| 词条 | Armenian Philanthropic Society of Baku |
| 释义 |
| name = Armenian Philanthropic Society | native_name = Հայոց Մարտասիրական Ընկերութիւն | native_name_lang = | former_names = | alternate_names = | status = Presidential Library of Azerbaijan | image = Eglise_armenienne_bacou.jpg | image_alt = | image_size = | caption = The Armenian Philanthropic Society in the center of the photograph | map_type = | map_alt = | map_caption = | building_type = | architectural_style = | structural_system = | cost = | ren_cost = | client = | owner = | current_tenants = | landlord = | location = Baku, Azerbaijan | address = 38 Nizami street | location_town = Baku, Azerbaijan | location_country = | coordinates = {{coord|40.371732|49.836838|display=inline}} | groundbreaking_date = | start_date = | completion_date = 1864 | opened_date = | inauguration_date = | renovation_date = | height = | architectural = | tip = | roof = | top_floor = | observatory = | other_dimensions = | floor_count = | floor_area = | architect = | structural_engineer = | services_engineer = | civil_engineer = | other_designers = | quantity_surveyor = | main_contractor = | awards = | designations = | url = | embedded = | references = | highest_region = | highest_reflabel = | highest_prev = | highest_start = | highest_end = | highest_next = }} The Armenian Philanthropic Society of Baku or the Mardasirakan was a philanthropic organization built and operated by the Armenian community of Baku. It was established in 1863–1864 and became the first philanthropic organization in the Caucasus.[1][2][3][4][5] In 1870 the Armenian Philanthropic Society established the first library and publication house in Baku.[2][6] The library was the largest in the Caucasus.[7] HistoryThe Armenian Philanthropic Society of Baku was founded by Dr. David Rostomyan and Movses Zohrabiants.[8][9] The structure would be built on 195 Gimnazicheskaya Street (now Leo Tolstoy Street).[10] Rostomyan, who wrote the constitution of the Armenian Philanthropic Society, presented a petition to the local government of Baku to have the Society be built.[1][9] Once the petition was accepted, the resources for the construction of the Society were provided by donations from wealthy Armenians in Baku and through admission and membership fees.[9][10] The general purpose of the Society was to aid the poor, promote and construct libraries and schools, raise funds for scholarships, publish books and improve the general welfare of the community.[1][10][11] By 1895, the organization eventually subsidized nineteen schools which contained 1,440 students.[11] By 1896, the Society had funded 110,000 rubles worth of projects towards education.[11] The Society also operated a nursery of forty children, a girls school, an orphanage for 20-30 orphans, a gymnasium, a library, a publication house and educational facilities.[10][12][13] By 1899 the Society had 500 members.[4] Many members of the management included prominent Armenian figures such as politician Mikayel Babajanian.[14] The Society also made significant donations to the funding of schools and education of the Armenians in the Ottoman Empire.[15][16] During World War I and the September Days the Armenian Philanthropic Society assisted many wounded Armenians.[4] After the September Days however, the Society suspended its activity.[4] After the establishment of the Soviet Union in Baku in 1920, the Armenian Philanthropic Society officially ceased operations.[4][10] LibraryThe Armenian Philanthropic Society had opened a library in 1870 which became the first of its kind in Baku. The library, which contained books in numerous languages, was used by all nationalities.[7] In order to read the books, there was a monthly membership charge of 30 kopecks.[10] The library reportedly had 9,000 books.[11] By 1914, the number of books had risen to 21,800 with 68 periodicals.[17] Many of the librarians would eventually become prominent Armenian intellectuals and writers. Chief among them was playwright Aleksandr Movsisian or more commonly known as Shirvanzade, who was the librarian between 1881 and 1883.[18][19] Owing to the strict censorship of the Russian Czarist government, the activities of the library were suspended.[7] After the construction of the St. Gregory the Illuminator's Church of Baku, the library eventually moved onto its premises in 1913 where it resumed operations.[10] After the Armenian Philanthropic Society ceased operations, the library was shut down. It was reopened as the Lenin Public Library during the Soviet Union.[10] After the dissolution of the Soviet Union, the library became known as the Central City Library.[20] In 2003 the Central City Library became the Presidential Library of Azerbaijan and continues to serve Baku residents till this day.[20] LegacyProminent Azerbaijani writer and publicist Hasan bey Zardabi admired the efforts of the Armenian community. Zardabi expressed discontent over the failures of the Muslim population in Baku to construct their own philanthropic organization in 1871. In 1905 issue of the Hayat newspaper, Zardabi recalled his failed attempts to open a philanthropic organization and exclaimed, "Brothers, compare us with our Armenian neighbors!"[8][9] The library was considered the richest in Transcaucasia by the Union of Soviet Writers.[21] References1. ^1 2 {{cite journal|last=Wilson|first=Samuel Graham|title=Armenian Church and the Russian Government|journal=The North American Review|year=1905|volume=180|page=94|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sF0CAAAAIAAJ&dq|accessdate=13 March 2013|publisher=University of Northern Iowa}} 2. ^1 Вестник общественных наук, Issues 1-6, Armenian Academy of Sciences Publishing, Yerevan, 1990, p. ii 3. ^{{cite web|title=Letters PA Stolypin EY Nolde: Letter to Baron E.Yu.Noldel. (May 21, 1906)|url=http://www.hrono.ru/libris/stolypin/stpn_nolde.html|publisher=KM.ru|accessdate=13 March 2013}} 4. