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词条 Army of Mujahideen
释义

  1. Ideology

  2. History

  3. Member groups

  4. Former member groups

  5. See also

  6. References

{{distinguish|Mujahideen Army (Iraq)}}{{more footnotes|date=November 2016}}{{infobox war faction
|name = Army of Mujahideen
|native_name= {{lang-ar|جيش المجاهدين}}
Jaysh al-Mujahideen
|native_name_lang= Ar
|war = the Syrian Civil War
|image = Flag of the Army of Mujahedeen (Syria).png
|caption = Logo of the Army of Mujahideen
|active = 2 January 2014 – 25 January 2017[1]
|ideology = Sunni Islamism[2]
  • Salafism{{cn|date=November 2018}}

|leaders = *Lt. Col. Muhammad Abdel Qader Bakr[3]
  • Capt. Muhammad Shakerdi[4]
  • Salim Abu Jaafar[5]
  • Hammoud al-Barm{{KIA}}[6]

|clans =
|headquarters =
|area = Aleppo Governorate, Syria
|strength = 5,000+[7]–12,000[8] ({{small|own claim, 2014}})

4,000 ({{small|own claim, May 2016}})[9]

8,000[10] ({{small|December 2016, Russian military claim}})


|partof = *Free Syrian Army (2016–17)
  • Syrian Revolutionary Command Council (2014–15)[11]
  • Levant Front (2014–15)[12][13]
  • Fatah Halab (2015-2017)[14]
  • Ahrar al-Sham (since 2017)[15]

|allies = *Syria Revolutionaries Front
  • Levant Front
  • Sham Legion
  • Suqour al-Sham Brigade
  • Ahrar al-Sham
  • Al-Nusra Front (until 2017)

|opponents = *Syrian Armed Forces
  • Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant[16]
  • Syrian Democratic Forces
    • Al-Nusra Front (2017)

|battles = Syrian Civil War
  • Inter-rebel conflict during the Syrian Civil War
  • Battle of Aleppo (2012–16)
    • Aleppo offensive (October 2015)
    • 2016 Aleppo summer campaign
    • Aleppo offensive (October–November 2016)
  • Al-Nusra Front–SRF/Hazzm Movement conflict

}}

The Army of Mujahideen ({{lang-ar|جيش المجاهدين}}, Jaysh al-Mujahideen) was a Sunni Islamist rebel group formed in order to fight the Syrian government and the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) during the Syrian Civil War.[17] Originally a coalition of several Islamist rebel groups, it accused ISIL of disrupting "security and stability" in areas that had been captured from the Syrian government.[18] During its establishment in January 2014, the spokesperson of the coalition said it would start operations in Idlib and Aleppo and gradually expand towards the rest of Syria.[1] In December 2016, the Army of Mujahideen was briefly reorganized as Jabhat Ahl al-Sham ({{lang-ar|جبهة أهل الشام}}; Front of the People of the Levant), but this formation soon fell apart during rebel infighting in January 2017.

Ideology

The Army of Mujahideen did not have a political program. Although the member groups have an Islamist identity, they were largely non-ideological Free Syrian Army affiliated groups formed earlier in the Syrian Civil War.[20]

History

The factions which formed the Army of Mujahideen largely emerged from the villages and towns of the Aleppo hinterland.[19][20] The three groups at the core of the alliance were Division 19, the Fastaqim Union and the Nour al-Din al-Zanki Islamic Brigades, which was also then part of the Authenticity and Development Front.[19]

In March 2014, members of one of its component groups, the Fastaqim Union, stopped Marcell Shehwaro, a Syrian Christian opposition activist, and demanded her to wear a hijab. She refused and was arrested, taken to a Sharia court, and forced to sign an agreement pledging to wear the hijab. An Army of Mujahideen commander issued a statement apologizing for its fighters' violent actions, but the ruling requiring Shehwaro to wear a hijab still stood.[21]

On 4 May 2014, the Army of Mujahideen announced the withdrawal of the Nour al-Din al-Zanki Islamic Brigades from the coalition.[22] On 3 June 2014, the Army of Mujahideen announced the expulsion of Division 19's Ansar Brigade and its leader, Abu Bakr, accusing them of theft and kidnapping.[23]

