new%20com.%20coins%2024.01.2012.pdf|publisher=Central Bank of Armenia|accessdate=4 October 2013|date=24 January 2012}} see the image of the coin*{{cite web|title=Հայաստանի Հանրապետության Կառավարության 2002 Թվականի Հունվարի 7-ի N 6 Որոշման Մեջ Փոփոխություններ Կատարելու Մասին|url=http://www.arlis.am/DocumentView.aspx?DocID=82810|publisher=Armenian Legal Information System|accessdate=4 October 2013|date=18 April 2012}}, see the logo of the Customs Service of the Republic of Armenia*The Council of the city Yerevan, the seal of Yerevan, 2010, see the logo of Yerevan*Ministry of Justice of RA, about the medals and decorations, 2007*The government of Armenia, symbol of the cooperation «Armenia-Diaspora», 2012*Ministry of Emergency Situations, about the medals and decorations, 2011, see the symbol of the cooperation «Armenia-Diaspora»*Central Bank of Armenia, coin «15-years of liberation of Shushi», 2007, see the image of the coin 23. ^National Council of Western Armenia, the flag of Western Armenia, 2011 24. ^{{cite web|script-title=hy:Հայկական արիական հիմնական նշանների (սիմվոլների) խորհուրդը եւ չափային շղթաները|url=http://www.hayary.org/wph/?p=2889|publisher=Armenian Aryan Union|accessdate=4 October 2013|language=hy}} 25. ^{{cite web|title=Armenian Eternity Sign|url=https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2010/10372-n3921.pdf|publisher=Unicode|pages=10–12|year=2010}} 26. ^{{cite web|title=Unicode: Armenian|url=https://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/Unicode-7.0/U70-0530.pdf|accessdate=2014-06-27}} External links
4 : Armenian mythology|ArmSCII|National symbols of Armenia|Time in Armenia |
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