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite web|title=Karabagh: figures, facts, events and places.|url=http://www.karabagh.am/eng/Glossari/31glossa2B.htm|publisher=Karabagh.am|accessdate=13 March 2013}} 5. ^{{cite journal|title=Мір Божій|journal=Мір Божій|year=1905|volume=14|page=240|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qVc4AQAAIAAJ&dq|accessdate=13 March 2013|publisher=Тип. И.Н. Скороходова|language=Russian}} 6. ^{{cite web|title=First in Baku|url=http://www.baku.am/First-in-Baku|publisher=Baku.am|accessdate=13 March 2013|quote=The library: the library of Armenian Philanthropic Society (1870)}} 7. ^1 2 {{cite journal|title=Religious Persecution in Russia|journal=The Pacific|date=January 1903|volume=53|issue=1|page=67|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=X4RPAAAAYAAJ&dq|accessdate=13 March 2013|publisher=J.W. Douglas|quote=It has even closed some of the public libraries, including that of the Armenian Philanthropic Society at Baku, the largest library in the Caucasus, which was used by all nationalities and had been a great benefit to the city.}} 8. ^1 Армянскій вѣстник, Issues 1-2, Gumanitariy Publishing, 1999, p. 53 9. ^1 2 3 Äkinjý and Azerbaijani Self-Definition {{webarchive |url=https://www.webcitation.org/5kmEPPS8W?url=http://www.geocities.com/evan_j_siegel/Akinji/Akinji.html |date=2009-10-25 }} by Evan Siegel. Originally published in Michael Ursinus, Christoph Herzog, & Raoul Motika (ed.), Heidelberger Studien zur Geschichte und Kultur des modernen Vorderen Orients, vol. 27 (Frankfurt am Main, etc.: Peter Lang, 2001) 10. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 {{cite web|title=Армянское человеколюбивое общество|url=http://www.ourbaku.com/index.php5/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%BC%D1%8F%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8E%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%89%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE|publisher=OurBaku|accessdate=13 March 2013|language=Russian}} 11. ^1 2 3 Русская школа, July–August 1896, issues 7-8, St. Petersburg, Skorokhodov Publishing, p. 315 12. ^{{cite journal|last=Stepanian|first=K. M.|title=Համառոտ ակնարկ Բաքվի Սբ. Գրիգոր Լուսավորիչ եկեղեցու պատմության.|journal=National Academy of Social Sciences|year=2009|volume=3|pages=45–59|url=http://lraber.asj-oa.am/588/1/2009-3__45_.pdf|accessdate=13 March 2013|language=Armenian|issn=0320-8117}} 13. ^{{cite journal|last=Арустамян|first=Вениамин|title=ГОРОД УТРАЧЕННЫЙ — ГОРОД УТРАТИВШИЙ. Об истории бакинской армянской общины.|journal=Армянскій вѣстник|year=1999|issue=1-2|url=http://armenianhouse.org/arustamyan/town-ru.html|accessdate=13 March 2013}} 14. ^Баку и его район. 1913. Адресная и справочная книга. Баку, 1913. 15. ^{{cite journal|last=Sarkissian|first=Arshag Ohan|title=History of the Armenian Question to 1885|journal=Illinois studies in the social sciences|year=1938|volume=22|issue=3-4|page=131|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pVwKAQAAIAAJ&q|accessdate=13 March 2013|publisher=University of Illinois Press|quote=The Philanthropic Association of Baku, the oldest (founded in 1862) if not the strongest of such organizations, at times donated a good share of its annual income for the education of the Armenians in the Ottoman Empire.}} 16. ^{{cite book|last=Delk|first=Robert Carlton|title=Reforms in Asia Minor in the nineteenth century|year=1953|publisher=University of Wisconsin--Madison|location=Wisconsin, Madison|page=333|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=V1xNAAAAMAAJ&q|accessdate=13 March 2013}} 17. ^{{cite web|title=Armenian publishing of Baku|url=http://www.baku.am/publishing|publisher=Baku.am|accessdate=13 March 2013}} 18. ^{{cite book|last=ed|first=Agop J. Hacikyan, coordinating|title=The Heritage of Armenian Literature From The Eighteenth Century To Modern Times.|year=2005|publisher=Wayne State Univ. Pr|location=Detroit|isbn=9780814332214|page=480|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GmtPLvnrc38C&dq|accessdate=13 March 2013}} 19. ^{{cite book|last=Kurkjian|first=Vahan M.|title=A History of Armenia|year=1958|publisher=Armenian General Benevolent Union of America|page=422|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Fm4MAQAAMAAJ&q|accessdate=13 March 2013|quote=He received an appointment to a State office in Baku, but later relinquished the post and induced the Mardasirakan (Philanthropic) Society to establish a library, with himself as librarian.}} 20. ^1 {{cite book|last=Sharma|first=edited on behalf of IFLA by Ravindra N.|title=Libraries in the early 21st century, volume 1 an international perspective.|publisher=De Gruyter Saur|location=Berlin|isbn=9783110270631|page=71|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RM2x4Vtx028C&dq}} 21. ^{{cite book|title=Театр и драматургия: Орган Союза советских писателей|year=1935|publisher=Союз писателей СССР|page=1829|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=b8UQAAAAIAAJ&q|accessdate=13 March 2013|language=Russian|quote=К этому времени филантропическое (Армянское человеколюбивое общество» открывает библиотеку, ставшую впоследствии одной из самых богатых библиотек на Кавказе.}} 4 : Philanthropic organizations based in Azerbaijan|Armenians in Azerbaijan|History of Baku|Libraries in Azerbaijan |
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