Charles Lister, of the Brookings Doha Center, described the Army of Mujahideen as being a shadow of its former self by August 2014, partially due to a reduction in support it had received from foreign states.[24] Fastaqim Kama Umirt left the group around December 2014.[13]

In September 2014, the United States began planning weapon supplies to the group,[25] and in the same month, fifty of the group's fighters were given military training in Qatar and supplied with BGM-71 TOW anti-tank missiles in a covert CIA program.[26]

On 6 May 2015, it, along with 13 other Aleppo-based groups, joined the Fatah Halab joint operations room.[14]

It announced its support to Turkey against the Kurdistan Workers Party. It also fights the Syrian Democratic Forces in Aleppo.[27]

Several factions of the group, including the al-Noor Islamic Movement, the Amjad al-Islam Brigade, and the al-Quds Brigades left to join the Revolutionaries of the Levant Battalions in April 2015.[28]

In December 2016, the Army of Mujahideen re-merged with Thuwar al-Sham Battalion and the Banner of Islam Movement to form Jabhat Ahl al-Sham.[29]

On 23 January 2017, the al-Nusra Front attacked Jabhat Ahl al-Sham bases in Atarib and other towns in western Aleppo. All the bases were captured and by 24 January, the group was defeated and joined Ahrar al-Sham.[15]

Member groups

  • Army of Mujahideen
    • 19th Division
    • Ansar Brigade
    • Supporters of the Caliphate Brigade
    • Khan al-Asal Free Brigades
    • Ash-Shuyukh Brigade
    • Muhajireen Brigade[4]
    • Battalion of the Martyr Muhammad Sha'ban[30][31]
    • Farouq Battalion
    • 5th Battalion
    • Revolutionaries of Atarib Gathering
    • Atarib Martyrs Brigade
    • Battalion of the Martyr Alaa al-Ahmad
    • Central Force for the City of Atarib
    • Ansar al-Haqq Battalion
    • Loyalty to God Battalion
    • Shells of Justice Brigade

Former member groups

  • Nour al-Din al-Zenki Islamic Battalions
    • Levant Revolutionaries Battalions[32]
    • al-Quds Brigades
    • Glory of Islam Brigade
    • al-Noor Islamic Movement
    • Banners of Islam Movement[32]
  • Fastaqim Union
  • Azadî Battalion

