| 词条 | Army Cross | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
| name = Army Cross | image = Army Cross.jpg | image_size = 300px | caption = | awarded_by = the State President and, from 1994, the President | country = {{flagicon|South Africa|1928}} {{flag|South Africa|1994}} | type = Military decoration for bravery | eligibility = South African Army members | for = Exceptional courage, leadership, or skill in dangerous or critical situations | campaign = | status = Discontinued in 2003 | description = | motto = | clasps = | post-nominals = CM | established = 1987 | first_award = 1992 | last_award = | total = | posthumous = | recipients = | precedence_label = SADF pre-1994 & SANDF post-2002 orders of wear | individual = | higher = {{plainlist|SADF precedence:
}}{{plainlist|SANDF precedence:
}} | same = | lower = {{plainlist|SADF succession:
}}{{plainlist|SANDF succession:
}} | related = | image2 = | caption2 = Ribbon bar }} The Army Cross, post-nominal letters CM (Crux Militaria), is a military decoration which was instituted by the Republic of South Africa in 1987. It was awarded to members of the South African Army for bravery. The Army Cross was discontinued in 2003, but backdated awards can still be made for acts of bravery during this period.[1] The South African militaryThe Union Defence Forces (UDF) were established in 1912 and renamed the South African Defence Force (SADF) in 1958. On 27 April 1994 it was integrated with six other independent forces into the South African National Defence Force (SANDF).[2][3][4][5][6] InstitutionThe Army Cross, post-nominal letters CM (Crux Militaria), was instituted by the State President in 1987.[7] Award criteriaThe cross was initially awarded for exceptional ingenuity, resourcefulness and skill, and extraordinary leadership, dedication, sense of duty and personal example and courage in mortal danger in non-combatant situations. After 1993, it was awarded for exceptional courage, leadership, skill, ingenuity or tenacity in dangerous or critical situations. A Bar, instituted in 1993, could be awarded in recognition of further similar displays of courage, leadership, skill, ingenuity or tenacity in danger.[3] It was first awarded in 1992, to Corporal D.H. Maritz and Private H.B. Smit, who recovered a disabled tank during a battle in Angola.[3] Order of wear{{main|South African military decorations order of wear#Order of wear}}The position of the Army Cross in the official order of precedence was revised three times, to accommodate the institution or addition of new decorations and medals, first upon the integration into the South African National Defence Force on 27 April 1994, again when decorations and medals were belatedly instituted in April 1996 for the two former non-statutory forces, the Azanian People's Liberation Army and Umkhonto we Sizwe, and again when a new series of military decorations and medals was instituted in South Africa on 27 April 2003, but it remained unchanged on all three occasions.[8][9]
Description
The Army Cross is a pointed cross, struck in silver, to fit in a circle 45 millimetres in diameter, with the South African Army springbok emblem in the centre on a red roundel, 18 millimetres in diameter.[3]
The reverse has the pre-1994 South African Coat of Arms, with the decoration number impressed underneath.
The Bar was struck in silver and has an emblem, depicting a Protea, embossed in the centre. The same bar was used to indicate multiple awards of the Pro Virtute Medal, Army Cross, Air Force Cross, Navy Cross, Medical Service Cross, Southern Cross Medal (1975) and Pro Merito Medal (1975).[10]
The ribbon is 32 millimetres wide and white, with a 12 millimetres wide Army orange centre band. DiscontinuationConferment of the decoration was discontinued in respect of services performed on or after 27 April 2003.[6] RecipientsSince inclusion in the table itself is impractical, the actions cited for follow below the table. The list of recipients is not complete.
Actions cited for{{Notes}}References1. ^South African Medal Website - Post-nominal Letters (Accessed 28 April 2015) {{South African military decorations and medals}}2. ^South African Medal Website - SA Defence Force : 1952-1975 (Accessed 30 April 2015) 3. ^1 2 3 4 South African Medal Website - SA Defence Force : 1975-2003 (Accessed 30 April 2015) 4. ^Suid-Afrikaanse militêre dekorasies: 1952-1975 5. ^Suid-Afrikaanse militêre dekorasies: 1975-2003 6. ^1 Republic of South Africa Government Gazette Vol. 457, no. 25213, Pretoria, 25 July 2003 7. ^South African Medal Website - Legal aspects - Fount of Honour (Accessed 1 May 2015) 8. ^1 2 Republic of South Africa Government Gazette no. 15093, Pretoria, 3 September 1993 9. ^1 2 Republic of South Africa Government Gazette Vol. 477, no. 27376, Pretoria, 11 March 2005, {{OCLC|72827981}} 10. ^{{cite book|editor-last=Mackay|editor-first=James|title=The Medal Yearbook 2004|year=2004|publisher=Token Publishing Ltd.|location=Devon, UK|isbn=978-1-870192-62-0|page=380|author1=Mussell, John W.|author2=Editorial Team of Medal News}} 11. ^Die Burger, 23 Nov 1995 - Vyf Highlanders vereer vir dapperheid ná woeste veldbrand {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140419013309/http://152.111.1.87/argief/berigte/dieburger/1995/11/23/4/8.html |date=19 April 2014 }} 12. ^Die Burger, 5 Sep 1995 - Leërkruis vir dapperheid ontvang {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140419025144/http://152.111.1.87/argief/berigte/dieburger/1995/09/05/6/15.html |date=19 April 2014 }} 13. ^{{cite journal | title=Dedicated to duty | author=Ndaba, Dennis | journal=SA Soldier |date=May 2003 | volume=10 | issue=5 | pages=31}} 3 : Military decorations and medals of South Africa|Military decorations and medals of South Africa in order of precedence|Courage awards |
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