See also

  • List of armed groups in the Syrian Civil War

References

1. ^1 {{cite news|url=http://en.haberler.com/syrian-opposition-builds-army-against-assad-al-342476/|title=Syrian Opposition Builds Army Against Assad, Al-Qaeda|publisher=Anadolu Agency|date=3 January 2014|accessdate=8 January 2014}}
2. ^{{cite news|url=http://english.alarabiya.net/en/News/middle-east/2014/01/04/New-Syria-rebel-alliance-declares-war-on-al-Qaeda.html|title=Syria opposition says it backs rebel fight against al-Qaeda|publisher=Al Arabiya News|date=4 January 2014|accessdate=5 January 2014}}
3. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.enabbaladi.net/archives/127531|title=Commander of "Army of Mujahideen": "Fatah al-Sham" stormed my house and confiscated my property|work=Enab Baladi|date=27 January 2017}}
4. ^1 {{cite news|url=http://english.al-akhbar.com/content/syria-army-mujahideen-challenges-isis-gains|title=Syria: Army of the Mujahideen Challenges ISIS Gains|publisher=Al Akhbar|date=6 January 2014|accessdate=9 January 2014}}
5. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.qasioun.net/ar/news/show/45516/%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%8A_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%AC%D8%A8%D9%87%D8%A9_%D8%A3%D9%87%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%85_%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%B6%D8%AD_%D9%84%D9%80%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%86_%D8%B7%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B9%D8%A9_%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D8%B5%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%84_%D9%84%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%AD%D8%AF_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%B4%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84_%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7|title=The lead in front of the people of Syria shows for "Qassioun" nature of the initiative to unite the factions in northern Syria|work=Qasioun|date=28 December 2016}}
6. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/jihadist-rebels-mourn-loss-16-fighters-government-forces-advance-aleppo-city/|title=Jihadist rebels mourn the loss of 16 fighters as government forces advance in Aleppo City|first=Leith|last=Fadel|date=18 July 2016|publisher=}}
7. ^{{cite news|url=http://carnegieendowment.org/syriaincrisis/?fa=54103|title=Pushing Back Against the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant: The Syria Revolutionaries’ Front and the Mujahideen Army|publisher=Carnegie Endowment for International Peace|date=7 January 2014|accessdate=7 January 2014}}
8. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.mcclatchydc.com/2014/01/06/213669/al-qaida-rebels-leave-mass-grave.html|title=Al Qaida rebels leave mass grave behind as they desert base in Syria|publisher=McClatchy|date=6 January 2014|accessdate=8 January 2014}}
9. ^{{cite web|url=https://rfsmediaoffice.com/2016/05/22/%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%8A-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%AC%D9%8A%D8%B4-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86-%D9%84%D9%80rfs-%D8%A8%D8%B9%D8%AF-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%85%D8%A7/#.V_Nur-B97IU|title=Leadership in the Army of the Mujahideen's (RFS) after the recent merger: the unification of the floor and arms Our goal|work=RFS Media Office|date=22 May 2016}}
10. ^{{Cite web|url=http://eng.mil.ru/en/news_page/country/more.htm?id=12107227@egNews|title=List of armed formations, which joined the ceasefire in the Syrian Arab Republic on December 30, 2016|work=Ministry of Defence of the Russian Federation|date=30 December 2016}}
11. ^{{cite news|url=http://gohasnail.wordpress.com/2014/08/03/translation-the-formation-of-the-syrian-revolutionary-command-council/|title=Translation: the Formation of the Syrian Revolutionary Command Council|accessdate=6 August 2014|publisher=Goha's Nail|date=3 August 2014}}
12. ^{{cite web|url=https://docs.google.com/document/d/1aI3yAmNGW1vLpJCOrhiVLqpUUIX9PG1RNsCqJGGfhxI/edit|title=Syrian Civil War factions|publisher=}}
13. ^1 {{Cite news|title=The Levant Front: Can Aleppo’s Rebels Unite?|url=http://carnegieendowment.org/syriaincrisis/?fa=57605|date=26 December 2014|accessdate=26 December 2014|publisher=Carnegie Endowment for International Peace}}
14. ^1 {{cite web|url=https://www.reddit.com/r/syriancivilwar/comments/353cfd/aleppo_operations_room_announcing_the_preparation/cr0m4jh|title=Zulfikarr comments on "Aleppo operations room" announcing the preparation for "the great battle" with 14 rebel groups|work=reddit}}
15. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.qasioun.net/en/news/show/48837/Jayesh_Al_Mujahdeen_Join_Ahrar_Al_Sham_Movement|title=Mujahideen Army announces joining Freedom Movement Sham|work=Qasioun News Agency|date=24 January 2017}}
16. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2014/01/05/world/syria-rebels-unite-and-launch-new-revolt-against-jihadists/|title=Syria rebels unite and launch new revolt, against jihadists|publisher=AFP|date=4 January 2014|accessdate=28 April 2014}}
17. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/01/04/world/middleeast/qaeda-insurgents-in-syria.html?_r=1&|title=Qaeda-Linked Insurgents Clash With Other Rebels in Syria, as Schism Grows|publisher=New York Times|date=3 January 2014|accessdate=5 January 2014}}
18. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/2014/01/04/us-syria-crisis-fighting-idUSBREA0308720140104|title=Syrian rebels launch fierce offensive against al Qaeda fighters|publisher=Reuters|date=4 January 2014|accessdate=5 January 2014}}
19. ^1 2 {{cite web|url=http://carnegieendowment.org/syriaincrisis/?fa=55275|title=The Mujahedeen Army of Aleppo|publisher=Carnegie Endowment for International Peace|date=8 April 2014|accessdate=12 May 2014}}
20. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/2013/09/25/us-syria-crisis-opposition-factbox-idUSBRE98O0Q720130925|title=Factbox: Syrian rebels against opposition coalition|publisher=Reuters|date=25 September 2013|accessdate=5 January 2014}}
21. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/originals/2014/03/marcel-shehrawo-activist-syria-christian-mujahideen.html|title=Syria's Islamist rebels force Christian activist to wear veil|work=Al-Monitor|author=Edward Dark|date=25 March 2014|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180118182620/https://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/originals/2014/03/marcel-shehrawo-activist-syria-christian-mujahideen.html|archive-date=18 January 2018}}
22. ^{{Cite web|title=Jeish al-Mujahideen Charter – Comment and Translation|url=http://gohasnail.wordpress.com/2014/05/05/jeish-al-mujahideen-charter-comment-and-translation/|date=4 May 2014|accessdate=30 May 2014|publisher=Goha's Nail}}
23. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.mojez.com/News/SocialMedia/27/537911/%E2%80%AB-%D8%AC%D9%8A%D8%B4-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86-%D9%8A%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%86-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%86-%D9%84%D9%87-%D9%81%D8%B5%D9%84-%D9%84%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%A1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%86%D8%B5%D8%A7%D8%B1-%D9%88%D8%B9%D8%B2%D9%84-%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%AF%D9%87/|title= جيش المجاهدين يعلن في بيان له فصل لواء الأنصار وعزل قائده المقدم أبو بكر عن قيادته بسبب "تورطه في بقضايا سرقات وخطف وتهريب سجناء من داعش". 3-6-2014|work=mojez.com}}
24. ^{{Cite news|title=As ISIS closes in, is it game over for Syria's opposition in Aleppo?|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2014/08/15/opinion/syria-aleppo-isis-threat/|date=15 August 2014|accessdate=25 August 2014|publisher=CNN}}
25. ^{{Cite news|title=After A Long Wait, Syrian Rebels Hope The Weapons Will Now Flow|url=https://www.npr.org/blogs/parallels/2014/09/17/349075789/after-a-long-wait-syrian-rebels-hope-the-weapons-will-now-flow|date=17 September 2014|accessdate=17 September 2014|publisher=NPR}}
26. ^{{Cite news|title=Facing Islamic State in Syria, U.S.-trained rebels await more help|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/2014/12/01/us-mideast-crisis-syria-insight-idUSKCN0JF2L020141201?irpc=932|date=1 December 2014|accessdate=9 February 2015|publisher=Reuters|quote=The 50 fighters were the first from their group to attend the training in Qatar, part of an ostensibly covert CIA program to offer military support to vetted factions in opposition to President Bashar al-Assad}}
27. ^{{cite web|url=https://twitter.com/ibnnabih1/status/625579826448048128|title=Ibn Nabih|work=Twitter}}
28. ^{{cite news|url=https://hasanmustafas.wordpress.com/2015/05/08/the-moderate-rebels-a-complete-and-growing-list-of-vetted-groups-fielding-tow-missiles/|title=The Moderate Rebels: A Growing List of Vetted Groups Fielding BGM-71 TOW Anti-Tank Guided Missiles|accessdate=19 October 2015}}
29. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.aymennjawad.org/2017/01/syrian-rebel-mergers-a-harakat-nour-al-din-al|title=Syrian Rebel Mergers: A Harakat Nour Al-Din Al-Zinki Perspective|work=Aymenn Jawad Al-Tamimi|date=7 January 2017}}
30. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.reddit.com/r/syriancivilwar/comments/4kaajt/ten_brigades_and_battalions_of_the_fsa_join_jaysh/d3dgveh|title=Ten brigades and battalions of the FSA join Jaysh al Mujahideen • /r/syriancivilwar|publisher=}}
31. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DsUdlDO4SHw|title=Free Syrian Army factions in northern Aleppo merge to Jaish al-Mujahideen|first=|last=Chris Tomson AlMasdar|date=23 May 2016|publisher=|via=YouTube}}
32. ^1 {{Cite web|url=http://stepagency-sy.net/archives/179468|title=New mergers in the Zanki line west of Aleppo as the battle of Afrin approaches|work=STEP News Agency|date=18 January 2018}}
{{Syrian Civil War}}

5 : Anti-government factions of the Syrian Civil War|Free Syrian Army|Anti-ISIL factions in Syria|Military units and formations established in 2014|Military units and formations disestablished in 2017
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